10 results on '"Scheepers, Daan T."'
Search Results
2. On the physiology of interruption after unexpectedness
- Author
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Noordewier, Marret K., Scheepers, Daan T., Stins, John F., and Hagenaars, Muriel A.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Freezing in response to social threat: a replication
- Author
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Noordewier, Marret K., Scheepers, Daan T., and Hilbert, Leon P.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Sensitive liberals and unfeeling conservatives? Interoceptive sensitivity predicts political liberalism
- Author
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Ruisch, Benjamin C., Von Mohr, Mariana, Naber, Marnix, Tsakiris, Manos, Fazio, Russell H., Scheepers, Daan T., Leerstoel Stigchel, Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology (onderzoeksprogramma PF), Leerstoel Ellemers, and Social identity: Morality and diversity
- Subjects
Sociology and Political Science ,Public Administration ,physiology ,ideology ,politics ,interoception ,Social Sciences (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The stark divide between the political right and left is rooted in conflicting beliefs, values, and personality—and, recent research suggests, perhaps even lower-level physiological differences between individuals. In this registered report, we investigated a novel domain of ideological differences in physiological processes: interoceptive sensitivity—that is, a person’s attunement to their own internal bodily states and signals (e.g., physiological arousal, pain, and respiration). We conducted two studies testing the hypothesis that greater interoceptive sensitivity would be associated with greater conservatism: one laboratory study in the Netherlands using a physiological heartbeat detection task and one large-scale online study in the United States employing an innovative webcam-based measure of interoceptive sensitivity. Contrary to our predictions, we found evidence that interoceptive sensitivity may instead predict greater political liberalism (versus conservatism), although this association was primarily limited to the American sample. We discuss implications for our understanding of the physiological underpinnings of political ideology.
- Published
- 2022
5. Reflecting on Existential Threats Elicits Self-Reported Negative Affect but No Physiological Arousal
- Author
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Poppelaars, Eefje S, Klackl, Johannes, Scheepers, Daan T, Mühlberger, Christina, Jonas, Eva, Leerstoel Ellemers, Social identity: Morality and diversity, Leerstoel Ellemers, and Social identity: Morality and diversity
- Subjects
Respiratory rate ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,emotion ,050105 experimental psychology ,Existentialism ,Arousal ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,arousal ,Mortality salience ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Set (psychology) ,General Psychology ,Original Research ,imagined ,Salience (language) ,05 social sciences ,existential threat ,lcsh:Psychology ,physiology ,Trait ,mortality salience ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Sinus arrythmia ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
There is mixed evidence whether reflecting on an existential threat increases negative affect and thereby elicits subjective arousal and physiological activation. Additionally, it is debated whether different existential and non-existential threats elicit different arousal responses, although systematic comparisons are lacking. The current study explored affective, subjective, and physiological arousal responses while comparing several existential threats with a non-existential threat and with a control condition. One-hundred-and-seventy-one undergraduate students were randomly allocated to one of four existential threat conditions: mortality salience (MS), freedom restriction, uncontrollability, and uncertainty; or to the non-existential threat condition: social-evaluative threat (SET); or to a control condition (TV salience). Self-reported positive/negative affect was measured before and after reflection, while subjective arousal and physiological activation (electrodermal, cardiovascular, and respiratory) were measured on a high time-scale during baseline and reflection. Results showed larger increases in self-reported negative affect, as compared to the control condition, for all existential threat conditions, while there were no differences between the control condition and threat conditions regarding positive affect, subjective arousal, skin conductance, respiratory rate, and respiratory sinus arrythmia. There were subtle differences between existential and non-existential threat conditions, most notably in affective responses. Correlations showed positive associations between negative affect and subjective arousal and between trait avoidance and subjective arousal. This study is the first to systematically compare affective, subjective, and physiological changes in arousal due to reflecting on different existential threats, as well as one non-existential threat. We showed that, as compared to a control condition, reflecting on threats has a large impact on negative affect, but no significant impact on positive affect, subjective arousal, and physiological activation.
- Published
- 2020
6. Frontiers in Psychology / Reflecting on existential threats elicits self-reported negative affect but no physiological arousal
- Author
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Poppelaars, Eefje S., Klackl, Johannes, Scheepers, Daan T., Mühlberger, Christina, and Jonas, Eva
- Subjects
imagined ,arousal ,physiology ,mortality salience ,emotion ,existential threat - Abstract
There is mixed evidence whether reflecting on an existential threat increases negative affect and thereby elicits subjective arousal and physiological activation. Additionally, it is debated whether different existential and non-existential threats elicit different arousal responses, although systematic comparisons are lacking. The current study explored affective, subjective, and physiological arousal responses while comparing several existential threats with a non-existential threat and with a control condition. One-hundred-and-seventy-one undergraduate students were randomly allocated to one of four existential threat conditions: mortality salience (MS), freedom restriction, uncontrollability, and uncertainty; or to the non-existential threat condition: social-evaluative threat (SET); or to a control condition (TV salience). Self-reported positive/negative affect was measured before and after reflection, while subjective arousal and physiological activation (electrodermal, cardiovascular, and respiratory) were measured on a high time-scale during baseline and reflection. Results showed larger increases in self-reported negative affect, as compared to the control condition, for all existential threat conditions, while there were no differences between the control condition and threat conditions regarding positive affect, subjective arousal, skin conductance, respiratory rate, and respiratory sinus arrythmia. There were subtle differences between existential and non-existential threat conditions, most notably in affective responses. Correlations showed positive associations between negative affect and subjective arousal and between trait avoidance and subjective arousal. This study is the first to systematically compare affective, subjective, and physiological changes in arousal due to reflecting on different existential threats, as well as one non-existential threat. We showed that, as compared to a control condition, reflecting on threats has a large impact on negative affect, but no significant impact on positive affect, subjective arousal, and physiological activation. (VLID)5271511
- Published
- 2020
7. Interventions to Reduce Blatant and Subtle Sexual Orientation‐ and Gender Identity Prejudice (SOGIP): Current Knowledge and Future Directions.
- Author
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Cramwinckel, Florien M., van der Toorn, Jojanneke, and Scheepers, Daan T.
- Subjects
SEXUAL orientation ,GENDER identity ,PREJUDICES ,MINORITIES ,KNOWLEDGE gap theory - Abstract
Abstract: Given its prevalence and impact, it is important that prejudice against sexual‐and gender identity minorities is reduced and that negative behaviors against these minorities are prevented. We introduce and provide a definition of the term Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Prejudice (SOGIP), and discuss its determinants and configurations as well as ways to measure it. Furthermore, we review the recent social psychological literature on SOGIP‐reducing interventions, identify scientific knowledge gaps regarding these interventions, and offer recommendations on how to apply the available knowledge to real‐life situations. We conclude that there are many interventions currently being employed to target SOGIP with some seeming more effective than others. Particularly promising interventions are those aimed at evoking empathy and perspective taking and those aimed at developing alliances between minority and majority members. However, there is still room for improvement. Overall, little empirical evidence speaks to the robustness of intervention effects, its underlying mechanisms, duration, and boundary conditions. Researchers should focus on all aspects of SOGIP (i.e., sexual orientation prejudice as well as gender identity prejudice); different expressions of prejudice (i.e., blatant and subtle), actual behavior towards minorities, and on both perpetrators and targets of prejudice. By joining forces, researchers and practitioners should aim to overcome practical and theoretical obstacles in evaluating the effectiveness of interventions. Policy makers should support initiatives that test, improve, implement and distribute intervention programs, and can help bring together researchers and practitioners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. What seems attractive may not always work well: Evaluative and cardiovascular responses to morality and competence levels in decision-making teams.
- Author
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van Prooijen, Anne-Marie, Ellemers, Naomi, van der Lee, Romy, and Scheepers, Daan T.
- Subjects
SOCIAL psychology ,PRODUCTIVE life span ,MOTIVATION (Psychology) ,INTERGROUP relations ,DECISION making - Abstract
People are particularly attracted to groups that value morality. However, in social and work life, team decision-making sometimes involves balancing moral considerations with achievement goals in ambiguous situations. We examined how the importance attached to morality and competence in experimentally created task teams influenced perceived team attractiveness and motivational responses. Results showed that team attractiveness was fully determined by value attached to morality in a team. However, cardiovascular responses revealed that when actually engaging in a team interaction where unanimous decisions had to be made about competing considerations, value attached to both morality and competence in a team influenced participants’ motivational states. Congruence between the value attached to morality and competence elicited adaptive challenge responses, while incongruence between these team features elicited maladaptive threat. These results have important theoretical and practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. On Being Unpredictable and Winning.
- Author
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De Dreu, Carsten K. W., Gross, Jörg, Arciniegas, Andrea, Hoenig, Laura C., Rojek-Giffin, Michael, and Scheepers, Daan T.
- Subjects
- *
RISK-taking behavior , *PREDATION , *TESTOSTERONE , *HOSTILITY , *FRIENDSHIP , *GAME theory - Abstract
In theory, it can be strategically advantageous for competitors to make themselves unpredictable to their opponents, for example, by variably mixing hostility and friendliness. Empirically, it remains open whether and how competitors make themselves unpredictable, why they do so, and how this conditions conflict dynamics and outcomes. We examine these questions in interactive attacker–defender contests, in which attackers invest to capture resources held and defended by their opponent. Study 1, a reanalysis of nine (un)published experiments (total N = 650), reveals significant cross-trial variability especially in proactive attacks and less in reactive defense. Study 2 (N = 200) shows that greater variability makes both attacker's and defender's next move more difficult to predict, especially when variability is due to occasional rather than (in)frequent extreme investments in conflict. Studies 3 (N = 27) and 4 (N = 106) show that precontest testosterone, a hormone associated with risk-taking and status competition, drives variability during attack which, in turn, increases sympathetic arousal in defenders and defender variability (Study 4). Rather than being motivated by wealth maximization, being unpredictable in conflict and competition emerges in function of the attacker's desire to win "no matter what" and comes with significant welfare cost to both victor and victim. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Sensitive liberals and unfeeling conservatives? Interoceptive sensitivity predicts political liberalism .
- Author
-
Ruisch BC, Mohr MV, Naber M, Tsakiris M, Fazio RH, and Scheepers DT
- Subjects
- Humans, Heart Rate, Netherlands, Personality Disorders, Pain, Personality
- Abstract
The stark divide between the political right and left is rooted in conflicting beliefs, values, and personality-and, recent research suggests, perhaps even lower-level physiological differences between individuals. In this registered report, we investigated a novel domain of ideological differences in physiological processes: interoceptive sensitivity-that is, a person's attunement to their own internal bodily states and signals (e.g., physiological arousal, pain, and respiration). We conducted two studies testing the hypothesis that greater interoceptive sensitivity would be associated with greater conservatism: one laboratory study in the Netherlands using a physiological heartbeat detection task and one large-scale online study in the United States employing an innovative webcam-based measure of interoceptive sensitivity. Contrary to our predictions, we found evidence that interoceptive sensitivity may instead predict greater political liberalism (versus conservatism), although this association was primarily limited to the American sample. We discuss implications for our understanding of the physiological underpinnings of political ideology.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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