Oxidative stress is believed to play a key role in tumor formation. Although this mechanism could be especially pertinent for brain tumors given the high oxygen consumption of the brain, very little has been published regarding brain tumor risk with respect to genes mediating oxidative stress. Using data from non-Hispanic whites in a hospital-based case-control study conducted by the National Cancer Institute between 1994 and 1998, we evaluated risk of glioma (n = 362), meningioma (n = 134), and acoustic neuroma (n = 69) compared to noncancer controls (n = 494) with respect to nine single nucleotide polymorphisms from seven genes involved in oxidative stress response (CAT, GPX1, NOS3, PON1, SOD1, SOD2, and SOD3). We observed increased risk of glioma (odds ratio [OR]CT/CC = 1.3; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.0–1.7) and meningioma (ORCT/CC = 1.7; 95% CI, 1.1–2.7) with the C variant of SOD3 rs699473. There was also indication of increased acoustic neuroma risk with the SOD2 rs4880 Ala variant (ORCT/CC = 2.0; 95% CI, 1.0–4.2) and decreased acoustic neuroma risk with the CAT rs1001179 T allele variant (ORCT/TT = 0.6; 95% CI, 0.3–1.0). These relationships persisted when major groups of disease controls were excluded from the analysis. Our results suggest that common variants in the SOD2, SOD3, and CAT genes may influence brain tumor risk.