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Purpose: Monitoring player readiness to train and perform is an important practical concept in football. Despite an abundance of research in this area in the male game, to date, research is limited in female football. The aims of this study were, first, to summarize the current literature on the monitoring of readiness in female football; second, to summarize the current evidence regarding the monitoring of the menstrual cycle and its potential impact on physical preparation and performance in female footballers; and third, to offer practical recommendations based on the current evidence for practitioners working with female football players. Conclusions: Practitioners should include both objective (eg, heart rate and countermovement jump) and subjective measures (eg, athlete-reported outcome measures) in their monitoring practices. This would allow them to have a better picture of female players' readiness. Practitioners should assess the reliability of their monitoring (objective and subjective) tools before adopting them with their players. The use of athlete-reported outcome measures could play a key role in contexts where technology is not available (eg, in semiprofessional and amateur clubs); however, practitioners need to be aware that many single-item athlete-reported outcome measures instruments have not been properly validated. Finally, tracking the menstrual cycle can identify menstrual dysfunction (eg, infrequent or irregular menstruation) that can indicate a state of low energy availability or an underlying gynecological issue, both of which warrant further investigation by medical practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that individuals who experience prolonged exposure to stress may be at higher risk for developing psychological stress disorders. Currently, psychological stress is primarily evaluated by professional physicians using rating scales, which may be prone to subjective biases and limitations of the scales. Therefore, it is imperative to explore more objective, accurate, and efficient biomarkers for evaluating the level of psychological stress in an individual. In this study, we utilized 4D data-independent acquisition (4D-DIA) proteomics for quantitative protein analysis, and then employed support vector machine (SVM) combined with SHAP interpretation algorithm to identify potential biomarkers for psychological stress levels. Biomarkers validation was subsequently achieved through machine learning classification and a substantial amount of a priori knowledge derived from the knowledge graph. We performed cross-validation of the biomarkers using two batches of data, and the results showed that the combination of Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase and Fibronectin yielded an average area under the curve (AUC) of 92%, an average accuracy of 86%, an average F1 score of 79%, and an average sensitivity of 83%. Therefore, this combination may represent a potential approach for detecting stress levels to prevent psychological stress disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been extensive, disproportionately affecting various vulnerable populations. In addition to traditional vulnerable groups (TVGs) such as the elderly, women, people with lower education, disabled individuals, and low-income groups, new vulnerable groups (NVGs) have emerged, including essential workers, face-to-face workers, temporary workers, and the self-employed. This study focuses on exploring the economic and psychological effects of the pandemic on both traditional and newly recognized vulnerable groups within Korea. Methods: The study employed multiple logistic regression using micro-level social survey data from Statistics Korea to calculate the odds ratio relating to two categories of vulnerable groups and their economic and mental health impacts. Additionally, through interaction term analysis, we tried to uncover the complex interrelationship between these non-vulnerable groups and target vulnerable groups. Results: Both the newly identified and traditional vulnerable groups showed higher likelihood of facing economic and mental health challenges compared to non-vulnerable groups. The likelihood of encountering a decrease in income and work-related stress was 2.17 times higher (95% CI = 1.90–2.47) for NVGs, while those belonging to TVGs had a 1.75-fold increase (95% CI = 1.47–2.08). Moreover, female self-employed workers faced higher overall stress at 1.36 times greater risk (95% CI = 1.08–1.71), whereas elderly individuals who are self-employed exhibited lower odds of experiencing such stress at the intersection between TVGs and NVGs. Conclusion: This research offers in-depth understanding of the diverse impacts of COVID-19 on at-risk groups. Furthermore, examinations that take into account interactions between NVGs and TVGs uncovered subtle effects within subgroup dynamics, suggesting that intersecting factors play a role in different levels of vulnerability. This provides valuable evidence for informing policy decisions and allocating resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Academic stress is prevalent among final-year students, with thesis preparation being a significant source of this stress. Coping are essential as they effectively represent the body’s conscious adaptive responses to reduce stress through self-adaptation. This research determines the relationship between coping and stress levels in students from the class of 2020 at the Faculty of Medicine, Palangka Raya University, during their thesis preparation. Methods: The study employs a quantitative analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. Simple random sampling was utilized for participant selection. The research instruments comprised coping questionnaires and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10). Data were analyzed using Charles Spearman’s correlation analysis with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Out of all 96 respondents, 49 individuals (51%) had good coping skills, and 80 individuals (83.3%) experienced moderate stress levels. Notably, among the 49 participants exhibiting good coping, a majority (42 individuals or 85.71%) experienced moderate stress levels. The Charles Spearman test findings revealed a significant value of 0,013 (p < 0.05) with a weak correlation and the opposite direction (r = -0.252). Conclusion: There is a significant relationship between coping and stress levels in students from the class of 2020 at the Faculty of Medicine, Palangka Raya University, during their thesis preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Gastritis, a significant public health concern worldwide, involves inflammation or irritation of the gastric mucosa. This condition is influenced by various factors such as health behaviors, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, living conditions, and habits. It can be acute, chronic, or severe and is often associated with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection. Contributing factors to gastritis include smoking, alcohol consumption, spicy foods, medications, stress, and infections. In India, the prevalence of gastritis is notable, with recent studies indicating a high incidence of H. pylori infection. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and contributing factors of gastritis among patients in a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: A descriptive, observational, noninterventional study was conducted with 150 subjects aged 14-65 years diagnosed with gastritis at MKCG Medical College and Hospital, Berhampur. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire covering socio-demographic details, dietary habits, economic status, family history, stress levels, drug use, and medical history. Ethical approval was obtained, and written consent was provided by each participant. Results: Out of 150 subjects, 73% were male and 27% female, indicating a male predominance. The age groups 14-25 and 36-45 years had the highest prevalence. A significant proportion (75%) had a mixed diet, and 54% were alcoholics, predominantly males. Urban residents (68%) exhibited a higher incidence of gastritis. Blood group A Rh+ was predominant (46%), and 6% were hypertensive. Spicy food consumption (73%) and frequent NSAID use (61%) were notable risk factors. High stress levels were reported by 47% of the participants. Associations were found between gastritis and psychological stress, menstrual history, sleeping patterns, and educational levels. Discussion: Gastritis prevalence is influenced by male gender, urban residence, alcohol consumption, spicy food intake, and frequent NSAID use. The findings highlight the importance of targeted interventions to address these risk factors. Physical labor, particularly among males, and stress are significant contributors. The study underscores the need for preventive strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications and stress management to reduce gastritis incidence. Conclusion: This study provides a comprehensive overview of the prevalence and contributing factors of gastritis in the hospital. Males, urban residents, and individuals consuming spicy food and alcohol are at higher risk. The findings call for public health initiatives to address these risk factors through education, lifestyle changes, and stress reduction programs. Future research should explore tailored preventive strategies to mitigate the burden of gastritis in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between anxiety symptoms and stress among adolescents has received considerable attention in psychological research. Nonetheless, traditional studies predominantly employ a variable-centered approach, overlooking the potential existence of distinct subgroups within the adolescent population that exhibit unique patterns of anxiety and stress. This study aimed to uncover such subgroupings among Chinese adolescents through latent profile analysis (LPA), utilizing the Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC) and the Adolescent Life Events Questionnaire (ALEQ). The sample comprised 1,027 students aged 14-19 years (M = 16.26, SD= 0.90) from two middle schools in China. The analysis revealed a three-class solution as the most fitting model, delineating subgroups with Low stress/Low symptoms (51.6%), Low stress/High symptoms (37.2%), and High stress/Low symptoms (11.2%). Subsequent multinomial logistic regression analyses explored the associations between subgroup membership and various demographic and psychological factors, including gender, age, residential background, depression levels, family income, and parents' marital status and educational levels. The findings indicated a higher prevalence of girls in the "Low stress/High symptom" group and boys in the "High stress/Low symptom" group. Moreover, adolescents from urban areas were more likely to fall into the "High stress/Low symptoms" group, and a strong correlation was observed between higher levels of depression and increased stress or anxiety. These results underscore the importance of incorporating assessments of stress and anxiety into the clinical evaluation of adolescents to enhance the efficacy of psychotherapeutic and preventive interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Military personnel suffer from stress‐induced temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD). No previous studies have evaluated the oral habits and TMD in military personnel based on their stress levels. Objectives: To examine the correlation between oral habits and TMD based on stress levels. In addition, we assessed the relationship between stress levels and TMD by military rank as well as the impact of oral habits on TMD. Method: This cross‐sectional survey included 89 military personnel who visited the Armed Forces Medical Center in Korea with discomfort in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) discomfort. Oral habits, stress level, TMD and general characteristics of the subjects were investigated. A questionnaire was distributed to the subjects who agreed to the study, and they were asked to respond in a self‐written form. Multiple linear regression analysis was performed to examine the factors that affect oral habits and TMJ symptoms. Results: Stress scores and oral habits were highest in the 'Private' rank. In contrast, temporomandibular joint symptoms were highest in the 'Corporal' rank. Additionally, the high‐risk stress group exhibited higher scores in oral habits and TMD compared to the potential stress group. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between an increase in high‐risk stress scores and a rise in oral habits. And individuals with more oral habits are at an increased likelihood of experiencing TMD. Conclusion: Our study findings suggest that military personnel with prevent TMD and improve oral habits by addressing stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Habitat loss, fragmentation, and degradation of habitats are among the most pervasive impacts on species persistence. Mammals may vary in their response to these impacts, both in abundance and in physiological parameters. Herein, we verified how habitat quality influenced the small mammal nutritional status and stress levels among five semi‐deciduous forest remnants in the Brazilian Cerrado. To assess species' physiological responses, we used body condition as an indicator of nutritional status and neutrophil/lymphocyte (N/L) ratio as an indicator of chronic stress in Gracilinanus agilis and Rhipidomys macrurus. We sampled 264 animals belonging to the following species: G. agilis, Didelphis albiventris, Akodon montensis, Oligoryzomys spp., Rattus rattus, R. macrurus, Oecomys cleberi, Hylaeamys megacephalus, and three unidentified rodent species. We found no negative effect of reduced habitat quality on the body condition of G. agilis and R. macrurus, however, the N/L ratios of these species were lower only in high‐quality habitats, demonstrating that this parameter is an accurate indicator of chronic stress. Based on preliminary analysis, we also reported an impoverished fauna, mainly dominated by generalist species, in low‐quality habitats. Thus, we conclude that short‐term reduction in habitat quality leads to increased stress levels, which can in turn lead to future population declines and culminate in biotic homogenization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study looks into pharmaceutical employees' intentions to telecommute following the pandemic, with an emphasis on their current work experiences. The expectation-confirmation hypothesis proposes that a variety of factors influence the decision to continue telecommuting. These aspects include the frequency of telecommuting, the quality of technological support provided, productivity perception, stress levels, intention to continue telecommuting in the digital workplace, job satisfaction, and work-life balance. To determine the effect of worklife balance on employees' sustained preference for telecommuting, the study examined the integration of worklife balance into the expectation confirmation theory. To test the proposed paradigm, 260 employees from the Indian pharmaceutical business were surveyed. The findings supported the notion that characteristics such as work-life balance, contentment, confirmation of expectations, and perceived usefulness influence employees' willingness to continue telecommuting beyond the epidemic. This study adds to the current body of information by identifying a link between work-life harmony and employee behavior in the pharmaceutical business, building on work-life balance literature. This study could provide crucial insights for firms considering the implementation of hybrid work environments. Based on the study's findings, hybrid work models can be developed and changed to reflect the uncertain nature of the growing workplace. It is critical to ensure the well-being of employees and to aid enterprises in running their operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A two-year longitudinal study examining the association between intrinsic motivation, academic demands, and stress in collegiate athletes uses a mixed-methods design that pairs quantitative data from biannual surveys with qualitative responses in annual semi-structured interviews. Participants: A stratified random sample of 200 collegiate athletes from five universities was chosen based on year in school, sport, and gender to be as diverse as a sample of interest groups. Quantitative measures consisted of the Intrinsic Motivation Inventory (IMI), Academic Demands Questionnaire (ADQ), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), while qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Researchers found that stress levels were much lower in athletes who demonstrated high motivation despite increased academic demands. The institutional review boards approved the study, which complies with the specifications of ethical considerations, including informed consent and confidentiality. The results relate to targeted interventions designed to assist athletes in coping with academic demands and restoring intrinsic motivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the relationship between cognitive jealousy and stress levels in emerging adulthood individuals who are in romantic relationships. Lazarus & Folkman's theory and Pfeiffer and Wong's theory are used as a framework for understanding how cognitive jealousy can influence stress levels. The research method used is quantitative with a correlational approach. Data was collected through an online survey using an adapted questionnaire of the Multidimensional Jealousy Scale (MJS) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The results of data analysis show that there is a relationship between cognitive jealousy and stress levels in 290 participants. These findings highlight the importance of awareness of the emotional impact of romantic relationships in emerging adulthood individuals. The research results show that there is a significant and directly proportional relationship between cognitive jealousy and stress levels in emerging adults who are in a romantic relationship. This means that the higher the level of cognitive jealousy experienced by emerging adulthood individuals who are in a romantic relationship, the higher the level of stress experienced by the individual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, cluster analyses are widely used in mental health research to categorize student stress levels. However, conventional clustering methods experience challenges with large datasets and complex issues, such as converging to local optima and sensitivity to initial random states. To address these limitations, this research work introduces an Improved Grey Wolf Clustering Algorithm (iGWCA). This improved approach aims to adjust the convergence rate and mitigate the risk of being trapped in local optima. The iGWCA algorithm provides a balanced technique for exploration and exploitation phases, alongside a local search mechanism around the optimal solution. To assess its efficiency, the proposed algorithm is verified on two different datasets. The dataset-I comprises 1100 individuals obtained from the Kaggle database, while dataset-II is based on 824 individuals obtained from the Mendeley database. The results demonstrate the competence of iGWCA in classifying student stress levels. The algorithm outperforms other methods in terms of lower intra-cluster distances, obtaining a reduction rate of 1.48% compared to Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), 8.69% compared to Mayfly Optimization (MOA), 8.45% compared to the Firefly Algorithm (FFO), 2.45% Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 3.65%, Hybrid Sine Cosine with Cuckoo search (HSCCS), 8.20%, Hybrid Firefly and Genetic Algorithm (FAGA) and 8.68% Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in minimizing intra-cluster distances, making it a better choice for student stress classification. This research contributes to the advancement of understanding and managing student well-being within academic communities by providing a robust tool for stress level classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Annali di Igiene, Medicina Preventiva e di Comunità is the property of Societa Editrice Universo s.r.l. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The impact of the semester system on students' academic performance in higher education has garnered significant interest due to its potential implications for student outcomes. This study aims to develop and validate the Semester System Academic Performance Survey (SSAPS) to measure various dimensions influencing academic performance under the semester system. The SSAPS initially comprised 50 items categorized into four factors: Student Engagement, Academic Performance, Stress Levels, and Time Management Skills. Expert opinions were solicited from 14 experts, resulting in the removal of 17 items due to poor content validity (CVR < 0.45). Data were collected via a Google Form distributed through WhatsApp groups to university students. Exploratory factor analysis using varimax rotation validated the scale. The KMO measure was 0.748, and Bartlett's test was significant (p < 0.001). The Cronbach’s alpha for the instrument was 0.902, indicating high reliability. These results demonstrate that the SSAPS is a robust tool for assessing the impacts of the semester system, paving the way for more targeted academic interventions. Future studies could utilize this validated survey to explore the longitudinal effects on student performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Female students are being admitted to institutions at a higher rate than ever before, but they are also experiencing a variety of stress levels. The primary goal of the study was to investigate female university students' stress levels, its causes and also to investigate the impact of stress on various levels of their life. Furthermore, the aim of study was to investigate the female students' family stress and its sources in university life by conducting a thorough evaluation of stressors and their effects. All female undergraduate students of the first and final semesters from the faculty of social sciences were part of the population. More than 75% of students in the faculty of Social Sciences were females. The sample consisted of 350 female students, 50 were selected randomly from each of seven departments. A self-developed questionnaire was verified by five experts and pilot tested on 100 students, with a Cronbach Alpha reliability rate of 82. The data was collected personally, and the response rate was 92%. To examine the data, t-test, mean, standard deviations, and frequencies were used. The study found that while most female university students experienced modest levels of stress, a significant minority experienced moderate to high levels. Additionally, urban female students reported higher levels of stress than their rural counterparts. It is recommended that department heads should establish counseling services and peer support networks for anxious female students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding beliefs about corporal punishment is crucial, as evidence suggests that positive beliefs in its effectiveness predict its use. High parental stress, especially in those valuing corporal punishment, increases the potential for child abuse. Factors such as having many children or low education and socioeconomic status contribute to parental tensions, leading to the use of corporal punishment for behavior correction. We posit that the accumulation of such variables results in heightened stress levels. Our focus aimed to determine the moderating role of stress levels among parental beliefs about corporal punishment and its reported use through quantitative research. In our study, 853 Colombian parents of low, middle, and high socioeconomic status, and from four different regions of Colombia, with children aged 0 to 17 participated. They provided information about their beliefs on corporal punishment, using the Beliefs and Punishment Scale. Correlations indicated that older parents with better socioeconomic status were less inclined to believe that strictness improves children. Regressions suggested that increased belief in corporal punishment modifying behavior, along with higher parental stress, increases corporal punishment use. Moderation models highlighted that when more stressors were present, corporal punishment was used due to stress rather than parental beliefs. Ultimately, stress emerged as a crucial factor influencing corporal punishment use among Colombian parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stressful circumstances presented by the Covid-19 pandemic led to reduced levels of study concentration among students, and these conditions had been linked with dopamine levels. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of aromatherapy gelatin cold compress in increasing the study concentration of students by decreasing stress levels and elevating dopamine levels during the Covid-19 pandemic online class. Methods: The study participants consisted of 42 students, who were selected using the simple random sampling method. Subsequently, the participants were comparably divided into control and treatment groups. Compress intervention was given to the treatment group on the forehead for 10 min before studying online. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Stroop test were then used to determine stress and concentration levels of the students, respectively. The catecholamine fractionated urine was used to measure dopamine levels. Analysis was carried out using Paired T-test and Independent T-test with α = 0.05 and CI = 95%. Results: The mean value of the VAS before and after treatment was 5.81 ± 2.48 and 5.28 ± 2.61 in the control (p = 0.205), as well as 6.28 ± 1.62 and 4.38 ± 1.89 in the treatment group (p = 0.000). The mean interference score of the Stroop test before and after treatment was 13.16 ± 1.05 and 13.22 ± 1.31 among the controls (p = 0.947), while 13.35 ± 6.94 and 8.92 ± 5.91 were recorded in the treatment group (p = 0.000). The average dopamine levels before and after the intervention were 145.50 ± 7.94 mg/mL and 146.65 ± 8.23 mg/mL creatinine among the controls (p = 0.542), while 145.35 ± 1.03 mg/mL and 265.18 ± 1.27 mg/mL creatinine were obtained in the treatment group (p = 0.01). Furthermore, the results showed that the creatinine levels were within the normal ranges. The Independent T-test of stress, concentration, and dopamine levels obtained p = 0.024, p = 0.010, and p = 0.090, respectively. Conclusion: Aromatherapy gelatin cold compress was effective in increasing study concentration by decreasing stress levels and increasing dopamine levels during the Covid-19 pandemic online class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central South University is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This document is a list of references for various research articles related to the management of type 2 diabetes. The articles cover a range of topics including the role of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in self-management, interventions for self-management, management of hyperglycemia, and the effectiveness of different therapies and interventions. The document also includes articles on the impact of education, social support, and lifestyle changes on diabetes management. Additionally, there are references to studies on health coaching, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and the use of wearable activity trackers. The articles provide valuable insights into the challenges and strategies for managing type 2 diabetes. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT. The heightened demand for domestic beef has emerged in response to an expanding populace and heightened public interest in meat consumption. The principal objective of this investigation was to assess cardiac activity, as inferred from heart rate data, through the application of rigorous statistical methodologies and meticulous sampling techniques. The study comprised 70 Bali cattle sourced from the Samarinda Slaughterhouse (RPH), with statistical analysis facilitated by the utilization of the Z Test. Examination of the heart rate data indicated a notable degree of variability. Upon conducting the Z Test, a statistically significant finding was ascertained with p0.05, signifying the acceptance of H1. This, in turn, signified that the heart rate data exhibited an elevation in stress levels. Conversely, H0 was categorically refuted, implying an absence of heightened heart rate between the enclosure environment and the site of slaughter. Further observations centered on urination and defecation within the sample, yielding an average incidence of 11.425% amongst the 70 Bali cattle, serving as an indicator of stress or discomfort. The evaluation of stress levels in cattle within the Tanah Merah Samarinda Animal Slaughterhouse, situated in East Kalimantan, corroborated a significant surge in stress during the transition of cattle from the enclosure zone to the slaughter and dispersal area. This phenomenon is attributed to the deficiency in knowledge among stockpersons concerning optimal livestock handling and the principles of animal welfare. (Pengukuran tingkat stres pada sapi pra dan pasca penyembelihan di rumah potong hewan Tanah Merah Samarinda, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, Indonesia) ABSTRAK. Permintaan yang meningkat untuk daging sapi dalam negeri muncul sebagai respons terhadap pertumbuhan penduduk yang terus meningkat dan minat publik yang tinggi dalam konsumsi daging. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai aktivitas jantung, seperti yang disimpulkan dari data denyut jantung, melalui penerapan metodologi statistik yang ketat dan teknik pengambilan sampel yang cermat. Penelitian ini melibatkan 70 ekor sapi Bali yang diperoleh dari Rumah Potong Hewan (RPH) Samarinda, dengan analisis statistik dilakukan dengan menggunakan Uji Z. Pemeriksaan data denyut jantung mengindikasikan tingkat variasi yang signifikan. Setelah melakukan Uji Z, temuan yang signifikan secara statistik ditemukan dengan p0,05, menunjukkan penerimaan H1. Ini, pada gilirannya, menunjukkan bahwa data denyut jantung menunjukkan peningkatan tingkat stres. Sebaliknya, H0 secara tegas ditolak, mengimplikasikan ketiadaan peningkatan denyut jantung antara lingkungan kandang dan lokasi pemotongan. Pengamatan lebih lanjut terkait dengan buang air kecil dan buang air besar dalam sampel menghasilkan insiden rata-rata sebesar 11,425% dari 70 ekor sapi Bali, yang berfungsi sebagai indikator stres atau ketidaknyamanan. Evaluasi tingkat stres pada sapi di Rumah Potong Hewan Tanah Merah Samarinda, yang terletak di Kalimantan Timur, mengkonfirmasi peningkatan signifikan dalam stres selama proses pemindahan sapi dari zona kandang ke area pemotongan dan penyebaran. Fenomena ini dikaitkan dengan kurangnya pengetahuan di antara peternak tentang penanganan ternak yang optimal dan prinsip kesejahteraan hewan.

This study employed a qualitative approach in the form of a case study to examine the process of self-disclosure among students and its influence on stress levels during their thesis completion. The research focused on 10 individual students, aiming to gain a deep understanding of their experiences, thoughts, feelings, and desires. Structured and in-depth interviews were conducted, along with non-participant observation techniques. The study found that self-disclosure played a significant role in students' stress levels, with stress and depression being predominant emotions due to various factors such as academic pressure and personal issues. The Johari Window model, which emphasizes the importance of self-disclosure in interpersonal relationships, provided a theoretical foundation for understanding the responses and reactions of students. Individual counseling was also explored as a supportive process for students, allowing them to enhance self-understanding and resolve problems. The findings highlight the significance of self-disclosure in fostering healthier interactions and creating a positive academic environment. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of self-disclosure and its implications for student well-being and academic success.

Background Although several studies have documented the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on mental health, the long-term effects remain unclear. Aims To examine longitudinal changes in mental health before and during the consecutive COVID-19 waves in a well-established probability sample. Method An online survey was completed by the participants of the COVID-19 add-on study at four time points: pre-COVID-19 period (2014–2015, n = 1823), first COVID-19 wave (April to May 2020, n = 788), second COVID-19 wave (August to October 2020, n = 532) and third COVID-19 wave (March to April 2021, n = 383). Data were collected via a set of validated instruments, and analysed with latent growth models. Results During the pandemic, we observed a significant increase in stress levels (standardised β = 0.473, P < 0.001) and depressive symptoms (standardised β = 1.284, P < 0.001). The rate of increase in depressive symptoms (std. covariance = 0.784, P = 0.014), but not in stress levels (std. covariance = 0.057, P = 0.743), was associated with the pre-pandemic mental health status of the participants. Further analysis showed that secondary stressors played a predominant role in the increase in mental health difficulties. The main secondary stressors were loneliness, negative emotionality associated with the perception of COVID-19 disease, lack of resilience, female gender and younger age. Conclusions The surge in stress levels and depressive symptoms persisted across all three consecutive COVID-19 waves. This persistence is attributable to the effects of secondary stressors, and particularly to the status of mental health before the COVID-19 pandemic. Our findings reveal mechanisms underlying the surge in mental health difficulties during the COVID-19 waves, with direct implications for strategies promoting mental health during pandemics.

BackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic has potential implications for stress levels and resilience among oncology healthcare professionals (HCPs). This study aims to assess perceived stress, resilience, and moral distress levels among oncology HCPs in Jordan during the pandemic and identify associated risk factors.MethodsAn online cross-sectional survey was conducted among oncology HCPs in Jordan using three validated tools: Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RSIC), and Moral Distress Thermometer (MDT). Seven items were used to assess sources of stress.ResultsA total of 965 participants enrolled with a 74% response rate. The participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 74 (mean = 32.74, SD = 5.197), with 79.1% males, 45.1% were physicians, 32.6% were public hospital workers, 57.1% were married, and 56.6% had children below 18 years. Findings indicated moderate perceived stress (Mean = 15.87, SD = 5.861), low resilience (Mean = 29.18, SD = 5.197), and high moral distress (Mean = 4.72, SD = 2.564). Females, unmarried individuals, and younger age groups exhibited higher PSS (p = 0.009, p

Background and Aims: Health care workers (HCWs) are caught in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic storm and are exposed to a large degree of physical and emotional stress. This study was planned to describe the stressors, stress levels, emotional responses, and coping strategies adopted by HCWs amidst this pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted after ethics approval, using a structured performa incorporating standardized stress (PSS-10 C), emotional responses (PANAS-10), and coping strategy (Brief COPE) scales. The snowball sampling technique was used to conduct the study and collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 402 participants (65% doctors and 35% nurses), 87% perceived moderate stress levels, and nearly half of the participants were interns, residents, and medical officers. Infection to self or family members (77.1%), survival of sick patients (75.6%), aggression by patients and relatives (70.3%), and long duty hours (67%) were some of the major stressors as reported by HCWs. The most common positive emotion felt was being alert (19.17 ± 5.57) and negative emotion perceived was being upset (15.6 ± 6.06). Many participants adopted emotion and problem-focused coping strategies such as planning and strategization (68%) and positive reframing (67.6%), whereas dysfunctional coping strategies such as venting and denial were adopted less commonly. Conclusion: Moderate stress levels perceived by HCWs are a cause for concern. Emotional responses of HCWs to stress vary; however, appropriate coping strategies including emotional and problem-focused coping strategies are the need of the hour to tackle pandemic-related stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, cluster analyses are widely used in mental health research to categorize student stress levels. However, conventional clustering methods experience challenges with large datasets and complex issues, such as converging to local optima and sensitivity to initial random states. To address these limitations, this research work introduces an Improved Grey Wolf Clustering Algorithm (iGWCA). This improved approach aims to adjust the convergence rate and mitigate the risk of being trapped in local optima. The iGWCA algorithm provides a balanced technique for exploration and exploitation phases, alongside a local search mechanism around the optimal solution. To assess its efficiency, the proposed algorithm is verified on two different datasets. The dataset-I comprises 1100 individuals obtained from the Kaggle database, while dataset-II is based on 824 individuals obtained from the Mendeley database. The results demonstrate the competence of iGWCA in classifying student stress levels. The algorithm outperforms other methods in terms of lower intra-cluster distances, obtaining a reduction rate of 1.48% compared to Grey Wolf Optimization (GWO), 8.69% compared to Mayfly Optimization (MOA), 8.45% compared to the Firefly Algorithm (FFO), 2.45% Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), 3.65%, Hybrid Sine Cosine with Cuckoo search (HSCCS), 8.20%, Hybrid Firefly and Genetic Algorithm (FAGA) and 8.68% Gravitational Search Algorithm (GSA). This demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in minimizing intra-cluster distances, making it a better choice for student stress classification. This research contributes to the advancement of understanding and managing student well-being within academic communities by providing a robust tool for stress level classification.

Understanding beliefs about corporal punishment is crucial, as evidence suggests that positive beliefs in its effectiveness predict its use. High parental stress, especially in those valuing corporal punishment, increases the potential for child abuse. Factors such as having many children or low education and socioeconomic status contribute to parental tensions, leading to the use of corporal punishment for behavior correction. We posit that the accumulation of such variables results in heightened stress levels. Our focus aimed to determine the moderating role of stress levels among parental beliefs about corporal punishment and its reported use through quantitative research. In our study, 853 Colombian parents of low, middle, and high socioeconomic status, and from four different regions of Colombia, with children aged 0 to 17 participated. They provided information about their beliefs on corporal punishment, using the Beliefs and Punishment Scale. Correlations indicated that older parents with better socioeconomic status were less inclined to believe that strictness improves children. Regressions suggested that increased belief in corporal punishment modifying behavior, along with higher parental stress, increases corporal punishment use. Moderation models highlighted that when more stressors were present, corporal punishment was used due to stress rather than parental beliefs. Ultimately, stress emerged as a crucial factor influencing corporal punishment use among Colombian parents.

Objective: The current study aims to assess the impact of different variables as gender, field of study, and academic year on a sample of university students living in a dormitory to detect high-risk students who need psychological intervention. Methods: A cross sectional observational study was conducted on 415 students living in Ain Shams University dormitory. All students filled the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Perceived stress scale 10, and a designed questionnaire to detect the variables under investigation as the age, gender, field of study, academic year. Results: 49.2% of the sample reported mental health problems, and 86.7% reported higher stress. Females had elevated GHQ scores compared to males. Females studying practical majors as medicine reported a much higher stress index (62.2%) compared to females studying literary majors as business (37.8%, p=0.003). Practical majors were associated with lower mental health scores, (p=0.008) and higher perceived stress (p=0.01). A positive correlation was present between perceived stress levels and mental health problems. Both female gender and studying practical majors were independent risk factors for lower mental health and higher stress levels. Conclusion: Implementing mental health services in universities targeting high-risk students as females, lowering stress levels and improving mental health is important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims: Health care workers (HCWs) are caught in the middle of the COVID-19 pandemic storm and are exposed to a large degree of physical and emotional stress. This study was planned to describe the stressors, stress levels, emotional responses, and coping strategies adopted by HCWs amidst this pandemic. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted after ethics approval, using a structured performa incorporating standardized stress (PSS-10 C), emotional responses (PANAS-10), and coping strategy (Brief COPE) scales. The snowball sampling technique was used to conduct the study and collect data. Data were analyzed using SPSS 26 version (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) statistical software. A P value of

Background/Aim: Diabetes mellitus patients may be more vulnerable to stress due to the requirement for lifestyle changes and blood sugar management. Stress occurs when people sense a mismatch between their available resources and the expectations put on them, especially when the expectations are believed to be excessive in comparison to the preceding circumstance. The purpose of this study was to look at the effectiveness of the acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) as a stress-reduction intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by enhancing their psychological well-being. Methods: A total of 40 people were allocated to either the intervention or control groups at random. The intervention group got counselling on the pillars of diabetes control, followed by a stress level pre-test. Following that, the ACT intervention was carried out. After completing the post-test, the control group got the same intervention. The ACT module and a questionnaire to evaluate stress levels in T2DM patients were used in this study. Results: Following the ACT session, the measuring findings for stress levels in the intervention group showed a reduction. Both the intervention and control groups saw stress reduction; however, the intervention group had a greater reduction. Conclusions: The ACT intervention reduced stress levels in the intervention group. ACT appeared as the variable having the largest effect on lowering stress levels after taking into account variables such as duration of suffering, education, sex and age-related to T2DM.

Background: Stress among prison inmates is a neglected psychological health issue, but this phenomenon seems worse in Ghana's prisons. This study examined the stress levels, predictors and management strategies utilized among inmates at Ankaful Prison Complex. Method: This survey sampled 1160 inmates using the census approach at the Ankaful Prison Complex with a self-developed questionnaire for the data collection. Frequency counts, one-way ANOVA, and multiple regression analysis were applied to the data. Results: The findings indicate that more than half of the inmates were moderately or highly stressed. Specifically, inmates at the Maximum Security Prison were the most stressed, followed by Annex Prison, Communicable Disease Prison, and the least, Main Camp Prison inmates. Inmate engagement in exercises, sporting activities, visit and chat with colleagues, and family connectedness outside the prison were stress-management strategies. Inmates' self-reported stress levels were influenced by the prison of custody and state of depression. Conclusion: The moderate to high stress levels identified among inmates of Ankaful Prison Complex are influenced by person–environment factors. Management of the Ankaful Prison Complex is encouraged to initiate health screening services for inmates on common mental health challenges such as stress and to promote functional stress reduction interventions to improve prisoners' mental health and overall well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In an organization or company the management has a big role in the performance of its employees. Training in the form of motivation has an influence on the speed of decision-making that is strategic or business in nature. Previous research believes that a good educational background, skills, and cognitive abilities are the main factors causing the most dominating success in decision making. In the current era, the level of stress and work pressure is getting higher because mostly all professionals are required to be able to achieve the main goal of the company's business strategy, namely speed in making decisions. This study aims to describe, analyze and explore how the effects of multitasking on employees business decision making. The research data collection involved 3 respondents. Data were collected through interviews and observations. Researchers go directly to the field to get accurate and in-depth data through various relevant sources. This study found that in addition to proper training and motivation, there are other things that cause the decision process to be hampered, namely pressure factors, differences in perceptions, and excessive stress levels resulting in job fragmentation.

Highlight: • Stress can trigger migraine. • There is a significant relationship between stress levels and the occurence of migraine • The higher the stress level, the higher the risk of migraine ABSTRACT Introduction: Migraine is the second most common primary headache after tension-type headache. Stress is one of the factors that can contribute to migraine occurrence. Medical students are subjected to a high-stress level due to their educational program, which increases their risk of migraine. Objective: To measure the relationship between stress levels and migraine occurrence in medical students of Duta Wacana Christian University, batch 2020. Methods: This study used an observational analytical design with a cross-sectional method and involved 61 respondents from the medical students of Duta Wacana Christian University, batch 2020, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were required to approve informed consent and complete the Perceived Stress Scale and Migraine Screen Questionnaire before conducting the research. Results: The Chi-Square for Trend statistical analysis for trends showed that stress levels were related to migraine (p < 0.05), age variables revealed no association with migraine (p > 0.05), and gender revealed that the sexes had a relationship with migraine (p < 0.05). Using Fisher's statistical technique, this study found that menstrual status has no association with migraine (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Stress levels and migraine frequency were significantly correlated, meaning that high-stress levels can trigger migraines.

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the whole way we live, especially in the field of education. Distance learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a stressful effect on students. This study aims to model the factors that influence students' stress levels towards distance learning. A total of 256 students of the Faculty of Teacher Training at Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang State Islamic University participated in answering a 4-scale Likert questionnaire that was analyzed using the ordinal logistic regression method. The results of the study prove that there are significant factors affecting student stress levels in distance learning during the pandemic. These factors are: (1) different environments between students and lecturers; (2) frequency of assignments; (3) difficulty in understanding the material; (4) strong internet connection; (5) difficulty in coordinating with groups; (6) non-fixed lecture schedules; (7) the number of activities at home; and, (8) internet quota needs. The power of association score R2 with the Nagelkerke method was obtained by 0.776 (77.6%) which means that 77.6% of the independent variables were able to explain the stress level of students. BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Pandemi covid-19 telah mengubah keseluruhan cara hidup kita, khususnya bidang pendidikan. Pembelajaran jarak jauh sebagai dampak dari adanya pandemic covid-19 telah memberikan pengaruh stres pada mahasiswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemodelan terhadap faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat stres mahasiswa terhadap pembelajaran jarak jauh. Sebanyak 256 mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang berpartisipasi dalam menjawab angket Likert berskala 4 dan dianalisis dengan metode regresi logistik ordinal. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa terdapat faktor signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat stres mahasiswa dalam pembelajaran jarak jauh di masa pandemi. Faktor-faktor tersebut adalah: (1) lingkungan yang berbeda antara mahasiswa dengan dosen; (2) intensitas pemberian tugas; (3) kesulitan memahami materi; (4) kelancaran akses internet; (5) kesulitan berkoordinasi dengan kelompok; (6) jadwal perkuliahan yang tidak tetap; (7) banyaknya kegiatan di rumah, dan (8) kebutuhan kuota internet. Nilai kekuatan asosiasi R2 dengan metode Nagelkerke diperoleh sebesar 0,776 (77,6%) yang menunjukkan bahwa 77,6 % variabel bebas mampu menjelaskan tingkat stres mahasiswa.

Subgrades that are constructed from fine-grained cohesive soils undergo large settlements; therefore, the study of their deformation behavior is important to avoid early deterioration in the traffic infrastructure. In this study, the deformation behavior of two different types of cohesive subgrade soils at different compaction states has been addressed that considered the effect of influencing factors, such as water content, deviatoric stress, and confining pressure (σ3). The results from the unconsolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests show that the deformation behavior of soil is highly influenced by the level of applied deviatoric stresses and moisture content on the wet side of optimum (WS) and is slightly affected by σ3 and moisture content on the dry side of optimum (DS). The elastic strain (ɛe) component showed a decreasing trend with an increase in the number of load cycles (N) and then attained a steady value toward a higher N; however, the plastic strain (ɛp) component continuously increased for a given magnitude of applied cyclic deviatoric stresses (σd,c). From the test results, logarithmic strain models were proposed to predict the long-term total (ɛt) strain and ɛp that developed in cohesive subgrade soils, which were subjected to various combinations of variations in moisture content and stresses. The proposed model has been compared with the existing model and shows better prediction ability with a coefficient of correlation (R2) of >95% in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Parents of children with cerebral palsy face higher levels of stress, anxiety and depression, sadness, exhaustion and burnout. Parent-based therapies have been found to increase parents' satisfaction with therapy, parent–child interactions and reduced parental stress. This study examined the effects of parent-based occupational therapy on stress levels, coping skills, and emotional skills and competencies of parents of children with cerebral palsy. Methods: A total of 15 children and their parents who were admitted to the paediatric rehabilitation unit for occupational therapy were divided into two groups (control group: n=7, study group: n=8) using the coin toss randomisation method. The control group received standard occupational therapy, while the study group received parent-based occupational therapy for 45 minutes a session, twice a week, until 10 sessions had been completed. Participants were evaluated before and after the intervention. Results: The study group showed a decrease in stress levels (P=0.034) and increases in coping skills (P=0.016), and emotional skills and competencies (P=0.036). In addition, only an improvement in parents' stress levels (P=0.046) was observed in the control group. Conclusions: The parent-based occupational therapy programme was more effective regarding stress levels, coping skills, emotional skills and competencies of the families of children with cerebral palsy compared to classical occupational therapy. This study is important in terms of demonstrating the benefits of parent-based occupational therapy for parents of children with cerebral palsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stress is one of the most important issues among medical students, often defined as the “wear and tear” the body experiences and multiple factors contribute to its prevalence. It can exert a negative impact on the emotional/psychological well-being of an individual, if not treated at the proper time. Proper management and timely interventions will lessen the negative effects of stress, thereby enhancing their academic performance and skill development as medical graduates. Aim: To measure and compare the perceived stress level among medical students studying in three main medical colleges located at Srinagar, Anantnag, and Baramulla (in the government sector), Jammu and Kashmir, India. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was multiinstitutional, conducted in the first and second year medical students of Government Medical College (GMC)-Srinagar/GMC-Anantnag and GMC- Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India in the age group of 18-25 years who voluntarily consented to participate. A total of 264 students were taken for the study. Data as per structured/standard questionnaire was collected on Google form in a password-protected electronic format. The already validated and reliable Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)- Cohen et al., 1983, was used to analyse the stress levels. Categorical data were analysed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Overall maximum students, 145 (54.9%) had moderate stress, followed by 83 (31.5%) who had high or perceived stress and 36 (13.6%) had low stress levels. College analysis indicated that perceived high stress was highest in GMC-Srinagar students with 38.1%, followed by 31.6% from GMC-Baramulla and 22.22% from GMC-Anantnag. Conclusion: Present study indicate an overall high prevalence of moderate stress followed by perceived high stress among the medical students of three medical colleges located in Kashmir, India. Interestingly, the location of the medical colleges had little impact on the stress level among such undergraduate students.

Type 2 diabetes is one of the major public health problems in both developing and developed countries in the Asia Pacific region. It cannot be denied that the psychological impact of diabetes mellitus has been felt by sufferers since the doctor's diagnosis. Patients begin to experience psychological disorders including stress on themselves related to treatment and medication that must be undertaken. This photo essay pictures our effort in providng a progressive muscle relaxation to the diabetic patients as a therapy to reduce tension and anxiety. This technique focuses on the contraction and relaxation of the muscles of the body. the instructor demonstrate the steps of progressive muscle relaxation therapy to the participants. The results of this study indicate that after being given progressive muscle relaxation therapy, there was a decrease in the number of diabetics who experienced stress, where before the intervention, there were 25 people with moderate stress (92.6%) and 2 people with severe stress (7,4%), while after the intervention decreased to 9 people (33.3%) had no stress, and 18 people (66.7%) had moderate stress.

Using pre-stressed carbon fibre reinforced polymer/plastic (CFRP) to strengthen bridge structures is currently considered a promising technology and the durability of the structure is closely related to the material property. CFRP have good corrosion resistance, but they also experience different degrees of swelling, corrosion and hydrolysis in water immersion environments. Stress accelerates this effect and leads to deterioration of the mechanical properties of the materials. This work aims to investigate the durability of CFRP grids under water, wet-dry cycles of seawater, seawater immersion and 0% f u (f u is the ultimate tensile strength of the tested CFRP grids and it is constant stress in this paper), 30% f u, 60% f u coupled environments.Test aging time at room temperature (25°C) of 30, 60, 120, 180, 270, 360 days. The results indicate that the surface of epoxy resin is smooth at the initial moment by comparing of scanning electron microscope (SEM) image. With the increase of deterioration degree with aging time, the cavities and cracks appeared in the matrix. The epoxy resin content between the fibers decreased, and the adhesion force decreased. When the aging time is short, the tensile damage section of CFRP grid is flaky and the matrix is tightly bonded with the fiber. The later damage is mainly blow-up damage, which the fracture section is typical filiform. After CFRP grids aged for 360 days, the tensile strength decreased by 6.2%, 10.2%, 10.9% in the water, seawater solution and seawater wet-dry cycle environments. The tensile strength decreased by 10.2%, 12.3% and 20.2% under the coupling of seawater and different stress levels. A semi-empirical model of durability is proposed to provide a good reference value for the durability prediction of FRP materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Several studies have shown the consequences of COVID-19 pandemic on perceived stress of different populations, but none of them analyzed urological patients who underwent elective surgery.

Masalah gizi pada remaja di Indonesia muncul akibat ketidakseimbangan antara konsumsi zat gizi dengan kecukupan gizi yang diperlukan. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan konsumsi makanan cepat saji, tingkat stres dan kualitas tidur terhadap status gizi pada remaja putra SMA DKI Jakarta. Rancangan penelitian adalahcross-sectional study dengan jumlah responden 160 orang remaja putra. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner FFQ, ISMA (International Stress Management Association) dan PSQI (Pittburgh Sleep Quality Index). Analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres terhadap status gizi (p-value = 0,017). Namun, tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan antara konsumsi makanan cepat saji (p-value = 0,210) dan kualitas tidur (p-value = 0,165) terhadap status gizi. Bagi remaja putra diharapkan untuk lebih meningkatkan makanan bergizi seimbang serta memiliki tingkat stres dan kualitas tidur yang baik agar dapat mencapai status gizi normal

Abstract Background We assessed the effects of gender, in association with a four-week small-sided games (SSGs) training program, during Ramadan intermitting fasting (RIF) on changes in psychometric and physiological markers in professional male and female basketball players. Methods Twenty-four professional basketball players from the first Tunisian (Tunisia) division participated in this study. The players were dichotomized by sex (males [GM = 12]; females [GF = 12]). Both groups completed a 4 weeks SSGs training program with 3 sessions per week. Psychometric (e.g., quality of sleep, fatigue, stress, and delayed onset of muscle soreness [DOMS]) and physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate frequency, blood lactate) were measured during the first week (baseline) and at the end of RIF (post-test). Results Post hoc tests showed a significant increase in stress levels in both groups (GM [− 81.11%; p

• We examined the effects of maternal competence and situational stress on preschool children's help-seeking expectations. • Young children expected to seek more help from competent mothers than the incompetent ones in the low-stress condition. • They expected to seek help in high-stress conditions regardless of the maternal competence. • Young children seek help from mothers in a discriminatory way. Help-seeking is a crucial problem-solving strategy for young children. However, it is not yet clear how children weigh different cues to make help-seeking decisions across preschool years, especially in caregiver–child interactions. The current study used a social expectation task to examine the effects of maternal competence and situational stress level on 4- to 6-year-old children's help-seeking expectations from a third-party perspective. Children's expectations of whether to seek help were measured. A total fo 135 Han Chinese children aged 4 to 6 years from an eastern city of China participated in this study. We found that 4- to 6-year-olds expected to seek more help from a competent mother than from an incompetent mother in low-stress conditions. When the stress level was high, however, they expected to seek help regardless of maternal competence levels. These results suggest that the interaction between the situational stress level and maternal competence determines young children's help-seeking expectations across preschool years. They further suggest that young children seek help from mothers in an active and discriminatory way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present study aims at analysing how social support received and provided by parents of children, adolescents and young adults (AYA) diagnosed with cancer, as well as their sociodemographic and clinical variables, affect those parents' stress levels and life and family satisfaction. Materials and Methods: A total of 112 parents of children and AYAs who had been diagnosed with cancer and who received treatment in Malaga participated in the study. In the study, participated all parents who voluntarily agreed to fulfil the questionnaire. The main inclusion criterion was that their child had cancer. Instruments used were Questionnaire on the Frequency of and Satisfaction with Social Support (QFSSS), Paediatric Inventory for Parents (PIP), Life Satisfaction Scale and Family Satisfaction Scale. Results: In the mean difference analyses, male parents showed 3.38 (SD = 0.56) in social support received and female parents showed M = 3.08 (SD = 0.72). Conversely, in social support provided, female parents showed 3.22 and male parents showed M = 3.55 (p = 0.020). Significant differences were also found in family satisfaction, where female parents (M = 3.64) feel more satisfied than male parents (M = 3.06; p = 0.027). Parents of children aged between 0 and 14 years (M = 3.06) feel more stress than those parents of children aged 15–21 (M = 2.61; p = 0.021). The correlation analysis shows that there is a negative and significant relation between stress levels experienced by parents when facing different situations related to the child's disease and both types of support, received r = −0.411, p < 0.001 and provided r = −0.282, p < 0.01. There is also a positive and significant relation between life satisfaction and social support received r = 0.292, p < 0.01, and social support provided r = 0.409, p < 0.001. There is a positive and significant relation between family satisfaction and social support received r = 0.330, p < 0.01, in the same way as with social support provided r = 0.222, p < 0.05. The regression analysis related to stress levels of parents indicates that social support received predicts levels of stress significantly p < 0.001, with the variable of number of children being the one that showed to be significant p < 0.05. Social support provided showed the most significant results p = 0.001, meaning that social support provided increased life satisfaction. Social support received explains family satisfaction (p = 0.50), as it increases the family satisfaction of parents of children with cancer. Discussion: Analysing social support received and provided, as well as sociodemographic and clinical variables, allowed us to broaden the knowledge on the effect social support has on stress levels, life satisfaction and family satisfaction in parents of children and AYAs diagnosed with cancer. This may have relevant practical implications for the design of interventions that would improve parents' lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the study reported on here we examined the relationship between irrational beliefs and stress levels among orphans in public secondary schools in Kenya. Rational Emotive Behaviour Theory was adopted. In the study we adopted a cross-sectional correlation research design. A sample size of 350 double orphaned students in secondary schools was obtained using stratified and simple random sampling techniques. The Irrational Belief Inventory and Perceived Stress Scale were used to collect data. The reliability results indicate the Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.672 to 0.756. Quantitative data from questionnaires were analysed using inferential statistics such as Pearson correlation and regression analysis. The findings established a weak positive (n = 314, r = .149; p = .008 < .05) Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient between demandingness and stress levels; a weak positive (n =314, r = .243; p < .05) correlation between awfulizing and stress levels; a weak positive (n = 314, r = .191; p < .05) correlation between irrational belief for low frustration tolerance and stress levels; and a weak positive (n = 314, r = .167; p = .003) correlation between irrational belief of worthlessness and stress levels. The implication of these findings is that orphaned students are overwhelmed with stress because of their state of irrational beliefs. It is recommended that school counsellors should train orphans in secondary schools on rational beliefs through therapy techniques such as positive self-talk to counter the irrational beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Stress is one of the most important issues among medical students, often defined as the "wear and tear" the body experiences and multiple factors contribute to its prevalence. It can exert a negative impact on the emotional/psychological well-being of an individual, if not treated at the proper time. Proper management and timely interventions will lessen the negative effects of stress, thereby enhancing their academic performance and skill development as medical graduates. Aim: To measure and compare the perceived stress level among medical students studying in three main medical colleges located at Srinagar, Anantnag, and Baramulla (in the government sector). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was multiinstitutional, conducted in the first and second year medical students of Government Medical College (GMC)-Srinagar/GMCAnantnag and GMC-Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir, India in the age group of 18-25 years who voluntarily consented to participate. Data as per structured/standard questionnaire was collected on Google form in a password-protected electronic format. Perceived stress, the already validated and reliable Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-Cohen et al., 1983, was used to analyse the stress levels. Categorical data were analysed using the Pearson Chi-square test. Results: Overall maximum students, 145 (54.9%) had moderate stress, followed by 83 (31.5%) who had high or perceived stress and 36 (13.6%) had low stress levels. College analysis indicated that perceived high stress was highest in GMC-Srinagar students with 38.1%, followed by 31.6% from GMC-Baramulla and 22.22% from GMC-Anantnag. Conclusion: Present study indicate an overall high prevalence of moderate stress followed by perceived high stress among the medical students of three medical colleges located in Kashmir, India. Interestingly, the location of the medical colleges had little impact on the stress level among such undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This research presents the relationship between the schools which implemented full day school and which did not apply the full day school to the level of stress students in junior high schools. This was influenced by the existence of regional autonomy as part of government policy and orientation toward quality education institutions. Methods: This research used a quantitative correlational approach to obtain the significance of the relationship between the variables examined. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, with samples of 37 students for a group of cases and 37 students to control groups. Data analysis was conducted using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test. Results: The results showed that in the case group there were 83.78 experiencing mild stress and 16.22 experiencing moderate stress, while in the control group there were 89.19 experiencing mild stress, and 10.81 experiencing moderate stress with P- value 0.000 (