Search

In this study, the effect of some candidate's probiotics in reducing methane gas emission from feed digestion in vitro. Gas production was analyzed using a fermenter bottle with rumen fluid as an inoculant according to the Theodoru and Brooks' method. Rumen fluid from collected from two fistulated Peranakan Ongole (PO) Steers in Cibinong Science Center, Bogor. Rumen fluid was mixed with ANKOM fermentation buffer with a ratio of 1:4 in a 50 mL solution. Basal feed was 0.5g mixed ration consisting of 30% concentrate and 70% elephant grass based on dry matter (DM) content. Gas production, methane production, pH, and In Vitro True Digestibility (IVTD) were evaluated on 24 h and 48 h incubation periods. In the first experiment, Bacillus subtilis (P1), Lactobacillus plantarum (P2), new species NB4.11 (P3), Enterococcus faecalis A3-1 (P4), Enterococcus faecalis 13PS3 (P5) and combination of previous probiotics (P6) with concentration (each species) 109 CFU/mL were assayed for their mitigation effect. All the bacteria were isolated from Bali Cattle fed with oil palm by-products. The result showed there was no significant effect of probiotic addition to mitigate methane emission and feed digestibility. In experiment two, L. plantarum was chosen from experiment one and enriched with Acetobacterium woodii. The combination of L. plantarum and A. woodii showed significant prohibition action to methanogenesis as much as 18.76% compared with control treatment at 24 h incubation. The combination of L. plantarum and A. woodii are recommended as a potential probiotic to reduce greenhouse gasses in Indonesian beef cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phyllanthus niruri L. is one of the wild species originated-medicinal plant. It is widely used for various purposes, such as immunostimulant, anti-hepatotoxic, anti-HIV, anti-lithic, anti-hypertensive, and anti-hepatitis B. One of its significant phytochemicals contents is a flavonoid. Cultivation method, harvesting time, and flavonoid extraction time were estimated to have different responses on P. niruri L. flavonoid content. Therefore, this research was carried out to investigate the effect of cultivation, harvesting time, and extraction time on total flavonoid content by colorimetric method using AlCl3 reagent and to obtain the optimum harvesting time and extraction time for the highest total flavonoid content of P. niruri L. The experiment was conducted at South Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia, and designed in 3 factors of completely randomized block design with four replications. The first factor was cultivation type (seeding on an organic tray, seeding on a plastic tray, direct seeding on the field with mulch, and direct seeding on the field without mulch). The second factor was harvesting time (7, 8, and 9 Weeks After Planting-WAP), and the third factor was P. niruri L. methanol extracted time (1 hour, one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks). The results showed that the cultivation, harvesting, and extraction time significantly affected the total flavonoid content. No significant interaction was revealed in this experiment. The highest flavonoid content was shown by direct seeding on the field with mulch, harvesting time at 8 WAP, and two weeks flavonoid extraction period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]