Search

The past decade witnessed important changes in the Amazon region. The diversity of cities and urbanization processes has shown that it is inadequate to envision urbanization as a singular process. Rather, urbanization needs to be understood as a variety of processes and with a multitude of complex consequences. In order to understand this emergent and complex urbanization in the Amazon the topic of urbanization has to be critically discussed and the unique nuances that characterize contemporary dynamics between rural and urban spaces in Amazonia must be understood. Food is a means to provide insights into the nuances of ribeirinho social, economic, spatial, and environmental dynamics. Thus the analysis of contemporary ribeirinho food acquisition and consumption practices, gives special attention to the important role of roving riverine markets in food regimes, which serve as a connective tissue in the Amazon, linking settlements throughout the region socially, economically, and environmentally. Clearly there has been a reconfiguration and strengthening of the urban network and the Urban-Ribeirinho Territorial System in the Amazon has changed consumptive and productive practices that characterize ribeirinho livelihoods. These changing practices have important implications for land use and agricultural/extractive activities central for the understanding of urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon. A última década testemunhou mudanças na região Amazônica. A diversidade das cidades e os processos de urbanização mostraram que é inadequado imaginar a urbanização como um processo singular. O tema da urbanização deve ser discutido de forma crítica e as nuances únicas que caracterizam a dinâmica contemporânea entre espaços rurais e urbanos na Amazônia devem ser entendidas. A alimentação é um meio para fornecer informações sobre as dinâmicas sociais, econômicas, espaciais e ambientais da população ribeirinha. Assim, a análise das práticas contemporâneas de aquisição e consumo de alimentos pelo ribeirinhos permite compreender os regimes alimentares, que compõe a Amazônia, relacionando aspectos sociais, econômicos e ambientais. Claramente, houve uma reconfiguração e fortalecimento da rede urbana e do Sistema Territorial Urban-Ribeirinho na Amazônia. Modificou-se as práticas de consumo e produtivas que caracterizam os modos de vida ribeirinho. Estas mudanças nas práticas de consumo e produtivas têm implicações importantes para o uso do solo e atividades agrícolas / extrativistas centrais para a compreensão da urbanização na Amazônia brasileira. La dernière décennie a été témoin de changements dans la région amazonienne. La diversité des villes et des processus d'urbanisation a montré qu'il est inadéquat d'envisager l'urbanisation comme un processus singulier. Le thème de l'urbanisation doit être discuté de manière critique et les nuances uniques qui caractérisent les dynamiques contemporaines entre les espaces ruraux et urbains en Amazonie doivent être comprises. La nourriture est un moyen de donner un aperçu des nuances de la dynamique sociale, économique, spatiale et environnementale ribeirinha. Ainsi, l'analyse des pratiques contemporaines d'acquisition et de consommation des aliments ribeirinhas, accorde une attention particulière au rôle important des marchés fluviaux dans les régimes alimentaires, qui servent de tissu conjonctif en Amazonie, reliant les établissements de la région socialement, économiquement et écologiquement. De toute évidence, il y a eu une reconfiguration et un renforcement du réseau urbain et du Système Territorial Urban-Ribeirinho en Amazonie qui ont modifié les pratiques productives et consommatrices qui caractérisent les moyens de vie des ribeirinhos. Ces pratiques changeantes ont des implications importantes pour l'utilisation des terres et les activités agricoles / extractives essentielles à la compréhension de l'urbanisation en Amazonie brésilienne.

In the Brazilian Amazon, a strong transformation of eating habits has been identified. An important element of this transformation is the replacement of locally obtained protein by "frozen" chicken meat. This transformation of eating habits occurs differently depending on the market structure, production and commerce. We sought to analyze the Tri-Border region of Brazil-Colombia-Peru from the perspective of the production and trade ofchicken. We identified the importance of the city of Tabatinga and the particularities of the other cities, as well as urban interactions, supply flows and the economic relations that occur with the nearby Peruvian and Colombian cities. Using "chicken" as an important variable, this paper discusses the urban network and the frontier dynamics in the western border of the Amazon. Resumen En la Amazonía brasileña, se identifica cada vez más una fuerte transformación de los hábitos alimenticios, especialmente en relación con la sustitución del consumo de alimentos frescos por comida procesada. Un elemento importante de esta transformación es la sustitución de proteína obtenida a nivel local por la carne de pollo "congelado". Esta transformación de los hábitos alimenticios se produce de forma diferente dependiendo de la estructura de mercado, la producción y la comercialización. Hemos tratado de examinar el área de la Triple Frontera Brasil-Colombia-Perú, considerando la importancia de la ciudad de Tabatinga en la región y las peculiaridades de otras ciudades, así como las interacciones urbanas, buscando identificar los flujos de suministro y las relaciones económicas, que también se producen con las ciudades cercanas de Perú y Colombia. A través de la variable "pollo", este artículo hace una relectura de la red urbana y la dinámica en la frontera occidental de la Amazonía. Resumo Na Amazônia brasileira, identifica-se cada vez mais uma forte transformação dos hábitos alimentares especialmente com relação à substituição do consumo de alimentos frescos pela comida processada. Um elemento importante dessa transformação é a substituição de proteína obtida localmente pela carne de frango "congelada". Essa transformação dos hábitos alimentares se produz de forma diferente e depende da estrutura de mercado, da produção e da comercialização. Tentou-se examinar a área da Tríplice Fronteira Brasil-Colômbia-Peru, a importância da cidade de Tabatinga na região e as peculiaridades de outras cidades, bem como as interações urbanas a fim de identificar os fluxos de abastecimento e as relações econômicas, que também são produzidas com as cidades próximas do Peru e da Colômbia. Por meio da variável "frango", este artigo faz uma releitura da rede urbana e da dinâmica na fronteira ocidental da Amazônia.

International audience; The water level of the Amazon and of its tributaries varies significantly from one season to another. For instance, at Iquitos station (Peru), the water level varies from 18 meters in May-June to 8 meters in September-October. That is why, during the low-flow period, cultivating becomes possible and is important on the riverbanks and in the inundation plains. Agricultural production in a family-based system on the riverbanks and inundation plains is very important in terms of guarantee of supply for food security. In order to understand the important relation between agriculture, food security and hydrological system some characteristics of the local agriculture in the Amazonian region located between Iquitos (Peru) and the triple frontier between Brazil, Peru and Colombia are first presented using results from field observations, survey and data from the Peruvian and Brazilian Agricultural agencies. Then, information about the interannual variability (1980-2014) of the hydrological cycle of the Solimões River are presented: discussion and definition of the dates of the beginning and of the end of the low-flow period, duration of the low flow period, velocity of the water level changes during the increasing and decreasing flow periods, presence of “false alarm” at the beginning or at the end of the dry and the wet period, … This part is developed using water level data from the national hydrological services of Peru and Brazil and from the Environmental Research Observatory SOHYBAM (Geodynamical, hydrological and biogeochemical control of erosion/alteration and material transport in the Amazon basin). Finally, as a shorter than usual length of the low flow season, a rapid increase of the water level, a “false” beginning of the low water season, etc. are hazards that may put at risk sowing and plant development, hydrological parameters are related to yield values seeking possible correlations between extreme events and food security in the region.