Search

Lipophilic fraction (LF) of known medicinal plants are still less studied, despite the fact that they have a unique group of biological active compounds (BAC). The main active substances of LF are chlorophylls, carotenoids, tocopherols, sterols, unsaturated fatty acids, phospholipids, and other bioactive substances that exhibit a wide spectrum of pharmacological action. In this regard, a comprehensive study of advanced plant of flora of Ukraine to increase the assortments of herbal remedies is an urgent problem. The aim of this work was to obtain and chemical research of lipophilic fractions of sickle alfalfa herbs. The alfalfa herb harvested throughout the growing season in Kharkov and Poltava regions in 2011-2012. Lipophilic fraction was obtained by extraction with chloroform in a Soxhlet apparatus. Detection of carotenoids and chlorophylls by thin layer chromatography (TLC) on plates of "Silufol" in one-dimensional and two-dimensional variants, the solvent system were: hexane: acetone (6:2) - I way, hexane-acetone (6:4) - II way. Assay of the lipophilic fraction by three-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy (3DF-spectroscopy) was used for the analysis of mixtures containing fluorescent components. 3DF-spectres, that have the appearance of the surface, are characterized by a functions I = f (λexc, λem), recorded in the ultraviolet and visible ranges. Assay of the carotenoids and chlorophylls carried out by spectrophotometry. The reference solution was chloroform. Assay of fatty acids was performed by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) of methyl esters of fatty acids via chromatograph with flame ionization detector "Shimadzu GC-14B". 20.0 g crushed sickle alfalfa herbs were exhaustively extracted with chloroform in a Soxhlet apparatus for produce a lipophilic fractions. The chloroform extract was evaporated in order to remove the extractant. The percentage of lipophilic fraction in the herbs was 7.5%. Quantity of the carotenoids and chlorophylls determined by spectrophotometry was 120.57 mg/% and 197.55 mg/%, respectively. By analyzing composition of the fatty acid in the lipophilic fraction of sickle alfalfa herbs were found 13 fatty acids, 6 of which were saturated: lauric, myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, margarine and 7 - unsaturated: oleic, linoleic, α-linolenic, arachidonic, gondolic, erucic, lignoceric. Quantitatively were dominated palmitic - 34.25%, linoleic - 15.11% and α-linolenic - 17.93% acids. The total content of unsaturated fatty acids was 49.66%, what assumes F-vitamin activity of lipophilic fractions. The lipophilic fraction was first obtained of sickle alfalfa herbs. Composition and quantitative content of carotenoids (120.57 mg/%) and chlorophylls (197.55 mg/%) were detected. The percentage of lipophilic fraction was 7.5%. Assay of the fatty acids in lipophilic fractions was done by GLC. Quantitatively were dominated palmitic - 34.25%, linoleic - 15.11% and α-linolenic - 17.93% acids.

Relevance. Neutrophilic granulocytes (NG) are the first cells of the immune system to migrate to the tumor and are actively involved in the implementation of a full-fledged antitumor response through the mechanisms of direct killing of tumor cells, extracellular lysis (NET), and through the activation of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), inhibition of angiogenesis, initiation of other cells with antitumor activity. The aim of the study was to study the effect of cytokines IFN, IFN, G-CSF on the CD62L+CD63- and CD62L+CD63+ subsets and the microbicidal activity of NGs in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) in vitro. Materials and methods. We studied samples of peripheral blood (PB) of 10 patients of both sexes 38-70 years old with newly diagnosed untreated CRC stage II-III (study group) and 10 healthy volunteers (comparison group). The subsets CD62L+CD63+ NG, CD62L+CD63- NG were assessed by flow cytometry (CYTOMICS FC500, Beckman Coulter, USA), the microbicidal functions of NG were tested by cytochemical methods: activity of NADPH - oxidases, myeloperoxidase (MP), level of cationic protein (CP) in spontaneous tests and under additional stress of S. aureus . The effect of IFN, IFN, G-CSF cytokines on subsets and the microbicidal activity of NG in vitro was studied in both study groups. Microsoft Exel 2016 and StatPlus 2010 were used for statistical processing of the obtained data using nonparametric tests: Me (Q1; Q3), Mann-Whitney U-test and Wilcoxon test . Results . The features of transformation of CD62L+ CD63-NG and CD62L+ CD63+ NG subsets of PB in CRC have been established, that allows to get an idea of the NG ability to roll and readiness to activate the microbicidal arsenal, various defects of spontaneous and induced microbicidal activity of oxygendependent and oxygen-independent mechanisms of NG. The effects of cytokine influence on NG in CRC in vitro have been shown, which indicates the possibility of regulating the receptor and microbicidal functions of NG, and, on the other hand, suggests defects in NG perception of regulatory stimuli, that is confirmed by the progression of tumor growth.

Relevance. In recent years, there has been a steady increase in the incidence of children morbidity, in the structure of which infectious pathology occupies a leading position. The development of minimal persistent inflammation of the upper respiratory tract mucosa is the basis for the persistence of microflora, the entrance gate for allergens and irritants, and creates conditions for the timing of the inflammation. The aim of the study: based on the study of the features of the immune system and interferon system in immunocompromised children of early age suffering from co-infections: return ARVI associated with atypical chronic herpes virus infections, to develop a new program of local and systemic interferon therapy and evaluate its effectiveness. Materials and methods: We observed 30 children aged 1-4 years, 16 boys and 14 girls suffering from recurrent ARVI associated with various atypical chronic active herpes virus infections (ACHA-HVI) (HSV I/II, EBV, CMV, HHV VI). The comparison group was 20 conditionally healthy children, comparable by sex and age. We used clinical and immunological methods: ELISA, PCR, cytofluorimetry. Results: A clinical and anamnestic investigation showed that young children had clinical features of immunocomprometization: a high rate of recurrent ARVI of 10-15 or more episodes per year, and the duration of these episodes ranged from 7 to 12 days, while in 100 % of cases there were recurrent monoand/or mixed ACHA-HVI. A study of the state of the immune system and the interferon system showed that children of the study group were deficient in T cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer cells, serum IFN, serum IgA, and various disorders of neutrophil granulocytes (NG). A new immunopathogenetically based program of local and systemic therapy with recombinant IFN2b in combination with antioxidants has been developed. This program demonstrated a high clinical-immunological effectiveness, providing in a significant reduction of ARVI episode rates, a reduction in the duration of IRVI, as well as the number of complicated ARVI, a decrease in the replicative activity of herpes viruses in a field of restoration of the interferon system, a significant improvement of antiviral and antibacterial immune response. Conclusions: A new immunopathogenetically based program of systemic and local IFNtherapy for immunocompromised young children has been created. The high clinical-immunological effectiveness and immunoprophylactic orientation of the developed local and systemic program of interferonotherapy have been demonstrated.

The lead dioxide electrodeposition (LDE) from nitrate electrolytes is studied by the rotating disk electrode, cyclic voltammetry, and electrode impedance methods. A four-stage kinetic scheme of the LDE reaction is proposed: (1) the electron transfer and generation of oxygen-containing species on the electrode surface; (2) the species interact with lead ions, forming an oxygen-containing intermediate product of Pb(III) of the type Pb(OH)2+, which is not fixed on the electrode surface; (3) the product is oxidized, with the transfer of the second electron, forming compounds of Pb(IV) associated with oxygen (of the type Pb(OH)2+2); and (4) the latter decomposes via a chemical mechanism to form PbO2. The rate-determining stage of the LDE process is essentially dependent on the potential and state of the electrode surface, concentration of Pb(II) ions in solution, and hydrodynamic conditions of experiment. The proposed scheme explains within a unified mechanism of the LDE reaction all the experimental data obtained both in this work and in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]