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3. Sociodemographic profile, health-related behaviours and experiences of healthcare access in Italian transgender and gender diverse adult population

Author

Marconi, M., Pagano, M. T., Ristori, J., Bonadonna, S., Pivonello, R., Meriggiola, M. C., Motta, G., Lombardo, F., Mosconi, M., Oppo, A., Cocchetti, C., Romani, A., Federici, S., Bruno, L., Verde, N., Lami, A., Crespi, C. M., Marinelli, L., Giordani, L., Matarrese, P., Ruocco, A., Santangelo, C., Contoli, B., Masocco, M., Minardi, V., Chiarotti, F., Fisher, A. D., and Pierdominici, M.

Published
2024
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9. 'Back to School after Corona Virus Disease of 2019': New Relationships, Distance Schooling, and Experienced Routine

Author

Maria Gabriella Pediconi, Michela Brunori, and Savino Romani

Abstract

The Corona Virus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has upset the students' daily routine, forcing them at first into a sudden transition to distance learning and then to a return to school modelled on the basis of infection containment measures. The present research involved 157 students from schools in central Italy with a mean age of 13.58 years old to investigate the affective impact of the pandemic on the school experience and its components (recess, oral testing, relationships with classmates, and relationship pupils-teachers). The results show that only a few have experienced school interruption in a traumatic way: they have appreciated neither distance learning, nor the return to school; for these teenagers, the school of the past has died. Other adolescents and pre-adolescents tried to replace the face-to-face mode with distance learning, maintaining certain attention to the school even during the quarantine. However, the online mode did not keep its promise. Those who have invested more in digital innovation find it difficult to return to normality today. For all of them, socialization mediated by school experience is decisive in supporting the return to ordinary life after the pandemic.

Published
2023

10. Complex rotational dynamics of the neutron star in Hercules X-1 revealed by X-ray polarization

Author

Heyl, Jeremy, Doroshenko, Victor, González-Caniulef, Denis, Caiazzo, Ilaria, Poutanen, Juri, Mushtukov, Alexander, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Kirmizibayrak, Demet, Bachetti, Matteo, Pavlov, George G., Forsblom, Sofia V., Malacaria, Christian, Suleimanov, Valery F., Agudo, Iván, Antonelli, Lucio Angelo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Costa, Enrico, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Di Marco, Alessandro, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Dovčiak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Muleri, Fabio, Negro, Michela, Ng, C.-Y., O’Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Peirson, Abel Lawrence, Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver J., Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Soffitta, Paolo, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Douglas A., Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Tombesi, Francesco, Trois, Alessio, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Published
2024
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11. Cygnus X-3 revealed as a Galactic ultraluminous X-ray source by IXPE

Author

Veledina, Alexandra, Muleri, Fabio, Poutanen, Juri, Podgorný, Jakub, Dovčiak, Michal, Capitanio, Fiamma, Churazov, Eugene, De Rosa, Alessandra, Di Marco, Alessandro, Forsblom, Sofia V., Kaaret, Philip, Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Loktev, Vladislav, Lutovinov, Alexander A., Molkov, Sergey V., Mushtukov, Alexander A., Ratheesh, Ajay, Rodriguez Cavero, Nicole, Steiner, James F., Sunyaev, Rashid A., Tsygankov, Sergey S., Weisskopf, Martin C., Zdziarski, Andrzej A., Bianchi, Stefano, Bright, Joe S., Bursov, Nikolaj, Costa, Enrico, Egron, Elise, Garcia, Javier A., Green, David A., Gurwell, Mark, Ingram, Adam, Kajava, Jari J. E., Kale, Ruta, Kraus, Alex, Malyshev, Denys, Marin, Frédéric, Matt, Giorgio, McCollough, Michael, Mereminskiy, Ilya A., Nizhelsky, Nikolaj, Piano, Giovanni, Pilia, Maura, Pittori, Carlotta, Rao, Ramprasad, Righini, Simona, Soffitta, Paolo, Shevchenko, Anton, Svoboda, Jiri, Tombesi, Francesco, Trushkin, Sergei A., Tsybulev, Peter, Ursini, Francesco, Wu, Kinwah, Agudo, Iván, Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Bonino, Raffaella, Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Gesu, Laura, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Doroshenko, Victor, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Jorstad, Svetlana G., Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Latronico, Luca, Liodakis, Ioannis, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marinucci, Andrea, Marscher, Alan P., Marshall, Herman L., Massaro, Francesco, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Negro, Michela, Ng, Chi-Yung, O’Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Possenti, Andrea, Puccetti, Simonetta, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Roberts, Oliver, Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Doug, Tamagawa, Toru, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Xie, Fei, and Zane, Silvia

Published
2024
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14. Clinicopathological and molecular predictors of [18F]FDG-PET disease detection in HER2-positive early breast cancer: RESPONSE, a substudy of the randomized PHERGain trial

Author

Llombart-Cussac, Antonio, Prat, Aleix, Pérez-García, José Manuel, Mateos, José, Pascual, Tomás, Escrivà-de-Romani, Santiago, Stradella, Agostina, Ruiz-Borrego, Manuel, de las Heras, Begoña Bermejo, Keyaerts, Marleen, Galvan, Patricia, Brasó-Maristany, Fara, García-Mosquera, Juan José, Guiot, Thomas, Gion, María, Sampayo-Cordero, Miguel, Di Cosimo, Serena, Pérez-Escuredo, Jhudit, de Frutos, Manuel Atienza, Cortés, Javier, and Gebhart, Geraldine

Published
2024
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17. Analysis of reactor burnup simulation uncertainties for antineutrino spectrum prediction

Author

Barresi, A., Borghesi, M., Cammi, A., Chiesa, D., Loi, L., Nastasi, M., Previtali, E., Sisti, M., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Beretta, M., Bergnoli, A., Brigatti, A., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Caccianiga, B., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Ferraro, F., Garfagnini, A., Giammarchi, M. G., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Landini, C., Lippi, I., Loffredo, S., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Miramonti, L., Montuschi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Percalli, E., Petrucci, F., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Stanco, L., Stanescu Farilla, E., Strati, V., Torri, M. D. C., Triossi, A., Tuvé, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.

Published
2024
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21. A stress-induced source of phonon bursts and quasiparticle poisoning

Author

Anthony-Petersen, Robin, Biekert, Andreas, Bunker, Raymond, Chang, Clarence L., Chang, Yen-Yung, Chaplinsky, Luke, Fascione, Eleanor, Fink, Caleb W., Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice, Germond, Richard, Guo, Wei, Hertel, Scott A., Hong, Ziqing, Kurinsky, Noah, Li, Xinran, Lin, Junsong, Lisovenko, Marharyta, Mahapatra, Rupak, Mayer, Adam, McKinsey, Daniel N., Mehrotra, Siddhant, Mirabolfathi, Nader, Neblosky, Brian, Page, William A., Patel, Pratyush K., Penning, Bjoern, Pinckney, H. Douglas, Platt, Mark, Pyle, Matt, Reed, Maggie, Romani, Roger K., Santana Queiroz, Hadley, Sadoulet, Bernard, Serfass, Bruno, Smith, Ryan, Sorensen, Peter, Suerfu, Burkhant, Suzuki, Aritoki, Underwood, Ryan, Velan, Vetri, Wang, Gensheng, Wang, Yue, Watkins, Samuel L., Williams, Michael R., Yefremenko, Volodymyr, and Zhang, Jianjie

Published
2024
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23. Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Kakaraskoska Boceska, Biljana, Vilken, Tuba, Xavier, Basil Britto, Kostyanev, Tomislav, Lin, Qiang, Lammens, Christine, Ellis, Sally, O’Brien, Seamus, da Costa, Renata Maria Augusto, Cook, Aislinn, Russell, Neal, Bielicki, Julia, Riddell, Amy, Stohr, Wolfgang, Walker, Ann Sarah, Berezin, Eitan Naaman, Roilides, Emmanuel, De Luca, Maia, Romani, Lorenza, Ballot, Daynia, Dramowski, Angela, Wadula, Jeannette, Lochindarat, Sorasak, Boonkasidecha, Suppawat, Namiiro, Flavia, Ngoc, Hoang Thi Bich, Tran, Minh Dien, Cressey, Tim R., Preedisripipat, Kanchana, Berkley, James A., Musyimi, Robert, Zarras, Charalampos, Nana, Trusha, Whitelaw, Andrew, da Silva, Cely Barreto, Jaglal, Prenika, Ssengooba, Willy, Saha, Samir K., Islam, Mohammad Shahidul, Mussi-Pinhata, Marisa Marcia, Carvalheiro, Cristina Gardonyi, Piddock, Laura J. V., Heath, Paul T., Malhotra-Kumar, Surbhi, Sharland, Michael, Glupczynski, Youri, and Goossens, Herman

Published
2024
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26. A microbially produced AhR ligand promotes a Tph1-driven tolerogenic program in multiple sclerosis

Author

Zelante, Teresa, Paolicelli, Giuseppe, Fallarino, Francesca, Gargaro, Marco, Vascelli, Gianluca, De Zuani, Marco, Fric, Jan, Laznickova, Petra, Kohoutkova, Marcela Hortova, Macchiarulo, Antonio, Dolciami, Daniela, Pieraccini, Giuseppe, Gaetani, Lorenzo, Scalisi, Giulia, Trevisan, Caterina, Frossi, Barbara, Pucillo, Carlo, De Luca, Antonella, Nunzi, Emilia, Spaccapelo, Roberta, Pariano, Marilena, Borghi, Monica, Boscaro, Francesca, Romoli, Riccardo, Mancini, Andrea, Gentili, Lucia, Renga, Giorgia, Costantini, Claudio, Puccetti, Matteo, Giovagnoli, Stefano, Ricci, Maurizio, Antonini, Martina, Calabresi, Paolo, Puccetti, Paolo, Di Filippo, Massimiliano, and Romani, Luigina

Published
2024
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33. Sexual dimorphism in the structural colours of the wings of the black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Author

Manuela Rebora, Silvana Piersanti, Aldo Romani, Alexander Kovalev, Stanislav Gorb, and Gianandrea Salerno

Subjects
Biological optics, Biophotonics, Insects, Interference, Vision, Mating, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The black soldier fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) plays a significant role at the larval stage in the circular economy due to its ability to convert organic waste into valuable products for energy, food, feed, and agricultural applications. Many data are available on larval development and biomass generation, but basic research on this species is lacking and little is known about adult biology, in particular about the cues involved in sexual recognition. In the present study, using various instruments (stereomicroscope, scanning and transmission electron microscope, hyperspectral camera and spectrophotometer), wing ultrastructure of both sexes was analysed, reflectance and transmission spectra of the wings were measured and behavioural bioassays were carried out to measure male response to specific visual stimuli. The collected data showed the existence of sexual dimorphism in the wings of H. illucens due to iridescent structural colouration generated by a multilayer of melanin located in the dorsal lamina of the central part of the wing. Wing sexual dimorphism is particularly evident regarding the strong emission of blue light of female wings. Blue colour induces in males a strong motivation to mate. The obtained results can help to improve and optimize the breeding techniques of BSF.

Published
2024
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34. Family medicine viewed through the public lens: A national cross-sectional study in Lebanon

Author

Manar Shalak, Manoj Nepal, Yasmina Al Ghadban, Jumana Antoun, and Maya Romani

Subjects
cross-sectional, epidemiology, family medicine, family physician, primary health care, Medicine
Abstract

Background: Family medicine (FM) is a medical specialty that provides continuing, comprehensive health care for the individual and the family. This study aimed to describe Lebanese citizens’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward FM as a specialty. Methods: This is a national cross-sectional phone-based survey targeting the knowledge of the public about FM and its scope of practice. Questions were asked whether participants had primary health care doctors and their specialties Results: A total of 373 participants were included, with a response rate of 85.2%. Two-thirds were aware of the specialty of FM, while only 16.6% of the participants had previously visited a family physician. Most participants (69.7%) had a doctor they regularly consulted. One-third of participants had a general practitioner as their regular doctor. More than 80% of the participants agreed that FM physicians treat all family members with common and chronic diseases. Around 60% to 75% of participants knew that family physicians provide medical care to children, treat patients with psychiatric impairments, and perform minor surgeries. There was a significant gap in the participants’ knowledge of FM physicians’ role in managing obstetric or gynecologic patients. Conclusion: Despite public awareness of FM, limited understanding and system challenges hinder its utilization in Lebanon. Educational campaigns, government-supported FM practices, and collaborations with public health initiatives are crucial to bridging the knowledge gap and establishing FM as the cornerstone of primary care. This knowledge gap challenges the specialty’s identity and necessitates promoting FM as the cornerstone of primary care, potentially requiring a system-wide endorsement.

Published
2024
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35. Choquard equations with critical exponential nonlinearities in the zero mass case

Author

Giulio Romani

Subjects
choquard equation, zero mass, exponential growth, variational methods, limiting sobolev embeddings, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

We investigate Choquard equations in $ \mathbb R^N $ driven by a weighted $ N $-Laplace operator with polynomial kernel and zero mass. Since the setting is limiting for the Sobolev embedding, we work with nonlinearities which may grow up to the critical exponential. We establish the existence of a positive solution by variational methods, complementing the analysis in [32], where the case of a logarithmic kernel was considered.

Published
2024
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36. A stress-induced source of phonon bursts and quasiparticle poisoning

Author

Robin Anthony-Petersen, Andreas Biekert, Raymond Bunker, Clarence L. Chang, Yen-Yung Chang, Luke Chaplinsky, Eleanor Fascione, Caleb W. Fink, Maurice Garcia-Sciveres, Richard Germond, Wei Guo, Scott A. Hertel, Ziqing Hong, Noah Kurinsky, Xinran Li, Junsong Lin, Marharyta Lisovenko, Rupak Mahapatra, Adam Mayer, Daniel N. McKinsey, Siddhant Mehrotra, Nader Mirabolfathi, Brian Neblosky, William A. Page, Pratyush K. Patel, Bjoern Penning, H. Douglas Pinckney, Mark Platt, Matt Pyle, Maggie Reed, Roger K. Romani, Hadley Santana Queiroz, Bernard Sadoulet, Bruno Serfass, Ryan Smith, Peter Sorensen, Burkhant Suerfu, Aritoki Suzuki, Ryan Underwood, Vetri Velan, Gensheng Wang, Yue Wang, Samuel L. Watkins, Michael R. Williams, Volodymyr Yefremenko, and Jianjie Zhang

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The performance of superconducting qubits is degraded by a poorly characterized set of energy sources breaking the Cooper pairs responsible for superconductivity, creating a condition often called “quasiparticle poisoning”. Both superconducting qubits and low threshold dark matter calorimeters have observed excess bursts of quasiparticles or phonons that decrease in rate with time. Here, we show that a silicon crystal glued to its holder exhibits a rate of low-energy phonon events that is more than two orders of magnitude larger than in a functionally identical crystal suspended from its holder in a low-stress state. The excess phonon event rate in the glued crystal decreases with time since cooldown, consistent with a source of phonon bursts which contributes to quasiparticle poisoning in quantum circuits and the low-energy events observed in cryogenic calorimeters. We argue that relaxation of thermally induced stress between the glue and crystal is the source of these events.

Published
2024
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37. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in patients with hematological malignancies in the Omicron era: Respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation and mortality in seronegative and seropositive patients

Author

Erica Franceschini, Valentina Menozzi, Vera Todisco, Mariachiara Pellegrino, Samuele Cantergiani, Andrea Dessilani, Anna Spadoni, Federico Romani, Alice Mazzocchi, Antonella Santoro, Marianna Meschiari, Adriana Cervo, Andrea Gilioli, Francesca Bettelli, Giulia Fregni‐Serpini, Antonella Grottola, Anna Candoni, Giovanni Guaraldi, Mario Sarti, Mario Luppi, and Cristina Mussini

Subjects
COVID‐19, hematological malignancies, serostatus, Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs, RC633-647.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) have a high risk of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), also in the Omicron period. Material and methods Retrospective single‐center study including HM patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) infection from January 2022 to March 2023. Study outcomes were respiratory failure (RF), mechanical ventilation (MV), and COVID‐related mortality, comparing patients according to SARS‐CoV2 serology. Results Note that, 112 patients were included: 39% had negative SARS‐CoV2 serology. Seronegative were older (71.5 vs. 65.0 years, p = 0.04), had more often a lymphoid neoplasm (88.6% vs. 69.1%, p = 0.02), underwent anti‐CD20 therapy (50.0% vs. 30.9% p = 0.04) and had more frequently a severe disease (23.0% vs. 3.0%, p = 0.02) than seropositive. Kaplan‐Meier showed a higher risk for seronegative patients for RF (p = 0.014), MV (p = 0.044), and COVID‐related mortality (p = 0.021). Negative SARS‐CoV2 serostatus resulted in a risk factor for RF (hazards ratio [HR] 2.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–4.67, p = 0.04), MV (HR 3.37, 95% CI 1.06–10.68, p = 0.04), and COVID‐related mortality (HR 4.26, 95% CI 1.09–16.71, p = 0.04). Conclusions : HM patients with negative SARS‐CoV2 serology, despite vaccinations and previous infections, have worse clinical outcomes compared to seropositive patients in the Omicron era. The use of serology for SARS‐CoV2 diagnosis could be an easy tool to identify patients prone to developing complications.

Published
2024
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38. Trastuzumab Duocarmazine in Pretreated Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2–Positive Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer: An Open-Label, Randomized, Phase III Trial (TULIP)

Author

Turner, Nicholas, Saura, Cristina, Aftimos, Philippe, van den Tweel, Evelyn, Oesterholt, Mayke, Koper, Norbert, Colleoni, Marco, Kaczmarek, Emilie, Punie, Kevin, Song, Xinni, Armstrong, Anne, Bianchi, Giulia, Stradella, Agostina, Ladoire, Sylvain, Lim, Joline Si Jing, Quenel-Tueux, Nathalie, Tan, Tira J., Escrivá-de-Romaní, Santiago, OʼShaughnessy, Joyce, Kuip, Evelien, de Vries, Elisabeth G.E., Menke-van der Houven van Oordt, Willemien, Aftimos, Philippe, Papadimitriou, Konstantinos, Denys, Hannelore, Punie, Kevin, Jerusalem, Guy, Borms, Marleen, Duhoux, François, Turner, Nicholas, Macpherson, Iain, Armstrong, Anne, Levitt, Nicola, Palmieri, Carlo, Borley, Annabel, Crook, Timothy, Vega Alonso, Estela, Morales, Serafin, de Romani Muñoz, Santiago Escriva, Stradella, Agostina, Jerez Gilarranz, Yolanda, Anton, Antonio, Ponce, Jose Juan, Adamo, Barbara, Cortes Castan, Javier, Martinez, Maria, Petit, Thierry, Kaczmarek, Emilie, Ladoire, Sylvain, Quenel Tueux, Nathalie, Teixeira, Luis, Christophe Thery, Jean, Abadie-Lacourtoisie, Sophie, Lortholary, Alain, Luporsi, Elisabeth, Orfeuvre, Hubert, Bonnin, Nathalie, Bianchini, Giampaolo, Piacentini, Federico, Cognetti, Francesco, Marchetti, Paolo, Maiello, Evaristo, Cazzaniga, Marina, Guarneri, Valentina, Colleoni, Marco, Doni, Laura, Bordonaro, Roberto, Zamagni, Claudio, Bianchi, Giulia, Biganzoli, Laura, Thirlwell, Michael, Song, Xinni, Joy, Anil, Taylor, Sara, Helsten, Teresa, Chaudhry, Madhu, Ali, Haythem, Dakhil, Shaker, Mowat, Rex, Brufsky, Adam, Cobleigh, Melody, Modiano, Manuel, Cairo, Michelina, Meshad, Michael, Danso, Michael A., Andersen, Jay, Harroff, Allyson, Owera, Rami, Favret, Anne, OʼShaughnessy, Joyce, Pluard, Timothy, Rosenblatt, Paula, Jain, Sharad, Jensen, Jeanette Dupont, Jeppesen, Nina, Wedervang, Kim, Edlund, Per, Lindman, Henrik, Altena, Renske, Klint, Leif, Jing Ying, Tira Tan, and Si Jing, Joline Lim

Published
2024
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39. Bacteria and fungi of the lung: allies or enemies?

Author

Enrico Garaci, Marilena Pariano, Emilia Nunzi, Claudio Costantini, Marina Maria Bellet, Cinzia Antognelli, Matteo Antonio Russo, and Luigina Romani

Subjects
respiratory bacteriome, respiratory mycobiome, bacterial-fungal interactions, immunity, metabolism, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract

Moving from the earlier periods in which the lungs were believed to represent sterile environments, our knowledge on the lung microbiota has dramatically increased, from the first descriptions of the microbial communities inhabiting the healthy lungs and the definition of the ecological rules that regulate its composition, to the identification of the changes that occur in pathological conditions. Despite the limitations of lung as a microbiome reservoir due to the low microbial biomass and abundance, defining its microbial composition and function in the upper and lower airways may help understanding the impact on local homeostasis and its disruption in lung diseases. In particular, the understanding of the metabolic and immune significance of microbes, their presence or lack thereof, in health and disease states could be valuable in development of novel druggable targets in disease treatments. Next-generation sequencing has identified intricate inter-microbe association networks that comprise true mutualistic or antagonistic direct or indirect relationships in the respiratory tract. In this review, the tripartite interaction of bacteria, fungi and the mammalian host is addressed to provide an integrated view of the microbial-host cross-talk in lung health and diseases from an immune and metabolic perspective.

Published
2024
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40. Community-based reconstruction and simulation of a full-scale model of the rat hippocampus CA1 region.

Author

Armando Romani, Alberto Antonietti, Davide Bella, Julian Budd, Elisabetta Giacalone, Kerem Kurban, Sára Sáray, Marwan Abdellah, Alexis Arnaudon, Elvis Boci, Cristina Colangelo, Jean-Denis Courcol, Thomas Delemontex, András Ecker, Joanne Falck, Cyrille Favreau, Michael Gevaert, Juan B Hernando, Joni Herttuainen, Genrich Ivaska, Lida Kanari, Anna-Kristin Kaufmann, James Gonzalo King, Pramod Kumbhar, Sigrun Lange, Huanxiang Lu, Carmen Alina Lupascu, Rosanna Migliore, Fabien Petitjean, Judit Planas, Pranav Rai, Srikanth Ramaswamy, Michael W Reimann, Juan Luis Riquelme, Nadir Román Guerrero, Ying Shi, Vishal Sood, Mohameth François Sy, Werner Van Geit, Liesbeth Vanherpe, Tamás F Freund, Audrey Mercer, Eilif Muller, Felix Schürmann, Alex M Thomson, Michele Migliore, Szabolcs Káli, and Henry Markram

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

The CA1 region of the hippocampus is one of the most studied regions of the rodent brain, thought to play an important role in cognitive functions such as memory and spatial navigation. Despite a wealth of experimental data on its structure and function, it has been challenging to integrate information obtained from diverse experimental approaches. To address this challenge, we present a community-based, full-scale in silico model of the rat CA1 that integrates a broad range of experimental data, from synapse to network, including the reconstruction of its principal afferents, the Schaffer collaterals, and a model of the effects that acetylcholine has on the system. We tested and validated each model component and the final network model, and made input data, assumptions, and strategies explicit and transparent. The unique flexibility of the model allows scientists to potentially address a range of scientific questions. In this article, we describe the methods used to set up simulations to reproduce in vitro and in vivo experiments. Among several applications in the article, we focus on theta rhythm, a prominent hippocampal oscillation associated with various behavioral correlates and use our computer model to reproduce experimental findings. Finally, we make data, code, and model available through the hippocampushub.eu portal, which also provides an extensive set of analyses of the model and a user-friendly interface to facilitate adoption and usage. This community-based model represents a valuable tool for integrating diverse experimental data and provides a foundation for further research into the complex workings of the hippocampal CA1 region.

Published
2024
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41. Olhos nos olhos? Os desafios de fidelização da Raia Drogasil por meios digitais

Author

Marcello Romani-Dias and Jorge Carneiro

Subjects
Grupo Raia Drogasil, Redes de farmácias, Digitalização, Fidelização, Estratégia, Business, HF5001-6182
Abstract

Resumo O Grupo Raia Drogasil (RD) lidera com folga o mercado nacional de redes de farmácias, com faturamento anual superior a R$ 30,9 bilhões, lucro líquido ajustado superior a R$ 991 milhões. São 2.697 farmácias distribuídas em todos os estados brasileiros, mais de 47,5 milhões de clientes ativos e 53.039 empregos diretos gerados. O grupo aposta na transformação digital para fidelizar clientes. Assim, este caso explora dilemas da Raia Drogasil referentes a um potencial paradoxo: reunir esforços para obter maior aproximação e personalização no atendimento a clientes e, ao mesmo tempo, buscar explorar oportunidades nos relacionamentos digitais. O caso tem o propósito de estimular os alunos a se colocarem no lugar do CEO do Grupo Raia Drogasil, Marcilio Pousada, bem como no de sua equipe, de forma que possam tomar decisões estratégicas para ampliar a fidelidade dos clientes da atual líder do varejo farmacêutico brasileiro. Este caso foi desenhado principalmente no âmbito de disciplinas de Marketing e Estratégia, abordando a trajetória da RD até o presente momento, bem como suas perspectivas de futuro diante da possibilidade de maior digitalização para o negócio. O presente caso pode ser trabalhado com alunos de graduação, pós-graduação e educação executiva, especialmente nas áreas de Administração e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas.

Published
2024
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42. Physicochemical attributes of honey as a measure of enhanced beekeeping in the Bois River Valley, Brazil

Author

Viviane Patrícia Romani, Maria Gláucia Dourado Furquim, José Carlos de Sousa Júnior, Silvia Sanielle Costa de Oliveira, Sihélio Júlio Silva Cruz, Alexandre Beserra dos Santos, Fernando Felipe Lima, and Daniel Emanuel Cabral de Oliveira

Subjects
Local production arrangements, legislation, honey analysis., Agriculture (General), S1-972
Abstract

ABSTRACT The Local Production Arrangement (LPA) of beekeeping in the Bois River Valley in Goiás is at an initial stage of development and requires initiatives that would contribute to its development. The Goiás state has favorable conditions for beekeeping, and, therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the quality of honey produced from different floral sources in the Bois River Valley Beekeeping LPA. Physicochemical analyses were, therefore, conducted to determine the moisture, water-insoluble solids, reducing sugars, apparent sucrose, total soluble solids, acidity, pH, diastatic activity, hydroxymethylfurfural, and color attributes of this honey. The determined values of these attributes were compared to the values recommended by the Technical Regulation of Identity and Quality of Honey (TRIQH). The results revealed significant correlations, especially between moisture and total soluble solids (r = -1.00), acidity and absorbance (r = 0.91), minerals and pH (r = 0.79), and reducing sugars and absorbance (r = -0.72). In general, the honey samples exhibited satisfactory quality, with the values of just a few samples being different from the limits established by the legislation. These results highlighted the importance of using Good Beekeeping Practices by those involved in the beekeeping production chain and honey commercialization. This initiative would contribute to strengthening the beekeeping LPA in the Bois River Valley by improving the quality of honey, ensuring higher income for beekeepers, and strengthening the regional economy.

Published
2024
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43. Human and gut microbiota synergy in a metabolically active superorganism: a cardiovascular perspective

Author

Matteo Antonio Russo, Matteo Puccetti, Claudio Costantini, Stefano Giovagnoli, Maurizio Ricci, Enrico Garaci, and Luigina Romani

Subjects
cardioimmunology, cardiovascular diseases, tryptophan, indole-3-aldehyde, Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system, RC666-701
Abstract

Despite significant advances in diagnosis and treatment over recent decades, cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Western countries. This persistent burden is partly due to the incomplete understanding of fundamental pathogenic mechanisms, which limits the effectiveness of current therapeutic interventions. In this context, recent evidence highlights the pivotal role of immuno-inflammatory activation by the gut microbiome in influencing cardiovascular disorders, potentially opening new therapeutic avenues. Indeed, while atherosclerosis has been established as a chronic inflammatory disease of the arterial wall, accumulating data suggest that immune system regulation and anti-inflammatory pathways mediated by gut microbiota metabolites play a crucial role in a range of CVDs, including heart failure, pericardial disease, arrhythmias, and cardiomyopathies. Of particular interest is the emerging understanding of how tryptophan metabolism—by both host and microbiota—converges on the Aryl hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR), a key regulator of immune homeostasis. This review seeks to enhance our understanding of the role of the immune system and inflammation in CVD, with a focus on how gut microbiome-derived tryptophan metabolites, such as indoles and their derivatives, contribute to cardioimmunopathology. By exploring these mechanisms, we aim to facilitate the development of novel, microbiome-centered strategies for combating CVD.

Published
2024
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44. Trajectories of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and their association with environmental factors

Author

Aline Romani-Sponchiado, Rodolfo Furlan Damiano, Luiza K. Axelrud, Julia Schafer, Mauricio Scopel Hoffmann, and Giovanni Abrahão Salum

Subjects
Socioemotional skills, positive mental health, personality, adversity, threat, deprivation, Psychiatry, RC435-571
Abstract

Objective: To investigate the trajectory of positive attributes from childhood to early adulthood and how these trajectories might be modified by environmental factors. Methods: We enrolled 2,511 participants aged 6 to 14 years from a large prospective school-based community cohort of Brazilian children and adolescents, 45% of whom were girls. They were assessed and followed for up to 3 years (with 80% retention) or 6 years (with 71% retention). Positive attributes were assessed by using the Youth Strength Inventory (YSI). A composite measure using several indicators was used to assess childhood exposure to threats and deprivations. Results: The trajectories of YSI scores were nonlinear for male and female participants, being high in childhood, decreasing in adolescence, and being high again in early adulthood. Exposure to threat and deprivation presented a negative linear association with YSI over time. Furthermore, exposure to threat and deprivation early in life, but not later, presented an additional effect on decreasing positive attributes during the life course. Conclusion: Our findings provide new evidence on the trajectories of positive attributes in children and adolescents and show how early life adversity affects not only mental disorders but also positive aspects of mental health.

Published
2024
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45. Acceptability of a nationwide scabies mass drug administration (MDA) program in Fiji: a qualitative interview-based studyResearch in context

Author

Elke Mitchell, Aminiasi Tavui, Sarah Andersson, Susanna Lake, Aminiasi Koroivueti, Josefa Koroivueta, Ripeka Kaurasi, Vinaisi Bechu, John Kaldor, Andrew Steer, and Lucia Romani

Subjects
Scabies, Mass drug administration, Acceptability, Fiji, Qualitative research, Neglected tropical diseases, Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Summary: Background: Fiji has among the highest global reported prevalence of scabies. Mass drug administration (MDA) has been identified as a potentially effective strategy to control scabies, but acceptability of MDA from the perspectives of people receiving and delivering scabies MDA programs remains underexplored in Fiji and globally. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted after completion of the national MDA campaign. Participants included 44 community members and 12 key informants across the Central and Western Divisions of Fiji. Semi-structured face-to-face and virtual interviews were conducted in August and September 2023. An interpretive research approach was adopted, and data were analysed using deductive and inductive techniques. Findings: We identified several barriers and facilitators to scabies MDA acceptability. Facilitators included prior experiences of scabies and knowledge of the potential health benefit of MDA, community attitudes to MDA and neighbours’ adherence practices, endorsement of MDA by community leaders, community consultation and exposure to community sensitisation, and involvement of local key informants during planning and implementation. Barriers included a lack of trust in MDA campaigns, religious beliefs, limited reach of community sensitisation, and challenges to implementing MDA in urban locations. Interpretation: This is the first qualitative study documenting acceptability of a nationwide scabies-MDA globally. It identified diverse socio-structural factors that influenced MDA implementation and acceptability. Future MDA programs could benefit from widespread community sensitisation, tailored approaches to urban and rural MDA design and delivery, and the inclusion of communities in the co-design and implementation of MDA programs. Funding: The National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) investigator grant—LR and the Macquarie Group Foundation 50th Celebration Awards–AS.

Published
2024
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46. Science Expert Basics: Here's what to know about selecting and working with science experts--and how to ensure their testimony is admitted and understood by jurors.

Author

Romani, Allyson M.

Subjects
Toxic torts -- Laws, regulations and rules, Confidential communications -- Attorneys, Evidence, Expert -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Evidence, Scientific -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Asbestos -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Health aspects, Discovery (Law) -- Laws, regulations and rules -- Management, Government regulation, Company business management
Abstract

Identifying and properly preparing a science expert witness is an integral part of many cases, particularly complex cases like toxic torts. Expert testimony in these cases is critical because it's [...]

Published
2024

47. Aluminum relaxation as the source of excess low energy events in low threshold calorimeters.

Author

Romani, Roger K.

Subjects
*ALUMINUM films, *DARK matter, *CALORIMETERS, *ALUMINUM
Abstract

A previously unexplained background called the Low Energy Excess has negatively impacted the reach of a variety of low threshold calorimeters including light dark matter direct detection and coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiments. The relaxation of stressed aluminum films as mediated by the motion of dislocations may account for these observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Antifungal Drug Usage in European Neonatal Units: A Multicenter Weekly Point Prevalence Study

Author

Chorafa, Elisavet, Iosifidis, Elias, Oletto, Andrea, Warris, Adilia, Castagnola, Elio, Bruggemann, Roger, Groll, Andreas H., Lehrnbecher, Thomas, Ferreras Antolin, Laura, Mesini, Alessio, Agakidou, Eleni, Controzzi, Tiziana, De Luca, Maia, Dimitriou, Gabriel, Emonts, Marieke, Esposito, Susanna, Fernàndez-Polo, Aurora, Ghimenton-Walters, Elisabetta, Gkentzi, Despoina, Grasa, Carlos, Hatzidaki, Eleftheria, Jõgi, Piia, Kildonaviciute, Kornelija, Kontou, Angeliki, Leibold-Aguinarte, Alessa, Manzanares, Angela, Mendoza-Palomar, Natalia, Metsvaht, Tuuli, Noni, Maria, Paulus, Stéphane, Perrone, Serafina, Rincón-López, Elena, Romani, Lorenza, Sánchez, Laura, Cetin, Benhur Sirvan, Spoulou, Vana, Strenger, Volker, Vergadi, Eleni, Villaverde, Serena, Vuerich, Marco, Zamora-Flores, Elena, Roilides, Emmanuel, Fainardi, Valentina, Ramundo, Greta, Alkhaaldi, Aisha Abdalla, Tedford, Kara, Butler, Karina, Solopova, Galina, Zsigmond, Borbala, Szekeres, Klaudia, Sarafidis, Kosmas, Sdougka, Maria, Papakonstantinou, Eugenia, Papadimitriou, Eleni, Tsikopoulos, George, Gijón, Manuel, Arias, Ana, Rojo, Pablo, González Guerrero, Alba, Herrera-Castillo, Laura, Chamorro-de-Vega, Esther, Grasa, Carlos D., Moreno-Ramos, Francisco, Baquero-Artigao, Fernando, Soler-Palacin, Pere, Melendo, Susana, Martín-Gómez, Maria Teresa, Keldorfer, Markus, Morris, Nicholas M., Perwein, Thomas, Gordon, Kathrin, Ebrahimi-Fakhari, Daniel, Masjosthusmann, Katja, Rascon, Jelena, and Kairiene, Igne

Published
2024
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