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Cryptosporidiosis is a major diarrheal disease with high mortality, primarily in young animals, and a zoonotic risk of infection. The molecular epidemiology patterns of Cryptosporidium isolates are still poorly understood in Egypt and other developing countries. The goal of this research was to better understand the genetic diversity of Cryptosporidium isolates in pre-weaned cattle calves in Egypt's Al- Sharkia governorate by examining the hemo-biochemical changes in infected calves. We used 100 diarrheal faecal samples to detect the presence of Cryptosporidium oocysts by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining. Twenty-two of the positive samples after staining were further verified using PCR targeting the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene. We found that Cryptosporidium. Parvum (C. parvum) was the sole species identified using the polymorphic 60 kDa glycoprotein gene (GP60) locus. Sequencing GP60 locus samples revealed dominant circulation for subtype IIa of C. parvum in calves, unlike most previously reported sequences in Egypt. These sequences were 100% like those in Latin America (Brazil, KT948746 EPC30). Egypt imports cattle calves from Latin America, mainly Brazil, to overcome the deficiency in meat production, so it is more likely that the C. parvum sequences circulating in Egypt appear to be from different origins. Red Blood Cells (RBCs), Hemoglobin (Hb), Mean Corpuscular Hb (MCH), lymphocytes, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) values were all significantly diminished in the infected calves than in the healthy ones, while Packed Cell Volume (PCV) and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), neutrophil, eosinophil and monocytic percentages, Aspartate (Asp), and Glutamate Decarboxylase (GAD) values increased. Our study for the first time identified the presence of C. parvum isolates and changes in hemato-biochemical conditions in pre-weaned cattle calves in Al-Sharkia governorate, which may address the potential role of imported livestock in disease transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine mastitis, a growing issue in dairy farms, with Klebsiella species being associated with severe mastitis. This study was designed to evaluate the prevalence, biochemical changes, antibiogram susceptibility profile, and biofilm-producing capacity of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from Holstein cows with clinical mastitis at a private farm in Alexandria, Egypt. The overall isolation rate of Klebsiella species was 28%, which was further characterized by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the 16S-23S internal transcribed spacer gene as K. pneumoniae. Clinical mastitis significantly impacted milk composition and blood biochemistry, causing a decline in milk composition, reduction of antioxidant capacity, and increased enzymatic levels compared to normal controls. K. pneumoniae isolates showed 100% resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, followed by resistance rates of 57, 43 and 43% to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole--trimethoprim, respectively, while ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone showed complete susceptibility. The study found that all K. pneumoniae strains expressed the fimA, mrkA, and mrkD fimbrial genes, and the ecpA gene. The study highlights the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant and biofilm-producing K. pneumoniae strains in bovine clinical mastitis, emphasizing the need for improved antimicrobial usage and antibiofilm approaches to overcome the poor treatment response, as well as measuring antioxidant level and enzymatic activity in milk improved milk health screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a severe condition distinguished by inflammation and impaired gas exchange in the lungs. Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium, can cause ALI through its virulence factors. Aloe vera is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used to treat a variety of illnesses due to its anti-inflammatory properties. Chitosan nanoparticles are biocompatible and totally biodegradable materials that have shown potential in drug delivery systems. Aim: To explore the antibacterial activity of Aloe vera-loaded chitosan nanoparticles (AV-CS-NPs) against S. aureus in vitro and in vivo with advanced techniques. Methods: The antibacterial efficacy of AV-CS-NPs was evaluated through a broth microdilution assay. In addition, the impact of AV-CS-NPs on S. aureus-induced ALI in rats was examined by analyzing the expression of genes linked to inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Furthermore, rat lung tissue was scanned histologically. The rats were divided into three groups: control, ALI, and treatment with AV-CS-NPs. Results: The AV-CS-NPs that were prepared exhibited clustered semispherical and spherical forms, having an average particle size of approximately 60 nm. These nanoparticles displayed a diverse structure with an uneven distribution of particle sizes. The maximum entrapment efficiency of 95.5% ± 1.25% was achieved. The obtained findings revealed that The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values were determined to be 5 and 10 ug/ml, respectively, indicating the potent bactericidal effect of the NPs. Also, S. aureus infected rats explored upregulation in the mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 compared to healthy control groups. AV-CS-NP treatment reverses the case where there was repression in mRNA expression of TLR2 and TLR4 compared to S. aureus-treated rats. Conclusion: These NPs can serve as potential candidates for the development of alternative antimicrobial agents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by an intracellular facultative microorganism termed Brucella spp. Control of brucellosis depends on test and slaughter policy as well as vaccination programs. Aim: Estimation of the cell-mediated immunity (CMI) [total leukocytic count (TLC), phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α)] in camels after vaccination with RB51 using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: A total of eight camels were grouped into two groups as follows: group (A): vaccinated with RB51 vaccine [1 dose/2 ml S/C (3 × 1010 CFU)] and group (B): control group. IL-6 and TNF-α were used for estimation of the CMI using real-time PCR on serum samples that were collected at 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, and 60 days after vaccination from each group. In addition, TLC, phagocytic activity, and phagocytic index were evaluated on heparinized blood samples at 0 and 60 days post-vaccination. Results: RB51 vaccine provides a protective immune response which progressively increases from the first week to 60 days after vaccination. Moreover, the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 differed between camels in the vaccinated group. Conclusion: Vaccination of camels with RB51 vaccine (with dose 3 × 1010 CFU) could induce good protective immune responses and this immunological response will be a good indication for a safe field vaccine that can be used for the control of camel brucellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Small ruminants have a socioeconomic impact on Egypt’s production of meat, milk, and wool. Hence, every effort should be taken to prevent infections. Aim: To elucidate the prevalence and serogrouping of Escherichia coli (E. coli) strains from diarrheic lambs and kids, determine their antibiotic susceptibility and associated risk factors affecting the occurrence of the disease, and establish the most common virulence genes marker and major antimicrobial resistance genes. Methods: A total of 150 diarrheic animals (95 lambs and 55 kids) at different ages and seasons were subjected to clinical examination. Rectal swabs were collected from 150 diarrheic animals for isolation and biochemical identification of E. coli. Results: The bacteriological examination revealed that 62/95 lambs and 26/55 kids with percentages of 65% and 47%, respectively, showed infection with E. coli. Serotyping of 88 isolates of E. coli revealed the strains belonging to O2(8), O55(17), O84(5), O17(4), O6(8), O91(17), O26(9), O103(5), O126(5), O124(6), and O159(4). A total of 21 isolates were examined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction assay for detection of virulence and resistance genes. All examined isolates possessed a combination between intimin gene and heat-stable toxin (100%), the serine protease (pic) gene on 8/21 isolates of O55, O2, O6 (38%), and α-hemolysin gene on 8/21 isolates of O26, O91(38%) while adherent invasive gene (invA) gene on 3/21 isolates of O124, O159 (14%) which divided diarrheagenic E. coli into four types assigned to be atypical enteropathogenic E. coli (48%), atypical enterohemorrhagic E. coli 35%), atypical enterotoxigenic E. coli (6%), and atypical enteroinvasive E. coli (11%). On the other hand, the results of antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed high resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline (100%) and amoxicillin/ clavulanic acid (92%) but were highly sensitive to gentamicin, imipenem, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, and amikacin (100%). Concerning to ß lactams antibiotic resistance genes of examined isolates had blaSHV (100%) and blaCTX-M (43%). For tetracycline, we detected the tetA in all examined isolates. Conclusion: The wide spread of atypical E. coli strains among diarrheic lambs and kids with marked resistance to several antibiotics of interest and the detection of major resistance genes assess the potential risk of this pathogen to animal and public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main object of this paper is to deduce the bibasic Humbert functions Ξ1 and Ξ2 Some interesting results and elementary summations technique that was successfully employed, q–recursion, q–derivatives relations, the q–differential recursion relations, the q–integral representations for Ξ1 and Ξ2 are given. The summation formula derives a list of p–analogues of transformation formulas for bibasic Humbert functions that have been studied, also some hypergeometric functions properties of some new interesting special cases have been given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we derive some classical and fractional properties of the r R s matrix function by using the Hilfer fractional operator. The theory of special matrix functions is the theory of those matrices that correspond to special matrix functions such as the gamma, beta, and Gauss hypergeometric matrix functions. We will also show the relationship with other generalized special matrix functions in the context of the Konhauser and Laguerre matrix polynomials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to present some new contraction mappings via control functions. In addition, some fixed point results for Θ , α , θ , Ψ contraction, rational Θ , α , θ , Ψ contraction and almost Θ , α , θ , Ψ contraction mappings are obtained. Moreover, under contraction mappings of types (I), (II), and (III) of Θ , θ , Ψ υ 0 , several fixed circle solutions are provided in the setting of a G-Metric space. Our results extend, unify, and generalize many previously published papers in this direction. In addition, some examples to show the reliability of our results are presented. Finally, a supporting application that discusses the possibility of a solution to a nonlinear integral equation is incorporated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by recent investigations, the main object of this paper is to construct the new (p, q)-analogy definitions of the various families of (p, q)-Bessel functions using the generating function method as a starting point. We derive the explicit representations, especially differential recurrence relations and these classes results of the (p, q)-Bessel functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We define the Exton's triple hypergeometric function X2 of matrix arguments and establish some integral representations for this function which generalize the corresponding results of Choi, Hasanov and Turaev (Choi, Junesang, Hasanov, Anvar and Turaev, Mamasali, Certain integral representations of Euler type for the Exton function X2, J. Korean Soc. Math. Educ. Ser. B: Pure Appl. Math., 17(4), (2010), 347-354) for the matrix arguments case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our goal in this article is to characterize the boundedness and the compactness of the product of the superposition operator followed by the differentiation operator DSϕ from the H∞ space to the Zygmund space. Moreover, we give the necessary and sufficient conditions for the DSϕ operator from the H∞ space to the Zygmund space to be bounded and compact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this present paper is to investigate a new of interesting generating matrix relation for Legendre matrix polynomials with the help of a Lie group-theoretic method. Certain properties are well known but some of them are believed to be novel families of matrix differential recurrence relations and generating matrix functions for these matrix polynomials. Special cases of new results are also given here as applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this study is to develop a pair of Lommel matrix functions suggested by the hypergeometric matrix functions and some of their properties are studied. Some properties of the hypergeometric and Bessel matrix functions are obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main object of the present paper is to construct new p , q -analogy definitions of various families of p , q -Humbert functions using the generating function method as a starting point. This study shows a class of several results of p , q -Humbert functions with the help of the generating functions such as explicit representations and recurrence relations, especially differential recurrence relations, and prove some of their significant properties of these functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is motivated by an open problem of inequalities of confluent hypergeometric functions. Our goal is to derive some inequalities for error, incomplete gamma and Whittaker's functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose to define the Horn's double hypergeometric functions H3 and H4 of matrix arguments and deduce some integral representations for these two functions. Utilizing the first author's definitions (Upadhyaya, Lalit Mohan and Dhami, H.S., Matrix generalizations of multiple hypergeometric functions; #1818, Nov.2001, IMA Preprint Series, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, U.S.A. (Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://hdl.handle.net/11299/3706); Upadhyaya, Lalit Mohan, Matrix Generalizations of Multiple Hypergeometric Functions by Using Mathai's Matrix Transform Techniques (Ph.D. Thesis, Kumaun University, Nainital, Uttarakhand, India), #1943, Nov. 2003, IMA Preprint Series, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, U.S.A. (https://www.ima.umn.edu/sites/default/files/1943.pdf http://www.ima.umn.edu/preprints/abstracts/1943ab.pdfhttp://www.ima.umn.edu/preprints/nov2003/1943.pdf http://hdl.handle.net/11299/3955 https://zbmath.org/?q=an:1254.33008 http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.192.2172\&rank=52). (Retrieved from the University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy, http://hdl.handle. net/11299/3955)) of the Srivastava's triple hypergeometric functions HA and HB of matrix arguments, we further establish a number of integral representations for these two Srivastava's triple hypergeometric functions, which generalize some of the recent results of Choi, Hasanov and Turaev (Choi, Junesang, Hasanov, Anvar and Turaev, Mamasali, Integral representations for Srivastava's hypergeometric function HB, J. Korean Soc. Math. Educ. Ser. B: Pure Appl. Math., Vol. 19, No. 2 (May 2012), (2012), 137-145: http://dx.doi.org/10.7468/jksmeb.2012.19.2.137; Choi, Junesang, Hasanov, Anvar and Turaev, Mamasali, Integral representations for Srivastava's hypergeometric function HA, Honam Mathematical J., Vol. 34, No. 1, (2012), 113-124: http://dx.doi.org/10.5831/HMJ.2012.34.1.113; Choi, Junesang, Hasanov, Anvar and Turaev, Mamasali, Decomposition formulas and integral representations for some Exton hypergeometric functions, Journal of the Chungcheong Mathematical Society., Vol. 24, No. 4 (December 2011), (2011), 745-758) for these two of the Horn's double and the Srivastava's triple hypergeometric functions. For proving our results for these functions of matrix arguments we invoke the Mathai's matrix transform technique for real symmetric positive definite matrices as arguments. We conclude by stating the corresponding parallel results for these Horn's double and the Srivastava's triple hypergeometric functions, when their argument matrices are complex Hermitian positive definite, with the remark that these parallel results can be easily proved by following our given lines of proofs and by employing the corresponding known results available in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to construct new analogous definitions of the families of Humbert functions using the generating function method as the starting point. We study a class of various results in the family of Humbert functions with the help of the families of generating functions, explicit representations, especially differential recurrence relations and study some of the significant properties of this family of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the necessary and sufficient conditions for a composition operator CÁ to be bounded and compact from B® ! to QK,!(p, q). Moreover, the necessary and sufficient condition for CÁ from the Dirichlet space D to the space QK,!(p, q) to be compact is also given in terms of the map f. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, some new and known finite sums, operational formulas and generating matrix relations for Konhauser matrix polynomials of the second kind are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of this work is to give a different approach to the proof of some properties for Ultraspherical matrix polynomials (UMPs). We obtain the connections between Laguerre, Hermite and Ultraspherical matrix polynomials. Some definitions of new families of Ultraspherical matrix polynomials are given. Finally, various families of linear, bilinear and bilateral generating matrix functions (GMFs) for UMPs are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the study of the associated Chebyshev matrix polynomials. Associated matrix polynomials with the Chebyshev matrix polynomials are defined here. Some properties of the associated Chebyshev matrix polynomials are obtained here. Further, we prove that the associated Chebyshev matrix polynomials satisfy a matrix differential equation of the second order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]