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INTRODUCTION: Platelet collection by apheresis is common nowadays. Many cell separators are available in the market for the same. This study was conducted to study the effect of various donor factors on platelet yield and the effect of different cell separator variables on platelet yield. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was done on 600 healthy apheresis platelet donors from April 2016 to March 2017 using three different cell separators. Donor variables, pre, and post-plateletpheresis hematological parameters, machine variables, platelet yield were observed. RESULTS: Postprocedural decline in hematological variables was seen. A positive correlation was seen with pre-apheresis platelet count, blood volume processed, and product volume. Product volume obtained was highest with COM. TEC. Mean platelet yield was maximally seen in Amicus. CONCLUSION: Main predictors of platelet yield are platelet count and volume processed. Donors with lower hemoglobin had better yields. Higher platelet counts lead to better product hence platelet increment in the patient.

Vehicular ad-hoc network (VANET) technology has gained prominence, especially in the context of the emerging field of VANET Cloud as an integral part of connected and autonomous vehicles. The automotive industry’s move towards automation and the integration of vehicles into the digital ecosystem has revolutionized wireless network communications. Nevertheless, security remains a paramount concern in these advanced technological landscapes. Safeguarding system integrity and data privacy is of utmost importance before the widespread adoption of VANET Cloud solutions. This study addresses the critical challenge of security within the context of VANET Cloud. Specifically, the focus is on anticipating and mitigating Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, which can potentially disrupt the functioning of connected vehicles and associated cloud-based services. To tackle this issue, an innovative architectural framework is proposed to capture and analyze network flows within the VANET Cloud environment. Additionally, it leverages machine learning techniques for classification and predictive analytics with an accuracy of 99.59%. The architecture presented in this research offers the potential to significantly enhance security measures in VANET Cloud deployments. Its adaptability ensures practical applicability to real-world systems, enabling timely responses to security threats and breaches.

BackgroundCOVID-19 was declared as a Public Health Emergency of International Concern on 30th January 2020. Compared to the general population, healthcare workers and their families have been identified to be at a higher risk of getting infected with COVID-19. Therefore, it is crucial to understand the risk factors responsible for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection among health workers in different hospital settings and to describe the range of clinical presentations of SARS-CoV-2 infection among them.MethodologyA nested case–control study was conducted among healthcare workers who were involved in the care of COVID-19 cases for assessing the risk factors associated with it. To get a holistic perspective, the study was conducted in 19 different hospitals from across 7 states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Gujarat, and Rajasthan) of India covering the major government and private hospitals that were actively involved in COVID-19 patient care. The study participants who were not vaccinated were enrolled using the incidence density sampling technique from December 2020 to December 2021.ResultsA total of 973 health workers consisting of 345 cases and 628 controls were recruited for the study. The mean age of the participants was observed to be 31.17 ± 8.5 years, with 56.3% of them being females. On multivariate analysis, the factors that were found to be significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 were age of more than 31 years (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.407 [95% CI 1.53–1.880]; p = 0.021), male gender (aOR 1.342 [95% CI 1.019–1.768]; p = 0.036), practical mode of IPC training on personal protective equipment (aOR 1. 1.935 [95% CI 1.148–3.260]; p = 0.013), direct exposure to COVID-19 patient (aOR 1.413 [95% CI 1.006–1.985]; p = 0.046), presence of diabetes mellitus (aOR 2.895 [95% CI 1.079–7.770]; p = 0.035) and those received prophylactic treatment for COVID-19 in the last 14 days (aOR 1.866 [95% CI 0.201–2.901]; p = 0.006).ConclusionThe study was able to highlight the need for having a separate hospital infection control department that implements IPC programs regularly. The study also emphasizes the need for developing policies that address the occupational hazards faced by health workers.

Background and Objectives: Platelet (PLT) deficiency is a common cause of bleeding and PLT transfusions are often indicated for the same. PLT refractoriness is a challenging complication in patients dependent on PLT transfusions. The present study aimed to find out any effect of the donor, recipient, and machine variables on PLT increment (PI) and percent PLT recovery. Patient and Methods: A total of 600 apheresis PLT donors and 600 patients were included in this study; however, the PI and percent platelet recovery (PPR) were analyzed for only 535 patients. The data were collected such as the donor's age, gender, preapheresis hemoglobin (Hb), PLT count, PLT product yield, patient's age, gender, weight, pre- and posttransfusion Hb, and PLT count. PI and PPR were calculated and compared across different groups. Results: Refractoriness was more seen in hematological disorders in comparison to nonhematological disorders (P = 0.00001). However, no significant association of donor and recipient characteristics with PI was seen. Conclusion: PI does not depend on recipient characteristics such as age, gender, pretransfusion PLT count, and Hb.

In the field of antitumor DNA-intercalating agents, 9-anilinoacridines play an important role due to their antiproliferative properties. Several cancer chemotherapeutics such as amascrine and nitracrine have been developed as anticancer agents. In the present study, several 2-methyl-9 substituted (AS 0–8) acridines were synthesized by nucleophilic substitution of 2-methyl-9-chloroacridine (AS) with aromatic amines. The structures of novel compounds were determined using spectroscopic methods. Three compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against A-549 (Human, small cell lung carcinoma) and MCF-7 (Human, breast cancer) cell lines using the MTT assay. Compound AS-2 showed higher in vitro cytotoxic activity against A-549 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines with CTC50 187.5 and 212.5 μg/ml respectively. The cancer cell cytotoxicity of acridines against A-549 cell line was found to be more active than MCF-7 cell line.

Brassica species (tribe Brassiceae) belonging to U's triangle--B. rapa (AA), B. nigra (BB), B. oleracea (CC), B. juncea (AABB), B. napus (AACC) and B. carinata (BBCC)--originated via two polyploidization rounds: a U event producing the three allopolyploids, and a more ancient b genome-triplication event giving rise to the A-, B-, and C-genome diploid species. Molecular mapping studies, in situ hybridization, and genome sequencing of B. rapa support the genome triplication origin of tribe Brassiceae, and suggest that these three diploid species diversified from a common hexaploid ancestor. Analysis of plastid DNA has revealed two distinct lineages--Rapa/Oleracea and Nigra--that conflict with hexaploidization as a single event defining the tribe Brassiceae. We analysed an R-block region of A. thaliana present in six copies in B. juncea (AABB), three copies each on A- and B-genomes to study gene fractionation pattern and synonymous base substitution rates (Ks values). Divergence time of paralogues within the A and B genomes and homoeologues between the A and B genomes was estimated. Homoeologous R blocks of the A and B genomes exhibited high gene collinearity and a conserved gene fractionation pattern. The three progenitors of diploid Brassicas were estimated to have diverged approximately 12 mya. Divergence of B. rapa and B. nigra, calculated from plastid gene sequences, was estimated to have occurred approximately 12 mya, coinciding with the divergence of the three genomes participating in the b event. Divergence of B. juncea A and B genome homoeologues was estimated to have taken place around 7 mya. Based on divergence time estimates and the presence of distinct plastid lineages in tribe Brassiceae, it is concluded that at least two independent triplication events involving reciprocal crosses at the time of the b event have given rise to Rapa/Oleracea and Nigra lineages.

Abstract  In this paper, sufficient optimality conditions for a multiobjective subset programming problem are established under generalized $$(\mathcal{F}, \alpha, \rho, d)$$-type-I functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate how metal-tolerant rhizobacteria isolated from the mine area and landfill site influence the phytoremediation efficacy of B. juncea plants in metal-contaminated soils. Out of four cadmium-tolerant rhizobacteria, isolate SMHMZ4 showed the promising phytoextraction efficacy of B. juncea. Isolate SMHMZ4 was identified as Pseudomonas guguanensis and submitted to NCBI GenBank under accession number MZ145097. These rhizobia were reported for the first time to support metal-Cd phytoremediation using B. juncea. Compared with the non-inoculated control, SHMMZ4 treatment significantly improved the germination of B. juncea seeds and increased soluble heavy metals in soil by 7.78 times. Growth and health parameters, pigment and metal accumulation in roots and shoots of isolate SHMMZ4 inoculated B. juncea grown in individual soil contaminated with 94.95 μg g-1 CdCl2 were significantly increased. Pot experiments showed that SHMMZ4 could transfer heavy metals from soil to roots, from roots to shoots and the values of translocation coefficient, bioconcentration coefficient, and bioaccumulation coefficient were 1.28, 1.22, and 1.72, respectively, which were significantly higher than the non-inoculated control. In the present study it is demonstrated that the amendments of rhizobacteria to B. juncea is believed to be a more promising method for green remediation of cadmium.