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Mutational profiles of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) have established that a relatively small number of genetic aberrations, including SF3B1 and SRSF2 spliceosome mutations, lead to specific phenotypes and prognostic subgrouping. We performed a multi-omics factor analysis (MOFA) on two published MDS cohorts of bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) and CD34 + cells with three data modalities (clinical, genotype, and transcriptomics). Seven different views, including immune profile, inflammation/aging, retrotransposon (RTE) expression, and cell-type composition, were derived from these modalities to identify the latent factors with significant impact on MDS prognosis. SF3B1 was the only mutation among 13 mutations in the BMMNC cohort, indicating a significant association with high inflammation. This trend was also observed to a lesser extent in the CD34 + cohort. Interestingly, the MOFA factor representing the inflammation shows a good prognosis for MDS patients with high inflammation. In contrast, SRSF2 mutant cases show a granulocyte-monocyte progenitor (GMP) pattern and high levels of senescence, immunosenescence, and malignant myeloid cells, consistent with their poor prognosis. Furthermore, MOFA identified RTE expression as a risk factor for MDS. This work elucidates the efficacy of our integrative approach to assess the MDS risk that goes beyond all the scoring systems described thus far for MDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between seven important H. pylori virulence factors and antibiotic resistance in patients with gastritis. H. pylori strains isolated from 33 patients with gastritis were examined. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were tested by GenoType® HelicoDR (Hain Life Science, Germany) test kit and RT-PCR. The virulence-factors were determined using conventional PCR. 39% of patients were resistant for clarithromycin and 27% of patients were resistant for fluoroquinolone. 15% of patients were resistant to both clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone. The H. pylori vacA m1/s2 genotype was the most frequent allelic combination. Patients were possessed the vacA s1, m1 (6.1%); s1, m2 (6.1%); s2, m1 (15.1%); and s2, m2 (3.0%) genotypes. 94% of patients with gastritis were positive for H. pylori napA gene. Also, there were no dupA gene-positive gastritis patients. There was no significant correlation between the vacA, cagA, oipA, hpaA, babA, napA, dupA, ureA, ureB virulence genes, clarithromycin, and fluoroquinolone resistance. Herein, we report that the relationship between the H. pylori napA gene and gastritis. Although we found a correlation between H. pylori virulence factor and clinical outcome, there is a need for further studies to enlighten the relation between H. pylori virulence genes and antibiotic resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation Deciphering nucleosome–nucleosome interactions is an important step toward mesoscale description of chromatin organization but computational tools to perform such analyses are not publicly available. Results We developed iNucs, a user-friendly and efficient Python-based bioinformatics tool to compute and visualize nucleosome-resolved interactions using standard pairs format input generated from pairtools. Availabilityand implementation https://github.com/Karimi-Lab/inucs/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The progression to gastric cancer has been linked to chronic infection with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori). Immune checkpoint inhibitors (programmed cell death -1, PD-1; programmed cell death –ligand 1, PD-L1) have a role in cancer immune escape. The relationship between H. pylori virulence factors with PD-1, PD-L1 T helper 1 (Th1), T helper 17 (Th17), and regulatory T cell (Treg) response genes, has not been thoroughly investigated in the development of gastric cancer. Therefore, we evaluated how H. pylori virulence factors influence the expression levels of immune-related genes in the development of gastric immunopathology. A total of 92 gastric tissues of normal controls and patients with gastritis, gastric ulcer, and gastric cancer were examined for the expression of immune-checkpoint inhibitor genes (PD-1 PD-L1), Th1 (interferon- γ, IFN-γ), Th17 (interleukin- 17, IL-17, Retinoic-acid-receptor- related orphan nuclear receptor gamma t, RORγ-t), and Treg (Forkhead box P3, FOXP3) response genes with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Furthermore, correlation of H. pylori virulence factors' (cytotoxin-associated gene A, cagA ; vacuolating cytotoxin gene A, vacA (s1,s2,m1,m2) ; blood group antigen-binding adhesin gene A , babA , duodenal ulcer promoting gene A, dupA ; the putative neuraminyllactose-binding hemagglutinin homolog , hpaA ; neutrophil-activating protein A napA ; outer inflammatory protein A, oipA ; urease A , ureA ; and urease B, ureB) genotypes with a degree of inflammation and density of H. pylori were investigated. Next, the relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and immune-checkpoint inhibitor genes, and T-cell response genes was evaluated. Eventually, a decision tree model was developed to determine the clinical outcome of patients using expression data. The intensity of PD-1 and PD-L1 mRNA expression was increased significantly in gastric tissue of patients with gastric ulcer (PD-1: 2.3 fold, p=0.01; PD-L1: 2.1 fold, p=0.004), and gastric cancer (PD-1: 2 fold, p= 0.04; PD-L1: 1.8 fold, p=0.05) compared with control subjects. Also, PD-1: PD-L1 expression was significantly higher in patients with gastritis, who were infected with a marked density of H. pylori compared with its mildly infected counterparts. Furthermore, a novel negative correlation was found between PD-1 (r= -0.43) and PD-L1 (r= -0.42) with FOXP3 in patients with gastritis. CagA-positive H. pylori strain's negative association with PD-L1 expression (r=-0.34) was detected in patients with gastritis. Interestingly, PD-1 mRNA expression correlated positively with vacA s2/m2 , in gastritis (r=0.43) and ulcer (r=0.43) patients. Furthermore, PD-1: PDL1 expression negatively correlated with vacA m1/m2 (r=-0.43 for PD-1; r=-0.38 for PD-L1) in gastritis patients. Moreover, an inverse correlation of PDL1 was present with vacA m1 (r=0.52) and vacA s1/m1 (r=0.46) versus vacA m2 (r=-0.44) and vacA m1 (r=0.52) and vacA s1/m2 (r=-0.14) in ulcer patients, respectively. Also, a correlation of vacA m2 (r=-0.47) and vacA s1/s2 (r= 0.45) with PD-1 was detected in ulcer patients. In addition, a novel negative correlation between FOXP3 mRNA levels and napA was shown in patients with gastritis and ulcer (r=-0.59). Finally, a computer-based model that was developed showed that knowing the expression levels of PD-L1, RORγ-t, and vacA s1/m2 would be useful to detect the clinical outcome of a patient. Our results suggested that PD-1:PD-L1 immune checkpoint inhibitors were increased in gastric pre-cancerous lesions that progress to gastric cancer. Herein, we report the relationship between H. pylori virulence factors and expression of host immune checkpoint inhibitors for diagnostic prediction of gastric malignancies using computer-based models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retrotransposons (RTEs) have been postulated to reactivate with age and contribute to aging through activated innate immune response and inflammation. Here, we analyzed the relationship between RTE expression and aging using published transcriptomic and methylomic datasets of human blood. Despite no observed correlation between RTE activity and chronological age, the expression of most RTE classes and families except short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) correlated with biological age-associated gene signature scores. Strikingly, we found that the expression of SINEs was linked to upregulated DNA repair pathways in multiple cohorts. We also observed DNA hypomethylation with aging and the significant increase in RTE expression level in hypomethylated RTEs except for SINEs. Additionally, our single-cell transcriptomic analysis suggested a role for plasma cells in aging mediated by RTEs. Altogether, our multi-omics analysis of large human cohorts highlights the role of RTEs in biological aging and suggests possible mechanisms and cell populations for future investigations., Competing Interests: YT, NS, IT, XZ, WM, SG, GM No competing interests declared, MK Reviewing editor, eLife, (© 2024, Tsai, Seymen et al.)