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Background : Anemia is widely prevalent in India and affects both sexes and all age group. Although the National Anemia Prophylaxis Programme (NAPP) has been set up in all states of the country since 1970, the benefits have not yet been appreciated in the target population. Objective : 1. To assess the prevalence of anemia and its severity in tribal children. 2. To find out age & sex wise distribution of Hb level in these children. 3. To explore different underlying factors of development of anemia. Methods : The present study is a cross sectional study conducted in tribal villages of Mohana block in Gajapati district of Orissa. A total of 599 tribal children in the age group 6 month - 14 years were recruited from August 2004 to February 2005. The study variables included age, sex, Hb level, food consumption and clinicoepidemiological factors which were analysed by simple proportion and Z test. Results : About 94% of under five children were found to be anemic and 8.8% of them were severely anemic. Almost all children of age group 5-14 years were anemic, amongst them 59.4% were moderately anemic and 5. 4% were severely anemic. There is no significant difference in mean Hb level between male and female in both the age groups. It was significantly more in the age group of 5-14 years. About 94% were taking food of low iron bioavailability. Pallor was found in 33.6% and H/O irregular fever in 28.7% of children. 26.9% children had splenomegaly. Only 2.3% children had taken IFA supplementation in last one year. Conclusions : Anemia is a major health problem in tribal children. Reorientation of primary health care functionaries to cover the children under NNAPP with the help of ICDS workers and school authorities.

We study the low temperature multisubband electron mobility in a structurally asymmetric GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs delta doped double quantum well. We calculate the subband energy levels and wave functions through selfconsistent solution of the coupled Schrodinger equation and Poisson's equation. We consider ionized impurity scattering, interface roughness scattering, and alloy disorder scattering to calculate the electron mobility. The screening of the scattering potentials is obtained by using static dielectric response function formalism within the random phase approximation. We analyze, for the first time, the effect of asymmetric structure parameters on the enhancement of multisubband electron mobility through intersubband interactions. We show that the asymmetric variation of well width, doping concentration, and spacer width considerably influences the interplay of scattering mechanisms on mobility. Our results of asymmetry induced enhancement of electron mobility can be utilized for low temperature device applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study low temperature electron transport mobility μn in a GaAs/InxGa1-xAs double quantum well structure. Both the extreme barriers are δ doped with Si so that the electrons diffuse into the adjacent wells (InGaAs layers) forming two sheets of two-dimensional electron gas separated by a thin central barrier. The subband electron wave functions and energy levels of the coupled quantum well system are obtained numerically as a function of well width and barrier width. We have considered the effect of alloy disorder scattering and impurity scattering on μn. The screening of the scattering potentials by the 2D-electrons is obtained in terms of the static dielectric response function within the random phase approximation. The effect of screening on the alloy disorder potential, which has been normally neglected due to short range nature of the potential, has been analyzed. We have also studied the effects of the intersubband scattering and coupling of wave functions through the barrier on μn for the multisubband system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examines the electron transport mobility of mu[sub n] in a GaAs/Al[sub x]Ga[sb 1-x]As coupled double quantum well structure. Observation of two sheets of two dimensional electron gas separated by a positively charged donor layer; Effect of tunneling of electrons through the barrier, screening of ionized impurities and intersubband scattering on mu[sub n] of the double channel.

New results associated with the photophysical and electron-donating properties of some benzothiazoles (BTs) are provided in the investigation. The time-dependent density functional theory is shown to give reasonable singlet and triplet vertical excitation energies for all the BTs studied.

The subband electron mobility in a GaAs/In(sub x)Ga(sub 1-x) As double quantum well structure wherein both the side barriers are delta-doped with Si is studied. The effect of the alloy disorder scattering and impurity scattering on mu(sub n) is considered.

Biomedical data are being collected for fields like cancer diagnosis and prognosis, brain signals, speech signals, genetic engineering to name a few. These data are very high dimensional these days, which makes it difficult to extract knowledge out of it through machine learning algorithms. In this work, the authors proposed a hybrid feature selection method based on a multi-attribute decision-making method PROMETHEE (preference ranking organisation method for enrichment evaluations) and Jaya optimisation algorithm. Their proposed method works in two phases. In the first phase, five filter methods are applied to get the ranking for each feature of the data set. In the second phase, all the five individual ranks are used as input choices for PROMETHEE which gives us a final rank for all the features. Then the top 3% features are selected for training the machine learning model. This technique is applicable for feature reduction in any high-dimensional biomedical data. Here, they have studied Parkinson's disease data set. The result shows that the proposed method improves the classification accuracy by 13.73% and that too in a minimum amount of time with a minimum number of features. Hence, this method can be used as an essential pre-processing step for high-dimensional biomedical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the estimation of tree biomass by non destructive method in tropical dry deciduous forest (DDF) and tropical mixed deciduous forest (MDF) in 0.1 ha permanent plots, established at seven sites each in seven districts of state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Tree volume was calculated using site specific volume equation. The biomass of each species was estimated taking tree volume and species specific gravity. The relationship between basal area and above ground biomass showed positive correlation for all sites and forest types. In general DDF holds higher density, basal area and biomass than MDF irrespective of sites. Significantly higher basal area (m² ha-0.1) was recorded in DDF (6.45 ± 4.22) MDF (4.53 ± 3.56). Average above ground biomass of both DDF and MDF of all sites were 31.8 t ha-1and 20.7 t ha-1 respectively. Estimation of above ground tree biomass in the present study provides data for tropical deciduous forests covering a large part (24.66%) of state for further use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We show that sharp nonmonotic variation of low temperature electron mobility μ can be achieved in GaAs/AlxGa1-xAs barrier delta-doped double quantum well structure due to quantum mechanical transfer of subband electron wave functions within the wells. We vary the potential profile of the coupled structure as a function of the doping concentration in order to bring the subbands into resonance such that the subband energy levels anticross and the eigen states of the coupled structure equally share both the wells thereby giving rise to a dip in mobility. When the wells are of equal widths, the dip in mobility occurs under symmetric doping of the side barriers. In case of unequal well widths, the resonance can be obtained by suitable asymmetric variation of the doping concentrations. The dip in mobility becomes sharp and also the wavy nature of mobility takes a rectangular shape by increasing the barrier width. We show that the dip in mobility at resonance is governed by the interface roughness scattering through step like changes in the subband mobilities. It is also gratifying to show that the drop in mobility at the onset of occupation of second subband is substantially supressed through the quantum mechanical transfer of subband wave functions between the wells. Our results can be utilized for performance enhancement of coupled quantum well devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five synchrotron radiation beam lines are commissioned and now under regular operation at the Synchrotron Radiation Source, Indus-2 at Raja Ramanna Centre For Advanced Technology (RRCAT), Indore, India. Nine beam lines are under trial operation, and six beam lines are in the installation stage. In the early phase of installation of beam lines on Indus-2, three bending magnet beam lines, Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS, BL-8), Energy Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (EDXRD, BL-11) and Angle Dispersive X-ray Diffraction (ADXRD, BL-12), were installed and commissioned, after approval from Atomic Energy Regulatory Board (AERB), India. These beam lines are pink (BL-8), white (BL-11) and monochromatic (BL-12), which are housed in specially designed shielded hutches. In order to ensure safety of users and other working personnel from ionizing radiations present in these beam lines, several safety systems are incorporated and safety procedures are followed. The paper describes the radiological safety aspects of the three beam lines during its initial commissioning trials and also the measurements on radiation levels carried out in and around the beam line hutches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study deals with the estimation of tree density, basal area, biomass and carbon status with the help of nondestructive allometric equations method in tropical deciduous forest in 0.1 ha permanent plots, established in twenty sites in four districts of state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. The volume of tree was calculated using site specific local or regional volume equation. The biomass of each species was estimated taking tree volume and species specific gravity. The relationship between basal area and above ground biomass showed positive correlation for all sites and forest types. Field measurements for density ranged from 147 trees ha-1 to 777.5 trees ha-1 while basal area were 0.6 m2·ha-1 to 10.72 m2·ha-1. The biomass ranged from 3.99 t·ha-1 to 53.90 t·ha-1 and carbon stock from 1.89 t·ha-1 to 25.6 t·ha-1 across the all different study sites. This study concludes that tropical deciduous forests of the studied area in Madhya Pradesh are having strong potential for carbon sequestration. Estimation of above ground tree biomass in the present study provides data for tropical deciduous forests covering a large part (24.66%) of state for further use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Cr-Mn austenitic steel was tensile strained in the temperature range 273 K (0 °C) ≤ T ≤ 473 K (200 °C), to improve the understanding on the role of stacking fault energy (SFE) on the deformation behavior, associated microstructure, and mechanical properties of low-SFE alloys. The failed specimens were studied using X-ray diffraction, electron backscatter diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. The SFE of the steel was estimated to vary between ~ 10 to 40 mJ/m at the lowest and highest deformation temperatures, respectively. At the ambient temperatures, the deformation involved martensite transformation ( i.e., the TRIP effect), moderate deformation-induced twinning, and extended dislocations with wide stacking faults (SFs). The corresponding SF probability of austenite was very high (~10). Deformation twinning was most prevalent at 323 K (50 °C), also resulting in the highest uniform elongation at this temperature. Above 323 K (50 °C), the TRIP effect was suppressed and the incidence of twinning decreased due to increasing SFE. At elevated temperatures, fine nano-sized SF ribbons were observed and the SF probability decreased by an order (~10). High dislocation densities (~10 m) in austenite were estimated in the entire deformation temperature range. Dislocations had an increasingly screw character up to 323 K (50 °C), thereafter becoming mainly edge. The estimated dislocation and twin densities were found to explain approximately the measured flow stress on the basis of the Taylor equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: X-ray diffraction studies employing the Rietveld analysis is reported on the influence of increasing Co substitution on the structural and microstructural evolution in AB2O4 type spinel ferrites: Ni1−x Co x Fe2O4 (x =0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0). The specimens were synthesized by the organic precursor method. Structure refinement reveals that the pure NiFe2O4 is not an exact inverse spinel and about 11% of Ni2+ ions occupy the tetrahedral (A) sites. Increasing Co concentrations had the effect of increasing the ratio of and gradual expansion of the ferrite unit cell. The microstructure refinement estimates that the particle size values are in the order of ∼nm, ranging from 31 to 61nm, which gradually increase with increasing Co doping accompanied by almost negligible lattice micro strains (∼10−4). The corresponding particle size distribution for each specimen was obtained from the X-ray diffraction data from the basic assumption that the spherical nanoparticles follow the log-normal distribution. The size distribution for the pure NiFe2O4 was also estimated from transmission electron microscope and agreed well with that obtained by the diffraction data analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]