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Magnetic skyrmions and bimerons, characterized by their topological properties and low current-induced motion, are promising magnetic textures for spintronic (skyrmionic) applications. In this work, through atomistic simulations and micromagnetic analysis, we investigate the field-driven manipulation and conversion of skyrmions into bimerons. By applying an in-plane magnetic field, we observe a smooth transition from skyrmions to bimerons, evidencing the persistence of the soliton topology over a wide range of external magnetic fields. Additionally, we obtain a state diagram elucidating the dependence of nucleated topological textures on material parameters and in-plane magnetic field strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Geometry plays an important role in the nucleation, stabilization, and manipulation of magnetization patterns within magnetic nanoelements. This work analyzes the impact of curvature on the thermal stability of skyrmions hosted on Gaussian-shaped nanoshells. Based on annihilation processes observed in flat nanoparticles, three distinct annihilation processes—skyrmion contraction, expansion, and displacement toward the nanodot border—are analyzed. We show that curvature-induced effective interactions significantly alter the energy barriers associated with these annihilation processes. The changes in energy are related to the relative alignment between the skyrmion core and the direction normal to the surface, highlighting the presence of favorable and unfavorable chiralities for skyrmion stabilization in curved nanodots. We also show that, unlike the one obtained for flat nanodots, where the skyrmion lifetimes typically span seconds, the lowest energy barrier values in curved nanodots reach values that ensure skyrmion lifetimes at room temperature to months before thermal fluctuations annihilate them. Curvature parameters can control the annihilation mechanism. This enhancement in skyrmion stability holds even without external additional stimuli. This underscores the profound impact of curvature on the dynamic behavior and thermal stability of skyrmions within magnetic nanoelements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se plantean argumentos que respaldan la hipótesis de la existencia de la gallina doméstica en América del Sur antes de su descubrimiento. Con el establecimiento de colonias se introdujeron tipos europeos para el consumo de parte de la población. Se explica cómo se generó tecnología apropiada, produciéndose excedentes para exportar antes de 1950. Se comenta el fuerte cambio que sufre la gallina cultura en el Siglo XX con las primeras importaciones, creándose así una dependencia tecnológica. Se describen 11 tipos de gallina "criolla" que existen en el valle del Cauca, y se mencionan algunos ajustes fisiológicos y anatómicos que favorecen un mejor comportamiento de la gallina "criolla"; se discuten y proponen elementos para la creación de un banco de germoplasma con estas aves.There are arguments that favorate the hypotesis that the domestic hen lived in South America before its discovery. There was introduction of European types when the colonies settled. Through apropiate technology there was enough product for exports before 1950. Because of the first imports there was a strong change for the poultry production in the XX Century because of that a technological dependence was introduced. There are 11 diferent types of country hens in the Cauca Valley. Some phisiological and anatomical adjustements help a better development of the country hen in Colombia. This study proposes some elements to create a bank of germplasm with country hens.

Cylindrical magnetic nanowires (NWs) constitute a viable component of 3D nanoscale magnetic devices and engineering their response to external stimuli is necessary for their future functionalization. Here, by means of micromagnetic simulations, we study the dynamical response of vortex–antivortex and Bloch point domain walls under the action of an applied magnetic field in curved arc-shaped NWs varying the saturation magnetization value. Our results provide evidence that, in the range considered in this work, the curvature has no influence on the critical diameters, delimiting different domain wall types. However, it has a relevant effect on the domain wall dynamics. Specifically, the vortex–antivortex domain wall oscillates back and forth while rotating around the nanowire, and the frequency and amplitude can be tuned by curvature and applied field. On the contrary, Bloch point domain wall dynamics does not show any oscillatory behavior, and the domain wall is rapidly expelled from the nanowire with velocities similar to that of the straight cylindrical nanowires. These results allow engineering magnetic response of cylindrical nanowires with curvature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the nucleation and stabilization of torons in cylindrical nanopillars with bulk DMI and easy-plane anisotropy. A micromagnetic study reveals the dependence of toron chains on the nanopillar length and the different behaviors when nucleating an even or odd number of torons in a magnetic nanopillar. Spin wave resonant modes in these systems are explored, evidencing differences according to the number of torons. The interplay between torons, chiral bobbers, and their associated spin wave modes is analyzed, which is relevant for applications demanding dynamical modes in the range of gigahertz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY: The existence of pathogenic microorganisms in the poultry industry associated with the progression of antimicrobial resistance highlights the need to explore natural antimicrobial agents in maintaining poultry antibacterial standards. Essential oils are broad-spectrum natural agents against bacteria, showing a remarkable ability to combat bacterial resistance. These natural compounds demonstrate more effective antibacterial activity against multidrug-resistant strains than synthetic chemical antibiotics. Therefore, this review identifies the antibacterial benefits of Syzygium aromaticum essential oil in bacterial control of poultry and poultry products. The compilation of researched studies confirms that Syzygium aromaticum essential oil has proven to be a safe and effective oral antibiotic, promoting the preservation of eggs and meat without adverse impacts. Eugenol is the most significant contributor to its antibacterial activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Durante ocho semanas se observó el comportamiento de las variables ganancia de peso, consumo de alimento, conversión alimenticia y consumo de bebida para cada tratamiento los cuales consistieron en incrementar la concentración de la vinaza (O, 25, 50, 75 Y 100 o/o) en el agua de bebida. A medida que incrementó la concentración de vinaza, la ganancia de peso y el consumo de alimento decrecieron incidiendo en la conversión, la cual aumentó. Para los pollos de los tratamientos 50 y 75 % se presentó mayor consumo de bebida. Los animales que consumieron hasta un 50 o/ o de vinaza presen tan respuesta aceptable con respecto al grupo control.Was realized one preliminary evaluation of the vinasse, remainder of destillery, in the poultry nutrition. During eight weeks, was observed the behavior of the variables weight gains, consumoptiom of feeds, feeding conversion and consumption of drinks for every treatments, which consisted to increase the concentration of vinasse (O, 25, 50, 75 Y 100 %) in the water of the drink. According to the vinasse concentration was increased, the weight gains and the consumption of feeds were decreased, falling in the transformation, which increased. For the poultry with the 50 and 75 % treatments; there was consumption of drink greater. The animals consuming until 50% vinasse show one aceptable response with respect the control group.

An experiment was conducted with 144 middle weight Dekalb-Warren laying hens (28 to 70 weeks age), to evaluate the effects on feed consumption, % egg production, egg weight feed conversion per dozen and kilogram of egg produced, weight change, and pancreas size and weight due to the feeding of who le raw soybean (WRSB) replacing soybean bean (SBM) as a protein source in the diet in three feeding periods (42,28 and 14 weeks). There were no differences (PUn experimento se llevó a cabo con 144 gallinas Dekalb-Warren semipesadas en postura (28 a 70 semanas) para evaluar los efectos de reemplazar la torta de soya por el grano de soya crudo (G.S.C) suministrada por tres períodos de tiempo diferentes(42, 28 y 14 semanas). No hubo diferencias (P

Se localizaron poblaciones de la planta en los municipios de Santa Rosa-Cauca y de Mocoa-Putumayo y se hicieron observaciones fenológicas discontinuas entre abril de 1984 y agosto de 1986; simultáneamente se realizaron ensayos de propagación sexual y asexual (estacas y acodos). La floración, fructificación y emisión de follaje se presentaron con cierta periodicidad durante el período de observaciones, en tanto que la caída de follaje no ocurrió en volúmenes apreciables. Los ensayos de propagación sexual fracasaron, mientras que el enraizamiento de estacas, aún utilizando enraizadores, fue muy bajo (6.5 %); las únicas estacas que enraizaron fueron las terminales sembradas con yema foliar y hojas apicales. Todos los acodos formaron callo pero enraizaron más los tratados con enraizadores (75 %).This paper presents phenological, sexual and asexual propagation observations of Elaeagia pastoensis Mora, furthermore some botanic and ecology aspects of the plant were conssidered. The plant was found growing in Santa Rosa-Cauca and Mocoa-Putumayo municipalities where discontinual phenological observations were made; sexual and asexual (stem cutting and aereal layer) propagation experiments were made too. The field work carried out through april 1984 and august1986. Flowering, fruiting and leaf flushing appeared with some regularity during the observations period; the leaf fall was not observed in siqnificant quantyties. The sexual propagations was not sucesfully. The percentage of root setting taken from terminal of the branch with resinal bud leaves and apical leaves set roots. AII aerel layer formed callus, however the hi- ghest percentage of root setting (75%) was reached with treated ones with hormones.

A experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect on growing pullets (9 to 18 weeks) and from this age to peak produc­tion due to the replacement of 0, 50 and 100 % milo by paddy rice in combina­tion with soybean meal (SBM) or whole cooked soybean (WCSB) in the diet. De­kalb Warren pullets alloted with a comple­tely randomized design and factorial arrangement 2x3, with 5 replications by treatment and 30 experimental units of 60 pullets each were used. A 15 % of the pullets of each replications were used to evaluate the effects of the 3 pro­duction phase. The statistical analysis showed differences (P < 0.01) in feed consumption, weight gain and feed effi­ciency due to the replacement of milo and to the protein source used. Paddy ri­ce and WCSB can respectively replace 100 % milo and SBM in growing pu­llets diet. There were differences (P < 0.05) in sexual and peak production but not in 50 % production age due to the replacement of milo, decreasing the age to sexual maturity and increasing to peak production. Also, there were differences (P En la dieta de pollas semipesadas, de la línea Dekalb Warren, de 9 a 18 semanas, se reemplazó el sorgo por arroz paddy (0,50 y 100%) y se combinó con torta de so­ya ó soya integral cocida (SIC) (100° C x 35 minutos). Las aves se distribuyeron me­diante un diseño completamente al azar y un arreglo factorial 3x2, los tratamientos se aplicaron 5 veces y 60 aves confor­maron cada unidad experimental. En el 15 % de las aves de cada replicación se evaluó el efecto hasta el pico de postura. En la fase de levante hubo diferencias (P < 0.01) en consumo, aumento de peso y conversión alimenticia. El arroz paddy y la SIC pueden reemplazar respectivamen­te el 100 % del sorgo y la torta de soya en la dieta. Hubo diferencias (P < 0.05) en edad a la madurez sexual y pico de pos­tura, pero no 50% de postura atribuible al reemplazo de sorgo, disminuyendo la edad a la madurez sexual y retardándole el pico de postura conforme se incre­mentaron los niveles de reemplazo. Tam­bién hubo diferencias (P < 0.05) en edad a la madurez sexual, 50% y pico de pos­tura por la fuente de proteína; cuando se usó SIC presentándose más temprano la edad a la madurez sexual y 50% de pos­tura y más tarde la edad al pico da postu­ra. La mejor alternativa económica la cons­tituyó la dieta 100% arroz paddy + SIC.

El experimento se realizó con pollas livianas y semipesadas, en las etapas de cría y levante (0-8 y 9-18 semanas) con el fin de evaluar tres niveles de reemplazo de sorgo por arroz paddy (0,50 Y 100%) en la dieta, en combinación con torta de soya o soya integral cocida (SIC), con un arreglo factorial 3 x 2 x 2 correspondiente a 12 tratamientos con diferente número de replicaciones y 32 unidades experimentales de 56 y 49 aves respectivamente para las líneas liviana y semipesada. Se emplearon 251 pollas de la línea Dekalb-XL-Link y 220 de la línea Dekalb Warren para evaluar el efecto de las dietas de cría y levante, hasta el pico de postura. No hubo diferencias (PAn experiment was conducted with light and double purpose strains of growing-rearing pullets (0-8 and 9-18 weeks age), to evaluate the effects of the replacement (0,50 and 100%) of milo by paddy rice with whole cooked soybean (WCSB) and soybean meal (SBM) with a arrangement (3 x 2 x 2) for a total of twelve treatment and 32 experimental units of 56 and 49 light and double purpose pullets respectively. 251 light and 220 double purpose pullets were use to evaluate the effects of the growing-rearing diets phase on the laying phase. There were no differences (P

Understanding the key drivers controlling rainfall stable isotope variations in inland tropical regions remains a global challenge. We present novel high‐frequency isotope data (5–30 min intervals) to disentangle the evolution of six stratiform rainfall events (N = 112) during the passage of convective systems in inland Brazil (September 2019–June 2020). These systems produced stratiform rainfall of variable cloud features. Depleted stratiform events (δ18Oinitial ≤ −4.2‰ and δ18Omean ≤ −6.1‰) were characterized by cooler cloud‐top temperatures (≤−38°C), larger areas (≥48 km2), higher liquid‐ice ratios (≥3.1), and higher melting layer heights (≥3.8 km), compared to enriched stratiform events (δ18Oinitial ≥ −3.8‰ and δ18Omean ≥ −5.1‰). Cloud vertical structure variability was reflected in a wide range of δ18O temporal patterns and abrupt shifts in d‐excess. Our findings provide a new perspective to the ongoing debate about isotopic variability and the partitioning of rainfall types across the tropics. Plain Language Summary: Stable water isotopes were used to analyze the formation of stratiform rainfall in the inland tropics of Brazil. The growth of this type of precipitation is associated with continuous condensation‐deposition processes. High‐resolution isotopic variations were analyzed using meteorological information, including satellite products and vertical micro rain radar observations. Our results showed that for stratiform rainfall, clouds with higher temperatures are related to more heavy isotopes, while less heavy isotopes are more frequent for stratiform rainfall coming from colder clouds. Our findings provide a detailed framework to improve isotope enabled models skills to represent the isotopic composition for different cloud types based on observations. Key Points: Weather systems and cloud development modulate rainfall isotope depletionsCloud top temperature, rain area, and water content (liquid‐ice ratio) are key parameters to decipher tropical rainfall isotope variationsIsotopic variations during intra‐evens are controlled by cloud phases, rainfall vertical structure, and the height of the melting layer [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article was originally published online on 13 February 2024 with the affiliations incorrectly linked to the fourth and fifth authors. The author links are correct as they appear above. All online versions of this article were corrected on 24 June 2024. AIP Publishing apologizes for this error.By G. H. R. Bittencourt; V. L. Carvalho-Santos; O. Chubykalo-Fesenko; D. Altbir and R. MorenoReported by Author; Author; Author; Author; Author [Extracted from the article]

Limitations of formal learning (e.g., one-way communication, rigid methodology, results-oriented approach) can significantly influence the motivation and expectation of students, thus resulting in an academic progress reduction. In order to make learning processes more playful and motivating, this paper presents a new educational experience developed by two groups of Computer Science students at the University of Huelva (Spain). As a result, an authentic real experience was incorporated into the classical teaching of Artificial Intelligence courses where classroom sessions were changed during some days for an international online competition. A comprehensive study considering the competition ranking, the students' opinion and their academic progress was analysed to assess the followed methodology. We found out that the educational experience improved the students' motivation, thereby enhancing their academic performance and personal skills as a result of learning through play. Moreover, additional teaching goals (e.g., learning new programming languages or increasing exam attendance) were obtained because of the positive motivation experienced by the competition. As a conclusion, this paradigm of real-life experience--not otherwise provided by traditional practical lessons--allowed us to ascertain that the process is more important than the outcome, which could be adapted to different teaching scenarios within an institution.

Concern has been expressed throughout Europe about the significant deficiencies in the basic mathematical skills of many engineering undergraduates. Mathematics diagnostic tests in the UK, Ireland and Portugal have shown these shortcomings, which provide a challenge to those striving to introduce more innovative educational practices into engineering education, such as projects or real-world problems. Every year, in the Dublin Institute of Technology (Ireland) and the Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Coimbra (Portugal), a diagnostic test is given to incoming first-year students. A comparison showed some potentially interesting differences between these students. In September 2013, a project was undertaken to compare mathematical competencies of incoming engineering students in both countries. A modified diagnostic test was devised and the results were then compared to ascertain if there are common areas of difficulty between students in Ireland and Portugal, or evidence of one group significantly outperforming the other in a particular area.

The present paper investigates TiO2 nanoparticle (TiO2-NP) deposition on cotton fabric through a pulsed electrical current in a water/TiO2-NP solution. The experiments used short voltage pulses with an amplitude around 1200 V, an intermediate value between those used in electrophoretic deposition (tens of V) and plasma discharge in liquids (tens of thousands of V). A sequence of pulse trains with five pulses of 1.0 μs delivered electrical energy to the mixture. The electrodes were kept 28 mm apart. An asymmetry appeared in the current waveform when the medium contained TiO2-NPs. The pieces of cotton fabric were characterized using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The electrical discharge treatment increased the Ti concentration on the fabric surface by as much as 6% according to XPS analysis. XRD analysis confirmed the XPS results for treated samples, indicating the presence of anatase TiO2. In the FTIR analysis, a shoulder at 800 cm−1 was observed and can be associated with coordination interactions between Ti and the OH groups of glucose. The nanoparticle adhesion was verified by observing the cotton fabric surface through field emission gun scanning electron microscopy after multiple washes. Even after 20 washing cycles, there was a considerable amount of nanoparticles on the sample surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]