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The aim of the study was to explore the relationships between recent changes of anhedonia or particular symptoms of recent changes of anhedonia and suicidal ideation taking into account the severity of suicidal ideations. In a group of 173 medical students, scores of the anhedonia subscale (ANH-BDI) of the BDI-II (i.e. 4 anhedonia items: loss of pleasure, loss of interest, loss of energy and loss of interest in sex) were compared between 95 subjects without suicidality, 24 subjects with life-time suicidal ideation, 28 subjects with recent suicidal ideation and 26 planners. Analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were performed referring to groups as independent variables, the cognitive-affective subscale (CA-BDI) of the BDI-II as a covariate, the ANH-BDI and each of the four anhedonia items as dependent variables. High levels of loss of interest characterized planners when compared to the other three groups. Loss of interest could be associated with recent and severe suicidal ideation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The literature shows the negative psychological impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on frontline healthcare workers. However, few are known about the mental health of physicians and nurses working in general hospitals during the outbreak, caring for patients with COVID-19 or not. Objectives: This survey assessed differences in mental health in physicians and nurses working in COVID-19 or non-COVID-19 medical care units. Design: A cross-sectional mixed-mode survey was used to assess burnout, insomnia, depression, anxiety, and stress. Setting: A total of 1,244 physicians and nurses from five general hospitals in Belgium, working in COVID-19 care units (CCU), non-COVID-19 care units (NCCU), or both (CCU + NCCU) were informed of the study. Participants: Six hundred forty-seven healthcare workers participated in the survey (response rate = 52%). Measurements: Validated instruments were used to assess the outcomes: the PFI (burnout/professional fulfillment), the ISI (insomnia), and the DASS-21 (depression, anxiety, and stress). Results: Results showed high prevalence of burnout, insomnia, depression, and anxiety among participants. After adjusting for confounders, multivariate analysis of variance showed no differences between CCU, NCCU, and CCU + NCCU workers. Univariate general linear models showed higher level of burnout, insomnia, and anxiety among nurses in comparison to physicians. Being a nurse, young, isolated, with an increased workload were risk factors for worse mental health outcomes. Limitations: The mental health of the tested sample, before the outbreak, is unknown. Moreover, this cross-sectional design provides no information on the evolution of the mental health outcomes over time. Conclusion: Directly caring for patients with COVID-19 is not associated with worse mental health outcomes among healthcare workers in general hospitals. High prevalence of burnout, insomnia, depression, and anxiety among physicians and nurses requires special attention, and specific interventions need to be implemented. Protocol Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04344145. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationships between hedonic deficits, type D personality and suicidal ideation were explored in a group of medical students. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 382 medical students filled out several questionnaires measuring suicide risk, depression (using the Beck Depression Inventory, i.e. BDI), type D personality (using the type D personality scale-14, i.e. DS-14) and anhedonia (using the anhedonia subscale of the BDI, the Snaith Hamilton Pleasure Scale, the Anticipatory and Consummatory subscales of the Physical Anhedonia Scale). Results: State anhedonia and, in particular, recent change of state anhedonia and not trait anhedonia was significantly associated with suicidal ideation, specifically when depression was controlled for. Negative affectivity component of type D personality and anhedonia were independent predictors of suicidal ideation even when depression was controlled for. Loss of pleasure and not loss of interest was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. Conclusions: Change of state anhedonia and its component of loss of pleasure measuring dissatisfaction in life could be a risk factor of suicidal ideation in medical students. Dissatisfaction, particularly in the medical course, could be a strong predictor of suicidal ideation in medical students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La Short Dark Triad (SD3) est une échelle anglophone courte évaluant trois traits de personnalité de la Dark Triad (Triade Noire : Machiavélisme, Narcissime et Psychopathie). Elle a été créée, en 2013, par Delroy L. Paulhus et son équipe (University of British Columbia , Vancouver BC, Canada). Il n'en existait pas de version francophone au début de ce travail de validation. La SD3 fut donc traduite vers le français, puis rétro-traduite vers l'anglais pour la comparer à la version originale. La poursuite de la validation se fit via un questionnaire en ligne (LimeSurvey), permettant de comparer les résultats des trois sous-échelles avec les résultats aux trois échelles (validées en français) de référence (MACH-IV-fr, NPI-fr, LSRP-fr). Pour ce faire, 787 sujets ont répondu au questionnaire en ligne. Les analyses statistiques montrent une bonne cohérence interne (n = 580 et coefficient alpha de cronbach : 0,85 sur l'échelle totale, 0,78, 0,70 et 0,69 sur les sous-échelles de Machiavélisme, de Narcissisme et de Psychopathie) et une bonne validité externe de la SD3-fr ici traduite (n = 500 et Corrélation SD3 Machia avec MACHIV-fr : 0,70 ; Corrélation SD3 Narcis avec NPI-fr : 0,74 ; Corrélation SD3 Psychopathie avec LSRP-fr : 0,67). L'analyse factorielle confirmatoire est en faveur d'un modèle à trois facteurs corrélés. La SD3-fr peut être utilisée en populations francophones. The Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale has been created by Delroy L. Paulhus and his team in 2013 (University of British Columbia, Vancouver BC, Canada). Its purpose is to provide a brief measure of three socially aversive traits known as the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy). This study aims to explore the psychometric properties of this French version of the scale and to validate this translation. The SD3 scale has been translated from English to French, then retro-translated to English again to compare it to the original version. The validation continued with an online survey (LimeSurvey) allowing to compare the results of the three sub-scales with the results of the three existing scales previously validated in French (MACH-IV-fr, NPI-fr, LSRP-fr). A total of 787 participants answered the online survey. Statistical analyzes suggest a good internal consistency (n = 580 and Cronbach's alpha coefficients: 0.85 on the full scale, 0.78, 0.70, 0.69 on the sub-scales of Machiavellianism, Narcissism and Psychopathy) and a good external validity of the SD3-fr translated in the present work (n = 500 and SD3 Machia–MACHIV-fr correlation: 0.70; SD3 Narcis – NPI-fr: 0.74; SD3 Psychopathy – LSRP-fr: 0.67). The confirmatory factor analysis suggests a three correlated factors model. This SD3-fr scale will be used in a further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The relationships between anhedonia and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts were explored in a large sample of physicians using the interpersonal psychological theory of suicide. We tested two hypotheses: firstly, that there is a significant relationship between anhedonia and suicidality and, secondly, that anhedonia could mediate the relationships between suicidal ideation or suicide attempts and thwarted belongingness or perceived burdensomeness. Methods: In a cross-sectional study, 557 physicians filled out several questionnaires measuring suicide risk, depression, using the abridged version of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-13), and demographic and job-related information. Ratings of anhedonia, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness were then extracted from the BDI-13 and the other questionnaires. Results: Significant relationships were found between anhedonia and suicidal ideation or suicide attempts, even when significant variables or covariates were taken into account and, in particular, depressive symptoms. Mediation analyses showed significant partial or complete mediations, where anhedonia mediated the relationships between suicidal ideation (lifetime or recent) and perceived burdensomeness or thwarted belongingness. For suicide attempts, complete mediation was found only between anhedonia and thwarted belongingness. When the different components of anhedonia were taken into account, dissatisfaction—not the loss of interest or work inhibition—had significant relationships with suicidal ideation, whereas work inhibition had significant relationships with suicide attempts. Conclusions: Anhedonia and its component of dissatisfaction could be a risk factor for suicidal ideation and could mediate the relationship between suicidal ideation and perceived burdensomeness or thwarted belongingness in physicians. Dissatisfaction, in particular in the workplace, may be explored as a strong predictor of suicidal ideation in physicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

L'échelle de perte spécifique de l'intérêt et du plaisir ou EPSIP (Specific Loss of Interest and Pleasure Scale, SLIPS) est une échelle anglophone créée par le Dr E. Samuel Winer et son équipe (département de psychologie, Mississippi State University) évaluant des changements récents (moins de 15 jours) en matière d'anhédonie. L'objet de l'étude est de mettre au point une version française de l'échelle et d'effectuer une première étude de validation. Un total de 108 sujets atteints d'un trouble dépressif majeur selon les critères du DSM-5 et ayant au moins un score de 12 à l'échelle de dépression de Beck (BDI-II) ont été inclus ainsi que 50 sujet sains. Les sujets remplissaient 7 échelles : la version française du SLIPS, l'échelle de plaisir de Snaith et d'Hamilton (SHAPS), l'échelle d'Expérience Temporelle du Plaisir (TEPS) évaluant le plaisir anticipatoire (TEPS-ANT) et consommatoire (TEPS-CONS), le BDI-II, la sous-échelle d'anhédonie du BDI-II (ANH-BDI) et la version courte de l'échelle d'anhédonie physique de Chapman (PAS) comprenant 26 items. La validité externe a été appréciée en déterminant la validité concourante, la validité discriminante et la validité incrémentale. La cohérence interne a été mesurée par le coefficient alpha de Cronbach et la validité interne par une analyse en composantes principales. La valeur du coefficient alpha de Cronbach était de 0,92. Les coefficients de corrélation entre le score à l'échelle SLIPS et aux échelles de référence sont tous significatifs à p < 0,05 : SLIPS et PAS : 0,57 ; SLIPS et BDI-II : 0,53 ; SLIPS et TEPS : -0,45 ; SLIPS et TEPS-ANT : -0,45 ; SLIPS et TEPS-CONS : -0,31 ; SLIPS et SHAPS : 0,52 ; SLIPS et BDI-ANH : 0,54. Les 106 déprimés étaient comparés aux 50 sujets contrôles par un test non paramétrique U de Mann et Whitney avec une moyenne de 28,15 (SD = 12,76) et 0 (SD = 0) pour les déprimés et contrôles respectivement (U = 0 ; Z = 10,09, p < 0,001). L'analyse en composantes principales a montré une structure unidimensionnelle. La version française de l'échelle SLIPS présente des paramètres métrologiques satisfaisants ce qui recommandent son utilisation notamment pour l'étude du risque suicidaire chez le déprimé. The Specific Loss of Interest and Pleasure Scale (SLIPS) has been created by Winer in 2014 to assess recent changes in anhedonia. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychometric properties of the French version of the scale. A total of 108 inpatients with a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive disorder and a score of at least 12 on the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were included in the study as well as 50 healthy subjects recruted from general population. All the subjects filled out 7 rating scales: SLIPS (23 items), The Snaith Hamiltion Pleasure Scale (SHAPS, 14 items), the Temporal Experience Pleasure Scale (TEPS, 18 items) rating the trait anticipatory (TEPS-ANT) and trait consummatory pleasure (TEPS-CONS), the BDI-II and the anhedonia subscale of the BDI-II (ANH-BDI), the short version of the Physical Anhedonia Scale (PAS). Concurrent, discriminant and incremental validities were studied as well as reliability using the Cronbach alpha coefficient. Internal validity was studied using principal components analysis. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was satisfactory (0,92) for the SLIPS. Significant correlations were observed between the SLIPS and the other anhedonia scales suggesting satisfactory concurrent validities. Significant difference between groups for the SLIPS was reported with higher scores for depressives comparatively with the controls. Principal components analysis found a one-factor solution suggesting that the SLIPS was unidimensional. The French version of the SLIPS has satisfactory validity and reliability that allow its use notably in depressives to detect the suicidal risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La théorie interpersonnelle du suicide (Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide , IPTS) a été proposée en 2005 par Joiner afin de promouvoir un modèle théorique global du comportement suicidaire. Selon cet auteur, trois facteurs de risque provoqueraient le comportement suicidaire : la perception d'être un fardeau, l'appartenance contrariée et la capacité acquise à se donner la mort. L'objet de l'article est de présenter la théorie et une synthèse des travaux. Sa pertinence sur le risque suicidaire des médecins et des étudiants en médecine est ensuite abordée et une étude originale dans un groupe de 178 étudiants en médecine est présentée. Les étudiants en médecine se répartissaient de la manière suivante selon le risque suicidaire : 95 n'ont aucun risque suicidaire (absence d'idées suicidaires, de plans suicidaires ou d'antécédents de tentative de suicide), 24 ont des idées suicidaires life-time , 28 présentent des idées suicidaires récentes, 26 des plans suicidaires actuels. Utilisant des questionnaires validés mesurant les trois dimensions et contrôlant la dépression par l'échelle de Beck ainsi que le sexe et l'âge, les résultats ont montré un niveau significativement plus élevé, d'une part, d'appartenance contrariée chez les sujets avec des plans ou des idées suicidaires récentes comparativement aux autres groupes d'étudiants et, d'autre part, du sentiment d'être un fardeau chez les sujets avec des plans suicidaires comparativement aux trois autres groupes. The current paper presents firstly the Interpersonal Psychological Theory of Suicide (IPTS) and its interest in the risk of suicide in physicians and/or medical students and secondly an original study on 178 medical students. In total, 178 medical students of the Université Libre de Bruxelles filled out an ad hoc questionnaire rating suicidal ideations (life-time), recent suicidal plans and recent suicidal ideations rated by the 9th item of the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI). The subjects completed the French version of the Interpersonal Needs Questionnaire (INQ) rating Perceived burdensomeness and Thwarted belongingness and the Acquired Capability for Suicide Scale (ACSS) as well as the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Among the 178 medical students, 95 had no suicide risk, 24 had life-time suicidal ideation, 28 had recent suicidal ideations and 26 had recent suicidal plans. The four groups were compared for gender and age as well as for the different rating scales using Chi2 tests or analyses of variance (ANOVA). The four groups had no significant differences for age, gender and scores on the ACSS. ANOVA revealed significant differences for perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness and depression. To control the potential effect of depression, analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) were done taking as covariate a subscale of the BDI-II rating the cognitive component of depression. The two ANCOVA were significant. Post hoc tests comparing two by two the different groups reported that students with recent suicidal ideations or suicidal plans have significantly higher thwarted belongingness than students without suicide risk or students with life time suicidal ideations. Moreover, higher level of perceived burdensomeness was found only in students with suicidal plans comparatively with the three other groups. High levels of thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness characterize medical students with recent suicidal ideations or suicidal plans independently of the level of depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]