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This study uses the Just–Pope approach to investigate the effects of seasonal weather variables and extremes on the mean yield and yield variability of rice, bajra, chickpea, groundnut and sugarcane in India during the period 1990–2015. Results reveal that changes in rainfall and evapotranspiration across seasons largely affect mean yields for most crops, including bajra, chickpea and groundnut. However, high summer rainfall and low monsoon evapotranspiration extremes reduce groundnut and chickpea yield variability. Considering the importance of water availability to crop yields, this study suggests improving irrigation and water reallocation and management to reduce the severity of seasonal climate effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive development of the learners is the prime task of each and every stage of our school education and its importance especially in elementary state is quite worth mentioning. Present study investigated the effectiveness of a new and innovative strategy (i.e., MAI (multi-dimensional activity based integrated approach)) for the development of the cognitive abilities in social studies of sixth grade students. "Non randomized/un-equated two group pre-test and post-test experimental design" was followed for this study. Fifty two students from Class-VI of D.M. (demonstration multi-purpose) school, Bhubaneswar City, constituted the members of control group where as 60 students from Class-VI of K.V. (Kendriya Vidyalaya) No-1, Bhubaneswar City, constituted the members of experimental group. The experimental group was taught through MAI and the control group was taught through TMT (traditional method of teaching). The results indicated that MAI is a positive and meaningful strategy for achieving the development of cognitive abilities in social studies of the learners at the elementary stage of our school education, and educational implications were drawn to use and apply MAI in varied teaching learning situations for securing maximum benefits from it. (Contains 4 figures and 4 tables.)

In the contemporary times of rising food insecurity and malnutrition, the agricultural sector needs more attention. This study aims to investigate the asymmetric impacts of information and communication technologies (ICTs), energy intensity, urbanization, and inequality on agricultural productivity for 20 Asia‐Pacific countries from 1990 to 2020. To investigate asymmetric impacts, the study employs the panel nonlinear autoregressive distributed lag (NARDL) model. The estimated results revealed that positive and negative shocks in ICT, energy intensity, and urbanization have asymmetric impacts on agricultural productivity in the long run, whereas symmetry is observed in short‐run impacts. It is found that a 1% increase (decrease) in ICT and urbanization increases (decreases) agricultural productivity by 0.292% (0.662%) and 2.717% (2.759%), respectively, whereas a 1% increase (decrease) in energy intensity decreases (increases) agricultural productivity by 0.252% (0.216%) in the long run. Furthermore, the results of the Dumitrescu‐Hurlin panel causality test point out the existence of bi‐directional causality between agricultural productivity and the independent variables (ICT, energy intensity, urbanization, and inequality). Based on the findings, the study suggests that the Asia‐Pacific countries should increase the application of ICT and use energy more efficiently in agriculture to boost agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study is to examine the impact of socioeconomic conditions on happiness in 21 Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) with the help of three sub‐samples comprising America, Asia, and EMEA (Europe, Middle East, and Africa) countries from 2006 to 2019. For this objective, panel corrected standard error model is used to resolve the problem of cross‐sectional dependence, group‐wise heteroscedasticity, and panel autocorrelation. The results of the study reveal that economic growth plays a positive role in determining the happiness of EMEs of America and EMEA sample countries. At the same time, globalisation and inflation affect the happiness of people in American sample countries in a negative way. In the sample of Asian countries, social support has a substantial impact on happiness. Corruption in the government and business sectors reduces the happiness of selected countries of both Asia and America. This article contributes to the existing literature by first time considering EMEs which have undergone liberalisation reforms and experienced transformation in their socioeconomic conditions. In conclusion, the study suggests that GDP per capita and social support positively stimulates happiness while the perception of corruption negatively impacts happiness in selected EMEs. These implications can help in building a line of actions for strengthening anti‐corruption institutions and promoting social integrations among these EMEs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indian mining sector adopted the National Mineral Policy in 1993 and fully open up for foreign direct investment (FDI) in 2005. Prior to 1993, private participation in mining operation was restricted, and public sector played a dominant role in mineral exploration. Metallic minerals hold a vital position in the Indian mining sector and fulfil the input demand of industrial sector by supplying basic raw materials. This paper attempts to estimate and analyse the productive performance of the Indian metallic mining sector by decomposing the total factor productivity (TFP) growth into different components using firm‐level data for the period 1988–89 to 2014–15. Furthermore, the possibility of changes in productivity and its constituent components in different policy regimes have been unravelled. The analysis shows that the average TFP growth of the metallic mining is 0.07% during the study period, which is largely due to technological progress and technical efficiency change. However, TFP growth has declined from 0.28% in 1989–2005 to −0.33% in the period during complete allow of FDI. The decomposition of TFP growth using stochastic production frontier reveals that decline in productivity is due to change in scale efficiency and allocative efficiency components. It could be suggested that to improve the productivity growth further, metallic mining should upgrade to advance technology in operation and take the benefit of the scale factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ager: Journal of Depopulation & Rural Development Studies / Revista de Estudios sobre Despoblación y Desarrollo Rural is the property of Rolde de Estudios Aragoneses and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has emerged as an important topic for researchers and policymakers in India. The present study analyze the dimensions, i.e., current status, global position, trends, growth, sources, sectoral composition, regional distribution, and the determinants of FDI inflow in India after the economic reforms in the year 1991. Furthermore, this piece of research answers an important question, i.e., whether the currency area hypothesis of Aliber (1970) is good enough to explain FDI inflow in India during 1991 – 2018? The study uses trend analysis and simple linear regression analysis to analyze the data. The findings of this research have shed light on some of the important aspects of FDI inflow in India. The inward FDI in India has increased from the US $75 million in 1991 to the US $42285.68 million in 2018, registering an annual average growth rate of 37.85 per cent. This study also finds that the increase in the value of Indian Rupee has an inverse impact on the FDI inflow. Thus, the findings support the currency area hypothesis of Aliber (1970). It suggests that policymakers should consider the exchange rate while formulating policy to attract FDI inflow into India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article compares the economic conditions and human development in the mining and non-mining districts of Odisha, India from the 1990s through the early 2010s, often referencing charts on the subject. An overview of the value of exports of mineral resources from Odisha, including in regard to the relationship between the increase of exports and rising commodity prices in the world market, is provided.

The Assam Human Development Report of 2003, acknowledged the fact that the health status of its tea garden laborers is much below the state average; the state itself is languishing at the bottom. The present study is an attempt to explore the health condition of the tea industry laborers, especially laborers of the Beesakopie tea garden, a garden in Tinsukia District of Assam. The study reveals that a significant percentage (23%) of labor families suffer from calorie deficiency of more than 1,200 calories. Further, it is also observed that there is a huge gap between the per capita requirement and intake of both protein and carbohydrate among the laborers and their families. Therefore, it was observed that the laborers are suffering from various disorders like fever, cough, anemia, hypertension, gastric problems, skin problems, etc. Moreover, the data reflect that a considerable percentage of members of labor families died during the last five years due to tuberculosis, high blood pressure, lack of proper treatment and so on. Child mortality is also observed whose reasons are not known to the laborers, indicating the lack of awareness among the laborers. Further, the laborers do not show any interest to go to hospital for treatment. The laborers are ignorant or are not conscious about personal hygiene and sanitation practices. Moreover, only 1% of labor families use filter to purify water. Therefore, health awareness among the tea industry laborers is very poor. Thus, the government as well as the authority of the tea industry should consider this serious issue as an integral part of the developmental plan, for equitable and sustainable economic growth of the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The improvement of the trade balance of India vis-à-vis Canada can be attributed to the devaluation of Indian rupee as a part of the reform program in July 1991 and the subsequent depreciation of the Indian currency owing to the managed floating exchange rate regime. However, but for the increasing inflation in the post-reform period, the result could have been more in favor of India. Thus, the obvious policy prescription for India is to reduce the inflation rate so that the impact of devaluation and depreciation will be more prominent on the trade balance, at least with Canada. This suggestion can be tentative as inflation in India could have been unavoidable owing to its other compulsions. However, the negative response of export of India to its GDP and its perceived fluctuation in the short run could be a major cause of concern to the policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the dynamics of Indo-Canadian trade relation in the pre- and post-liberalization period. An overview of the trade and exchange rate policy of India is presented. To estimate the model that captures the liberalization, an appropriate econometric technique is specified. The factors which contributed to the crisis of 1991 which was preceded by large fiscal and current account deficits in India are discussed. The article also presents policy suggestions to counter the impact of devaluation and depreciation.

The main objective of this paper is to examine the role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in promoting the growth of the economy via export promotion by using the annual data from 1979–80 to 2000–01. This study uses the Johansen co-integration test and the results demonstrate that there is a long run relationship between Gross Domestic Product (GDP), FDI and Export (EX). The same relationship is also established when the Index of Industrial Production (IIP) replaces GDP. However, the positive elasticity coefficients between FDI, GDP and FDI, IIP are less than the positive elasticity coefficient between EX, GDP and EX, IIP. It implies that EX plays a comparatively better role in the growth of the Indian economy than FDI. Thus, on the eve of India's plan for further opening up of the economy, it is advisable to open up the export-oriented sectors so that a higher growth of the economy can be achieved through the growth of these sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]