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Objectives: This study aims to clarify the effect of ferroptosis by P. gingivalis on periodontal epithelium impairment and potential mechanisms. Materials and methods: The expression of epithelial junction proteins (CDH1, OCLN, ZO-1), FTL and GPX4 in healthy and periodontitis tissues was analyzed using bioinformatics analysis and validated in vivo. An in vitro model was constructed to evaluate ferroptosis by mitochondria morphology, content of iron and GSH, and level of lipid peroxidation, FTL, GPX4 and SLC7A11. The iron concentration was changed with iron chelator DFO and iron supplementation FAC. The epithelial impairment was assessed by protein expression. To investigate the mechanism, si-MYB (a negative transcription factor of SLC7A11) and GPX4 inhibitor RSL3 were employed. Results: CDH1, OCLN, ZO-1 and GPX4 expression was decreased, while FTL expression was elevated in periodontitis tissues. Infected cells showed ferroptosis change of the mitochondria with higher level of lipid peroxidation, iron, FTL and lower level of GPX4, GSH, SLC7A11. FAC augmented ferroptosis and weakened epithelial junction, while DFO exhibited a counteractive effect. Silencing MYB rescued SLC7A11, GPX4 and epithelial junction proteins, which was hindered by RSL3. Conclusions: Our study demonstrated that P. gingivalis weakened the oral epithelial barrier by causing ferroptosis via inhibiting SLC7A11/GSH/GPX4 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is one of the most common haematologic malignancies in the world. Despite substantial efforts to identify causes and risk factors for NHL, its aetiology is largely unclear. Autoimmune diseases have long been considered potential risk factors for NHL. We carried out Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses to examine whether genetically predicted susceptibility to ten autoimmune diseases (Behçet's disease, coeliac disease, dermatitis herpetiformis, lupus, psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, sarcoidosis, Sjögren's syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and type 1 diabetes) is associated with risk of NHL. Methods: Two‐sample MR was performed using publicly available summary statistics from cohorts of European ancestry. For NHL and four NHL subtypes, we used data from UK Biobank, Kaiser Permanente cohorts, and FinnGen studies. Results: Negative associations between type 1 diabetes and sarcoidosis and the risk of NHL were observed (odds ratio [OR] 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92–0.98, p = 5 × 10−3, and OR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.85–0.99, p = 2.8 × 10−2, respectively). These findings were supported by the sensitivity analyses accounting for potential pleiotropy and weak instrument bias. No significant associations were found between the other eight autoimmune diseases and NHL risk. Conclusion: These findings suggest that genetically predicted susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, and to some extent sarcoidosis, might reduce the risk of NHL. However, future studies with different datasets, approaches, and populations are warranted to further examine the potential associations between these autoimmune diseases and the risk of NHL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for the oxidation life analysis of SiC/SiC composite structures was proposed to predict the oxidation life of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components. In this paper, multiscale diffusion–oxidation simulation of the CMCs' structure can be carried out by establishing the equivalent diffusion coefficient model, to get the microscopic oxidation morphology parameters at each point. Based on the results, the residual stiffness is calculated with the homogenization method. Then, the residual stiffness is taken as the material parameter of element to calculate the stress distribution after oxidation in the CMC structure. And the residual strength of CMCs was calculated by progressive damage analysis. The oxidation life of CMC component is analyzed by judging the failure condition of each element. Finally, the oxidation life prediction of the CMC adjustment sheet under specific loading environment is realized, which is about 1 200 h. The results show that this method is feasible for the calculation of hot end parts under actual complex loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive diagnostic assessment (CDA) intends to identify learners' strengths and weaknesses in latent cognitive attributes to provide personalized remedial instructions. Previous CDA studies on English as a Foreign Language (EFL)/English as a Second Language (ESL) writing have adopted dichotomous cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) to analyze data from checklists using simple yes/no judgments. Compared to descriptors with multiple levels, descriptors with only yes/no judgments were considered too absolute, potentially resulting in misjudgment of learners' writing ability. However, few studies have used polytomous CDMs to analyze graded response data from rating scales to diagnose writing ability. This study applied polytomous CDMs to diagnose 1166 EFL learners' writing performance scored with a three-level rating scale. The sG-DINA model was selected after comparing model-data fit statistics of multiple polytomous CDMs. The results of classification accuracy indices and item discrimination indices further demonstrated that sG-DINA had good performance on identifying learners' strengths and weaknesses. The generated diagnostic information at group and individual levels was further synthesized into a personalized diagnostic report, although its usefulness still requires further investigation. The findings provided evidence for the feasibility of applying polytomous CDM in EFL writing assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium phosphate (Ca–P) coatings provide an effective approach in current research and the clinical application of Mg alloys by endowing them with improved corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, and even bioactivity. Ca-containing coatings were prepared on AZ31B magnesium alloys using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) technique and a combination of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid calcium disodium (EDTA–Ca), calcium glycerophosphate (GP–Ca), calcium gluconate (CaGlu2), and calcium lactate (CaLac2) as the Ca source in a near-neutral solution. The respective and mutual impacts of the four calcium salts on the formation and properties of the coatings were investigated. Experimental results indicated that GP–Ca was more decisive than EDTA–Ca, CaGlu2, and CaLac2 in the formation, morphology, and, therefore, the corrosion resistance of the coatings. GP–Ca alone could not effectively incorporate Ca2+ ions into the coatings but it could combine with EDTA–Ca, CaGlu2, and CaLac2 to bring a synergistic effect in improving the Ca content of the coatings. The bifunctional structure of CaGlu2 and CaLac2, containing hydroxyl groups and carboxylic groups with anchoring effects, enabled them to enhance the Ca content of the coatings. However, due to minor differences in functional group orientation, CaGlu2 was a little more efficient than CaLac2 in increasing Ca content, while CaLac2 was a little more efficient than CaGlu2 in improving the corrosion resistance of the coatings. Finally, the total concentration of the four calcium salts, [Ca2+]T, should be controlled at a proper level; otherwise, excessively high [Ca2+]T would produce localized microbumps originating from coating ablation, eventually deteriorating the corrosion resistance of the coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It has been manifested in several studies that age-related metabolic reprogramming is associated with tumor progression, in particular, colorectal cancer (CRC). Here we investigated the role of upregulated metabolites of the aged serum, including methylmalonic acid (MMA), phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), and quinolinate (QA), in CRC. Methods: Functional assays including CCK-8, EdU, colony formation and transwell experiments were used to ascertain which upregulated metabolite of elderly serum was related to tumor progression. RNA-seq analysis was conducted to explore the potential mechanisms of MMA-induced CRC progression. Subcutaneous tumorigenesis and metastatic tumor models were constructed to verify the function of MMA in vivo. Results: Among three consistently increased metabolites of the aged sera, MMA was responsible for tumorigenesis and metastasis in CRC, according to functional assays. The promotion of Epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) was observed in CRC cells treated with MMA, on the basis of protein expression of EMT markers. Moreover, combined with transcriptome sequencing, Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was activated in CRC cells treated with MMA, which was verified by western blot and qPCR experiments. Furthermore, animal assays demonstrated the pro-proliferation and promotion of metastasis role of MMA in vivo. Conclusion: We have identified that age-dependent upregulation of MMA in serum promoted the progression of CRC via Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway mediated EMT. These collective findings provide valuable insights into the vital role of age-related metabolic reprogramming in CRC progression and propose a potential therapeutic target for elderly CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide among college students, as a subgroup of young people, has received increasing attention in recent years. Exploring the determination of protective and risk factors related to suicide is imperative to understanding the reason for committing suicide and how to take action. We examined loneliness and school belonging as predictors of suicide risk (viz., suicidal behavior and depression) in college students in China by a cross-sectional study. In total, 393 college students participated in the study. The results of hierarchical regression analyses that controlled for age and sex indicated that school belonging buffers the negative effects of loneliness on suicidal behavior and depression. Evidence of a significant loneliness × school belonging interaction as a predictor of both suicidal behavior and depression was found. The present findings show that school belonging represents a positive psychological resource that should be considered in understanding suicide risk among college students in China. More attention should be given to improving the school belonging of college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many important cultural relics in China, including many paper relics. Therefore, it is particularly important to find methods of protecting the handwriting in paper relics. This study focuses on the effects acrylic polyurethane materials have on preserving handwriting in paper relics by examining the color change and diffusion of handwriting before and after reinforcement treatments on handwriting materials, including ink, carbon ink, blue-black ink, pure blue ink, red ink, and pencil. The acrylic polyurethane materials have a certain degree of stability and enhance the handwriting of paper relics. We analyzed the acrylic polyurethane reinforcement material in terms of acid resistance, alkali resistance, oxidation resistance, dry heat aging resistance, and durability. The experimental results show that the optimal reinforcement concentration is within 15% for ink, 10% for carbon ink, 20% for blue-black ink, 15% to 20% for pure blue ink, and 3% for red ink and pencil. Finally, the surface of the reinforced paper and handwriting were observed through laser microscopy, SEM, EDS, and infrared spectroscopy and the protective effect of acrylic polyurethane reinforcement material on handwriting was determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cr is used extensively in industry, so the number of Cr (VI) hazards is increasing. The effective control and removal of Cr (VI) from the environment are becoming an increasing research priority. In order to provide a more comprehensive description of the research progress of chromate adsorption materials, this paper summarizes the articles describing chromate adsorption in the past five years. It summarizes the adsorption principles, adsorbent types, and adsorption effects to provide methods and ideas to solve the chromate pollution problem further. After research, it is found that many adsorbents reduce adsorption when there is too much charge in the water. Besides, to ensure adsorption efficiency, there are problems with the formability of some materials, which impact recycling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is a new type of organic pollutant in wastewater that is persistent, toxic, and accumulates in living organisms. The development of rapid and sensitive analytical methods to detect PFOA in environmental media is of great importance. Fluorescence detection has the advantages of high efficiency and low cost, in which fluorescent probes have excellent fluorescence properties, excellent bio-solubility, and remarkable photostability. It is necessary to review the fluorescence detection routes for PFOA. In addition, the up-conversion of fluorescent materials (UCNPs), as fluorescent materials to prepare fluorescent probes with, has significant advantages and also attracts the attention of researchers, however, reviews related to their application in detecting PFOA and comparing them with other routes are rare. Furthermore, there are many strategies to improve the performance of up-conversion fluorescent probes including SiO2 modification and amino modification. These strategies can enhance the detection effect of PFOA. Thus, this work reviews the types of fluorescence detection, the design, and synthesis of UCNPs, their recognition mechanism, properties, and their application progress. Moreover, the development trend and prospects of these detection probes are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Speciesism prioritizes humans over animals and pets. Nevertheless, pet owners have a strong attachment bond with their pets, which makes their hierarchical view of pets less clear. Aiming to examine this issue, we present a dilemma involving animals and humans that allowed us to investigate whether animal type, social distance, and pet ownership status can affect moral decision‐making related to pets. Save‐willingness results showed that in the moral dilemmas of pets versus livestock versus wild animals (Studies 1a and 2a) and their own pets versus strangers (Studies 1b and 2b), pet owners prioritize pets whereas non‐owners prioritize pets (Studies 1a and 2a) and strangers (Studies 1b and 2b). Pet owners prefer to save pets more than do non‐owners (Study 1a), and this effect was only observed in females (Study 2a). Save‐decision results showed that in the moral dilemmas of pets versus livestock versus wild animals (Study 2a), pet owners prioritize pets whereas in the dilemmas of pets versus strangers (Study 2b), pet owners prioritize strangers. The same result was found in non‐owners. Pet owners prefer more than do non‐owners to save pets (Study 2). Overall, the separation of save‐willingness and save‐decision results revealed that pet owners show special speciesism (i.e., pettism). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used phytic acid sodium salt hydrate (Na12Phy) as a micro-arc oxidation (MAO) electrolyte and systemically investigated its influences on AZ31B coating characteristics and the MAO solution failure process. Na12Phy increased both phosphorus (P) and calcium (Ca) amounts as well as thickness, and adhesion strength of MAO coatings. MAO treatment, especially in a base solution with 4 g L−1 Na12Phy (Na12Phy-4C), significantly improved degradation resistance and in vitro cytocompatibility of AZ31B alloys. LC-MS/MS analysis showed that during MAO treatment, Na12Phy molecules were hydrolyzed from an anti-nutrient into absorbed inorganic phosphates by fish and a series of lower inositol phosphates with physiological activity. With increasing cycles of MAO treatment, the MAO sample achieved gradually decreased degradation resistance, but even after 50 cycles, it still had good cytocompatibility. Furthermore, 50% MAO waste solution was not toxic to Pengze crucian carp (Carassius auratus var. Pengze) during a 96 h acute toxicity test, suggesting that Na12Phy-containing MAO solution has potential for use in future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a devastating disease and remains the leading cause of death and disability. This retrospective study aims to investigate associations between systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and all-cause mortality in patients with AIS. Patients and Methods. We used the data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV. A total of 1,181 patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) were included. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) was calculated as platelet count (/L) × neutrophil count (/L)/lymphocyte count (/L). The main outcomes were 30-day all-cause mortality. The association between SII with mortality was evaluated using the Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results. After adjusting for potential covariates, the highest quartiles of SII versus the lowest quartiles of SII, the HR was 2.74 (CI 1.79–4.19, P < 0.001). Log-transformed SII was significantly associated with 30-day all-cause mortality (HR 2.44; CI 1.72–3.46, P < 0.001). Furthermore, we found that there is a nearly linear relationship (P = 0.265) between logarithmic transformed SII with all-cause mortality. Conclusion. Elevated SII of patients with acute ischemic stroke increased the risk of 30-day all-cause mortality. SII may serve as a useful marker to elucidate the role of thrombocytosis, inflammation, and immunity interaction in the development of AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose To develop a simple and clinically useful assessment tool for osteoporosis in older women with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods A total of 601 women over 60 years of age with T2DM were enrolled in this study. The levels of serum sex hormones and bone metabolism markers were compared between the osteoporosis and non-osteoporosis groups. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regularization (LASSO) model was applied to generate a risk assessment tool. The risk score formula was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic analysis and the relationship between the risk score and the bone mineral density (BMD) and T-value were investigated. Results Serum sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), cross-linked C-telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), and osteocalcin (OC) were significantly higher in the osteoporosis group. After adjustment for age and body mass index (BMI), SHBG was found to be correlated with the T-value or BMD. Then, a risk score was specifically generated with age, BMI, SHBG, and CTX using the LASSO model. The risk score was significantly negatively correlated with the T-value and BMD of the lumbar spine, femoral neck, and total hip (all P< 0.05). Conclusion A risk score using age, BMI, SHBG, and CTX performs well for identifying osteoporosis in older women with T2DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Fusobacterium nucleatum (F. nucleatum) participate in the formation and progression of periodontitis. They can exert virulence by invading into host cells, but the interaction between them and their specific mechanisms remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of P. gingivalis outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) on the ability of F. nucleatum to invade oral epithelial cells, and the reasons for the influence.Methods: The invasion abilities of the two bacteria were detected separately after mixed infection of P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum. Next, P. gingivalis OMVs were extracted with the kit, and their influence on the invasion ability of F. nucleatum was tested. The effects of P. gingivalis OMVs on F. nucleatum were evaluated by assessment of bacterial morphology, growth curves, auto-aggregation morphology, and the expression of adhesion-related proteins FadA and FomA.Results: Our results showed that P. gingivalis inhibited the invasion of F. nucleatum into oral epithelial cells but F. nucleatum promoted the invasion of P. gingivalis. In subsequent experiments, we extracted P. gingivalis OMVs successfully and revealed that proteases in P. gingivalis OMVs inhibited the invasion of F. nucleatum into oral epithelial cells. Furthermore, P. gingivalis OMVs did not affect the morphology and proliferation of F. nucleatum, but proteases inside decreased the auto-aggregation of F. nucleatum. Additionally, proteases in P. gingivalis OMVs reduced the expression levels of F. nucleatum surface adhesion-related proteins FadA and FomA.Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that proteases in P. gingivalis OMVs inhibited the invasion of F. nucleatum into oral epithelial cells by downregulating FadA and FomA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fusobacterium nucleatum, an anaerobic oral opportunistic pathogen associated with periodontitis, has been considered to be associated with the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, the initial host molecular alterations induced by F. nucleatum infection which may promote predisposition to malignant transformation through epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) have not yet been clarified. In the present study, we monitored the ability of F. nucleatum to induce EMT‐associated features, and our results showed that F. nucleatum infection promoted cell migration in either noncancerous human immortalized oral epithelial cells (HIOECs) or the two OSCC cell lines SCC‐9 and HSC‐4, but did not accelerate cell proliferation or cell cycle progression. Mesenchymal markers, including N‐cadherin, Vimentin, and SNAI1, were upregulated, while E‐cadherin was decreased and was observed to translocate to the cytoplasm. Furthermore, FadA adhesin and heat‐inactivated F. nucleatum were found to cause a similar effect as the viable bacterial cells. The upregulated lncRNA MIR4435‐2HG identified by the high‐throughput sequencing was demonstrated to negatively regulate the expression of miR‐296‐5p, which was downregulated in F. nucleatum‐infected HIOECs and SCC‐9 cells. The binding of MIR4435‐2HG and miR‐296‐5p was validated via a dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Additionally, knockdown of MIR4435‐2HG with siRNA leads to a decrease in SNAI1 expression, while miR‐296‐5p could further negatively and indirectly regulate SNAI1 expression via Akt2. Therefore, our study demonstrated that F. nucleatum infection could trigger EMT via lncRNA MIR4435‐2HG/miR‐296‐5p/Akt2/SNAI1 signaling pathway, and EMT process may be a probable link between F. nucleatum infection and initiation of oral epithelial carcinomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Procrastination has been closely linked to psychosocial health problems, such as depression and anxiety, among college students. However, few studies have focused on the magnifying effects of multiple psychosocial health problems on procrastination. We conducted a cross-sectional study by convenience sampling among 509 college students in Shanghai, China. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the relationship between psychosocial variables and procrastination and to verify the syndemic effect of psychosocial factors. Univariate analyses revealed that self-esteem, depression, and loneliness were associated with procrastination. In multivariate analyses, self-esteem and depression remained significant. College students with four psychosocial problems were approximately 2.5 times more vulnerable to procrastination compared with non-syndemic (have no more than one problem) students. The study indicates that college students with more psychosocial health problems exhibit severer procrastination, which in turn suggests that psychosocial syndemic theory can be applied to procrastination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death in China. Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1 (PRC1) is involved in cytokinesis and plays key roles in microtubule organization in eukaryotes. This study was aimed to analyse the expression and to investigate the functional role of PRC1 in gastric tumorigenesis. The expression of PRC1 was evaluated by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. The biological function of PRC1 was determined by CCK-8 proliferation assays, monolayer colony formation, xenografted nude mice and cell invasion assays by shRNA-mediated knockdown in AGS and HGC27 cells. The regulation of PRC1 expression by piperlongumine was also investigated using dual-luciferase reporter assay and ChIP-qPCR analysis. PRC1 was up-regulated in primary gastric cancers. Overexpression of PRC1 in gastric cancers was associated with poor disease-specific survival and overall survival. PRC1 knockdown in AGS and HGC27 cell lines suppressed proliferation, reduced monolayer colony formation, inhibited cell invasion and migration ability and induced cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Inhibition of PRC1 also suppressed tumour growth in vivo. We finally confirmed that PRC1 is a novel downstream target of piperlongumine in gastric cancer. Our findings supported the oncogenic role of PRC1 in gastric carcinogenesis. PRC1 might serve as a prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic target for gastric carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study tested the vulnerability and sex differences hypotheses of the response styles theory of depression (Nolen-Hoeksema, 1991). Participants included 494 tenth-grade students (M = 15.25 years, SD = 0.47) recruited from two secondary schools in Beijing, China. Participants completed self-report measures assessing rumination and neuroticism as well as a semistructured clinical interview assessing current and past clinically significant depressive episodes. Higher levels of rumination were associated with a greater likelihood of exhibiting both a current depressive episode and a past history of depressive episodes even after controlling for neuroticism. Higher levels of rumination were also associated with greater severity and duration of current depressive episodes and greater severity of past depressive episodes even after controlling for neuroticism. Contrary to the sex differences hypothesis of the response styles theory, girls and boys did not differ in levels of rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron (Fe) is an important trace element for life and plays vital functions in maintaining human health. In order to simultaneously endow magnesium alloy with good degradation resistance, improved cytocompatibility, and the proper Fe amount for the body accompanied with degradation of Mg alloy, Fe-containing ceramic coatings were fabricated on WE43 Mg alloy by micro-arc oxidation (MAO) in a nearly neutral pH solution with added 0, 6, 12, and 18 g/L ferric sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate (NaFeY). The results show that compared with the bare Mg alloy, the MAO samples with developed Fe-containing ceramic coatings significantly improve the degradation resistance and in vitro cytocompatibility. Fe in anodic coatings is mainly present as Fe2O3. The increased NaFeY concentration favorably contributes to the enhancement of Fe content but is harmful to the degradation resistance of MAO coatings. Our study reveals that the developed Fe-containing MAO coating on Mg alloy exhibits potential in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clarifying the spatiotemporal evolution of sustainable water resources utilization (SWU) and its decoupling effects from economic growth (EG) is essential for the effective management of water ecosystems and sustainable development of basins. However, the traditional Ecological Footprint model limits the ability to compare SWU within a basin, and existing studies need to pay more attention to the importance of water renewability in quantifying SWU. Based on the capital flow and capital stock perspectives, this study constructed an evaluation method for SWU and its decoupling effect from EG by combining the three-dimensional Water Ecological Footprint (WEF), sustainable reclassification, and the Tapio model, and explored different types of SWU enhancement strategies. The results indicate that: (1) From 2010 to 2022, the SWU of the Yellow River Basin (YRB) shows a decreasing and then increasing trend and is generally in water ecological deficit, with a lower SWU in the middle and lower reaches. Overall, the per capita WEF size decreased by 0.73% per year, while the WEF depth increased by 0.26% per year, the pressure and stress on the SWU of the YRB are still significant. (2) Agricultural freshwater use and domestic greywater discharge dominate the WEF of the basin, and the problem of inversion of the water use structure with the industrial structure is evident. (3) Spatial differentiation within the basin is apparent, and SWU shows a spatial distribution of western strength and eastern weakness, with significant consumption of water capital stock due to insufficient water capital flow as the main reason. (4) Topio decoupling analysis shows that WEF and EG are mainly strongly decoupled, with WEF lagging behind EG; the decoupling relationship between SWU and EG evolves from END-SD-WD, reduces the consumption of water capital stock and increasing water capital flow is a reasonable way to realise its stable strong decoupling. This study is essential for SWU studies of large river basins in arid and semi-arid regions. It provides insights into the sustainable management and rational allocation of water resources in the YRB and other similar basins worldwide. • A three-dimensional water ecological footprint model is used to assess the SWU. • The decoupling of WEF size and WEF depth from economic growth is taken into account. • Water stress remains high, and SWU's spatial differentiation is evident. • Inadequate water capital flow leading to consumption of water capital stock is the main reason for the impact on SWU. • Strong decoupling of WEF from economic growth, unstable decoupling of SWU from economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]