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In recent years, metallic ion-doped magnesium phosphate (MgP)-based degradable bioceramics have emerged as alternative bone substitute materials owing to their excellent biocompatibility, bone-forming ability, bioactivity, and controlled degradability. Conversely, incorporating a biomolecule such as decellularized platelet-rich fibrin (d-PRF) on scaffolds has certain advantages for bone tissue regeneration, particularly in enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis. The present study focuses on the impact of d-PRF-loaded multiscale porous zinc-doped magnesium phosphate (Zn-MgP) scaffolds on biodegradability, biocompatibility, and bone regeneration. Scaffolds were fabricated through the powder-metallurgy route utilizing naphthalene as a porogen (porosity = 5–43%). With the inclusion of a higher porogen, a higher fraction of macro-porosity (>20 μm) and pore interconnectivity were observed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies confirmed the formation of the farringtonite phase. The developed scaffolds exhibited a minimum ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of 8.5 MPa (for 40 Naph), which lies within the range of UCS of the cancellous bone of humans (2–12 MPa). The in vitro assessment via immersion in physiological fluid yielded a higher deposition of the calcium phosphate (CaP) compound in response to increased macro-porosity and interconnectivity (40 Naph). Cytocompatibility assessed using MC3T3-E1 cells showed that the incorporation of d-PRF coupled with increased porosity resulted the highest cell attachment, proliferation, and viability. For further evaluation, the developed scaffolds were implanted in in vivo rabbit femur condylar defects. Radiography, SEM, OTC labelling, and histology analysis after 2 months of implantation revealed the better invasion of mature osteoblastic cells into the scaffolds with enhanced angiogenesis and superior and accelerated healing of bone defects in d-PRF-incorporated higher porosity scaffolds (40 Naph). Finally, it is hypothesized that the combination of d-PRF incorporation with multiscale porosity and increased interconnectivity facilitated better bone-forming ability, good biocompatibility, and controlled degradability within and around the Zn-doped MgP scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current paper presents an original approach into the microgrid control framework by incorporating LSTM-based optimization with specific emphasis on refining the gain parameters of a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller. This integration represents a significant advancement in improving the overall efficiency of microgrid control systems. By creatively applying LSTM optimization, the paper achieves dynamic adjustments of the PID controller's parameters, resulting in more precise regulation of output power quality. Through the utilization of the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) in conjunction with LSTM-based optimization, the paper establishes a compelling link between improved power quality and the resultant tariff rates. This highlights their combined influence on enhancing power quality and calibrating tariff rates, providing a fresh perspective on optimizing microgrid operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease and dopaminergic agents are frequently used as a treatment while 'end of dose deterioration' or 'Wearing-Off (WO)' phenomenon is common with these agents. Treatment reconciliation may be helpful in this situation and there is dearth of studies especially in India. Aim: To study the WO effects in patients of PD, their pharmacotherapy and outcome. Materials and Methods: This registry-based, prospective, observational, outcomes-based study was conducted in the Department of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology, School of Tropical Medicine, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in collaboration with Department of Neuromedicine of Kolkata Medical College and private clinics of a Neurologist from January 2020 to December 2021. An attempt was also undertaken to make a registry of Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (IPD) patients. WO Questionnaire 19-items (WOQ-19), Movement Disorder Society-Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (MDS-UPDRS Scale), The 39-items Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39 questionnaire), The 8-items Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS scale), suspected Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) Reporting Form of Indian Pharmacoepia commission (version 1.3), World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) Scale, Naranjo causality assessment scale, Hartwig and Seigel's Severity Assessment Scale were used in the present study. The study was commenced after obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee. The data was then analysed with parametric or non parametric tests using (mean±Standard Deviation (SD), median, Fisher's-exact test, Friedman's Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, Wilcoxon matched pair signedrank test). Data collected and then statistically analysed by using WPS Excel version 2021 and GraphPad Prism version 9 software. Results: Total IPD patients were found to be 111 in the present study with a mean age of IPD patients as 61.85±7.20 years. Incidence of WO in the present study was found to be 40.5% among IPD patients. Most common characteristic of WO was found to be tremor in 104 (28.8%) patients followed by slowness of movement in 63 (17.5%) patients. WHO-UMC scale and Naranjo causality assesment scale both revealed 36.4% ADRs were probable category and 63.6% were possible category. MDS-UPDRS Score, PDQ-39 Score, MMAS-8 score significantly (p-value<0.05) improved during the course of treatment. Conclusion: Dose adjustment of syndopa was mostly used in the management of WO phenomenon and significant improvement in the quality of life of the patients was seen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing body of research implies that emergency department (ED) physicians fail to identify drug-related ED visits due to the department's hectic workflow. In cases of poisoning or drug intoxications, the offending agent(s) may not be identified during the acute and possibly critical period of the exposure. For cases of suicidal incidents, laboratory assistances in identifying the offending chemical are not promptly available. The diagnosis of "toxidromes" is, therefore, an acceptable clinical diagnostic method that has been pioneered by clinical toxicologists. The present case has emphasized the need for applying clinical pharmacology principles in the early detection of drug-induced ED visits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this state-of-the-art review, various adsorbents (i.e., Metal-Organic Framework (MOF), Activated Carbons and their composites, Carbon Molecular Sieve (CMS) and zeolites) for CO2 adsorption both at low and high-pressure applications (i.e., pre- and post-combustion CO2 capture, adsorption heat pumps employing CO2 as refrigerant) are explored. The most suitable candidate, i.e., the various grades of activated carbons (ACs), is identified based on their equilibrium uptake (isotherm data), rate of adsorption (kinetic data), isosteric heat of adsorption and cost. The study presents a comprehensive review on the basis of various models of adsorption isotherms and kinetics, their merits and demerits, and their applicability, especially in the context of CO2-adsorbent pairs. The literature shows that the activated carbons with high surface area, pore volume and better pore network results in higher equilibrium uptake and faster kinetics. A comparative analysis presented in the review work highlights that high-grade activated carbons having higher absolute uptake, also result in higher net uptake, i.e., the deciding factor for selecting the adsorbents for adsorption-based refrigeration and heat transformation applications. The comparative study clearly shows that most of the MOFs with high surface area outperform the best-activated carbons in equilibrium CO2 uptake. However, their high heat of adsorption, slower kinetics and significantly high cost comes in their way of commercialization for high/low-pressure CO2 adsorption applications. One of the notable observations of the review work is that adsorbents that perform better in low-pressure applications may not be a handsome candidate for high-pressure applications, as both mechanisms are different. Various isotherm models are compared based on the R2 value of the fitted data. The comparison clearly demonstrates that some of the models, i.e., (Langmuir, Freundlich), give better predictions at low-pressure conditions while some (Toth, D-A, Modified D-A, and D-R) give a better prediction for high-pressure adsorption. Some isotherm models take care of the surface heterogeneity, hence suitable for AC-CO2 pair. Most importantly, the compiled data for the adsorption isotherms and kinetics will be useful for further analysis and design of adsorption systems and selection of adsorbents, especially for CO2 adsorption systems suitable for green refrigeration/heat pump and carbon capture application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Geriatrics is a speciality that focuses on healthcare of elderly people. Geriatric population is defined as people above 60 years of age. Geriatric population constitute 8.14% of total population in India. They have diverse physiological and pathological profiles which have an impact on the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of the administered drug. Very often they are under polypharmacy due to multisystem involvement and thereby subjected to numerous drug interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs). There are few studies conducted in India regarding ADRs in Geriatric Patients and none in Odisha, India. Aim: Pharmacovigilance study in Geriatric patients was taken up in a tertiary care hospital to assess the spectrum, cause, severity and preventability of ADRs. Materials and Methods: This prospective, observational study was conducted in Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Departments of Geriatric Medicine, Medicine and Skin and Venereal Disease (VD) of SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India. All geriatric patients (aged =60 years) diagnosed with ADR, from September 2016 to September 2018, were included. The detailed information of type of ADR and its characteristics were filled up in Suspected ADR Reporting Form. The prevalence and profile of ADRs in geriatric patients were studied. Their causality, severity and preventability were assessed by World Health Organisation-Uppsala Monitoring Centre (WHO-UMC) System, Modified Hartwig's Severity Scale and Schumock and Thornton Preventability Scale, respectively. Results: A total of 236 geriatric ADRs were reported in two years, out of which, the most common ADRs were cutaneous 100 (42.4%), followed by metabolic 68 (28.8%) and Gastrointestional (GI) involvement 26 (11%). Out of the geriatric ADRs, 128 (54.2%) ADRs were possible, 65% were moderate in intensity and 70.3% ADRs were probably preventable. Conclusion: Cutaneous and metabolic ADRs were most common in geriatric patients in present study. Majority of ADRs were possibly caused due to the drug used, were of moderate intensity and probably preventable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 2-D transient heat and mass transfer analysis is carried out on a longitudinal finned reactor suitable for adsorption-based green refrigeration/heat pump systems employing CO2-activated carbon pair. The study is carried out for a 1 kg adsorbent at constant charging/discharging pressure of 40 bar and 65 bar, respectively, for a fixed charging/discharging time of 300 s. Effects of various geometric parameters viz… reactor aspect ratio (AR), fin height and length, and number of fins (Nf) are studied to achieve an optimum reactor configuration based on maximum CO2 uptake. The results indicate that the addition of fins is crucial for enhancing the CO2 uptake for lower ARs. It is observed that the AR = 7.8; with 32 fins resulted in a maximum CO2 uptake of 1.25 kg/kg of adsorbent. The increment of 9–40% CO2 uptake is observed for all reactor configurations with Nf = 32. The gravimetric analysis revealed the existence of optimum reactor configurations for maximum CO2 uptakes. Based on the optimized conditions, equivalent annular finned models are analyzed for the same mass of the adsorption vessel. The results indicated that similar CO2 uptake could be obtained with lesser annular fins for lower ARs. Moreover, the current study is extended to analyze the desorption performance of optimized reactor configurations under high-pressure conditions. The results confirmed the best desorption performance for the reactor with AR = 7.8 for all external heating fluid temperatures. An increment of 495 and 637% is obtained for AR = 7.8 with Nf = 0 and 32, respectively w.r.t. AR = 0.35 with Nf = 0 at 400 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heat transfer in a non-Newtonian third-grade fluid, flowing under the action of pressure gradient and shear, through two parallel plates, is considered. The upper plate moves with a constant velocity. Constant wall heat fluxes are applied to the plates. Effect of viscous dissipation is included, which has a major role in heat transfer of non-Newtonian fluids. The governing equations are nonlinear and are solved semi-analytically by using the least-square method (LSM). Then, using the solution for velocity in the energy equation, the solution is obtained by a direct integration process. Further, approximate analytical solutions are obtained by the perturbation method, which validates the results generated by the LSM. The effects of the third-grade fluid parameter on the velocity and temperature and also on the physical quantity, such as Nusselt's number, are discussed. Further, viscous dissipation effects on the temperature distribution have been analyzed. Observations show that the movement of the upper plate results in a significant decrease in temperature near the upper plate. For the unit heat flux ratio, the temperature difference between the surface and fluid is more at the upper surface due to the enhanced convective heat transfer caused by the moving upper plate. Nusselt's number increases significantly with an increase in the heat flux ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractA transient heat and mass transfer analysis is carried out on cylindrical and spherical adsorbent reactors suitable for high-pressure CO2-based storage and green refrigeration systems. A comparative analysis is shown to arrive at the best reactor configurations subjected to different boundary conditions: free and forced convection conditions with fixed and time-dependent heat transfer coefficients, adiabatic, and constant wall temperature cases. The effects of external heating fluid temperature and flow rate on discharge characteristics and thermal-hydraulic performance of the proposed reactors are further expounded. The results showed that the cylindrical reactors throughout the various cases, outperformed the spherical reactors in terms of higher CO2 adsorption capacity and faster discharge rate. However, higher gravimetric uptakes are obtained for spherical reactors, which takes account of the reactor’s mass with much lower pumping power. Based on the detailed analysis, it is concluded that both the reactor geometries are feasible for higher-pressure CO2 storage and adsorption-based heat pump systems. To ensure higher CO2 uptakes, cylindrical reactors are recommended; however, if there is a constraint on the height and weight of the reactor, then the spherical reactors are extremely useful and highly recommended, like in the case of mobile air-conditioning systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]