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Abstract In this article, the Islamic gold coins collections of the University of Valencia is studied for the first time for its elemental composition and colorimetric properties. To that end, non-destructive elemental analysis using energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence is applied to obtain the coins’ elemental profile. Additionally, the colour of the coins is assessed using smartphone-based colorimetry as an innovative non-invasive method. Results indicate that the Islamic coins could be attributed to Almoravids, and the gold origin could be the famous Sudanese gold, an ore which was valued all over the world. Also, the text found in the coins was translated and allowed to objectively identify the mint and year. Based on these results, it can be seen that the earliest coins struck in the Iberian Peninsula are characterised by slightly lower gold concentrations than the ones struck in the northern part of Africa, pointing towards a potential recycling of coins which already circulated in the area. In conclusion, this work provides new analytical insights into a peculiar and unique type of samples, allowing to draw some conclusions in terms of their origins and materials, and for the first time allows to characterise the chromatic coordinates of this type of samples.

The investigation of ancient artifacts is often constrained by their scarce availability and high protection and custody protocols. Among these, coinage represents an especially valuable kind-of-samples given their uniqueness and the subjacent information that is hidden behind their composition. Their analysis are often carried out using non-destructive techniques in order to avoid any alteration of the samples. In the field of Cultural Heritage analysis, smartphone-based methodologies have experienced a significant increase during the last few years, given their wide availability and ability to yield fast results. However, their analytical application demands a thorough and careful tuning during the methodology optimization. In this work, 21 historical gold and golden coins spanning a historical period of more than 2000 years have been analytically investigated. To that end, a two-fold approach has been implemented: first, the elemental composition has been analysed using portable X-ray fluorescence; and second, an innovative smartphone-based imaging method has been applied to measure their colour. Results allowed to describe the coins from their elemental profile, identifying some potentially debased ones, as well as some others not containing any gold. When possible, the results have been compared to previously reported cases, but our samples include some previously unreported cases representing new insights. All in all, this article provides new analytical data on unanalysed unique historical samples, in terms of their elemental profile and colorimetric properties, making use of an innovative, non-invasive nor destructive, fast and affordable colorimetric smartphone-based method to characterise historical coins.

In this article, the detailed description of a smartphone-based analytical method to turn a smartphone into a colorimeter is described and applied to mural painting replicas. The method consists of a camera characterization process, to estimate CIELAB values from RGB camera responses, correcting for potential experimental interferences, like the effect of the lighting/capture geometry or software for color modification and enhancement. Next, the estimated CIELAB descriptors were used to build a chemometric Support Vector Classifier to objectively distinguish among the colors of the different pigments. The method was validated in terms of color reproduction and classification performance. • A smartphone-based method is described to capture mural painting color. • A color gamut-specific camera characterization procedure is developed and the performance of the smartphone-based colorimeter is compared with a spectrophotometer. • A classification method based on the estimated CIELAB descriptors is validated in terms of classification performance.

Antecedentes y objetivo: El infarto prematuro tiene un alto impacto socioeconoÌÂÂmico y carecemos de estudios contemporaÌÂÂneos que analicen las caracteriÌÂÂsticas asociadas al desarrollo de estos eventos y a su evolucioÌÂÂn. Material y meÌÂÂtodos: En un estudio observacional sobre una cohorte retrospectiva que incluyoÌÂÂ pacientes menores de 46 anÌ?os con un infarto entre junio de 2012 y junio de 2022, se analizaron las caracteriÌÂÂsticas sociodemograÌÂÂficas, factores de riesgo cardiovasculares, toÌÂÂxicos, caracteriÌÂÂsticas del infarto, datos sobre infeccioÌÂÂn e inmunizacioÌÂÂn por SARS-CoV-2, se realizoÌÂÂ un seguimiento retrospectivo a un anÌ?o mediante la historia electroÌÂÂnica y se compararon los resultados con los reportados en la literatura. Resultados: El 12.1% de las angioplastias primarias correspondioÌÂÂ a infartos prematuros (103). Entre los factores de riesgo claÌÂÂsicos destacaron la dislipidemia y el sobrepeso. La hipertensioÌÂÂn y la diabetes fueron significativamente menores que las cifras reportadas en poblacioÌÂÂn mayor. El consumo de tabaco fue significativamente mayor, asiÌÂÂ como el de otros toÌÂÂxicos, entre los que destacaron el cannabis y la cocaiÌÂÂna. Los antecedentes familiares estuvieron presentes en 27 pacientes. El 27.2% (28) tuvieron complicaciones durante el ingreso y la mortalidad fue del 4.9% (5). No se identificaron diferencias significativas entre los pacientes que iniciaron con un evento antes o despueÌÂÂs de la pandemia, a excepcioÌÂÂn de una tendencia a la disminucioÌÂÂn del haÌÂÂbito tabaÌÂÂquico. Conclusiones: El infarto prematuro es una patologiÌÂÂa al alza con una morbimortalidad considerable. La concienciacioÌÂÂn sobre los haÌÂÂbitos toÌÂÂxicos y prevencioÌÂÂn de los factores de riesgo claÌÂÂsicos son tareas prioritarias en nuestro medio.

Sr. Editor: Se presenta el caso de un paciente de 57 años con antecedentes de radiación torácica en la adolescencia por un linfoma de Hodgkin torácico. Presenta además enfermedad pulmonar intersticial no filiada y bocio endotorácico con desplazamiento traqueal que condiciona una vía aérea difícil. En 2014 se le diagnosticó un síndrome coronario crónico y se le realizó revascularización percutánea completa en la coronaria derecha. Los ecocardiogramas mostraron estenosis aórtica mitral grave secundaria a calcificación valvular sin estigmas de enfermedad reumática, con función sistólica conservada e hipertensión pulmonar grave. El paciente desarrolló progresivamente clínica de insuficiencia cardiaca, por lo que se indicó una sustitución valvular aórtica. Ante la evidencia de aorta de porcelana, se decidió el implante percutáneo de una prótesis aórtica (TAVI), modelo Edwards SAPIEN 23 mm (Edwards Lifescience, Estados Unidos) por acceso femoral bajo sedación profunda. No hubo complicaciones al alta. En seguimiento en consulta de valvulopatías, su disnea fue empeorando (clase III de la New York Heart Association [NYHA]). Las pruebas complementarias confirmaron la progresión de la estenosis mitral. Mediante ecocardiograma transtorácico (ETT) y transesofágico (ETE) se visualizó una calcificación anular mitral extensa que condicionaba estenosis mitral grave (gradiente medio de 15 mmHg), sin insuficiencia, ventrículo derecho ligeramente dilatado con...

To the Editor, This is the case of a 57-year-old man with a past medical history of thoracic radiation in his adolescence in the context of Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The patient also has unclassified interstitial lung disease and endothoracic goitre with tracheal displacement creating a difficult airway. Back in 2014, the patient was diagnosed with chronic coronary syndrome and complete percutaneous revascularization of right coronary artery was achieved. The echocardiograms revealed the presence of severe mitral valve stenosis due to valve calcification without signs of rheumatic disease, preserved systolic function, and severe pulmonary hypertension. The patient started showing progressive signs of heart failure, and aortic valve replacement was indicated. Given the evidence of porcelain aorta, transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) was decided using a 23 mm Edwards SAPIEN valve (Edwards Lifesciences, United States) under deep sedation via femoral access. No complications were reported at discharge. Follow-up in the valve clinic showed progressive worsening of dyspnea (New York Heart Association [NYHA] class III). Additional tests confirmed the progression of mitral stenosis. The transthoracic (TTE) and transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography confirmed the presence of extensive mitral annular calcification (MAC) causing severe mitral stenosis (mean gradient, 15 mmHg) without regurgitation, mild right ventricular dilatation with preserved function, and...