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Shantytowns, characterized by poor living conditions and simple houses, necessitate efficient extraction and analysis for urban planning. This paper proposes a multi-scale and global-local information interactive attention transformer (MGLI-Former) for shantytown extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images. First, the multi-level feature fusion block (MLFFB) integrates neighborhood encoding features to prevent the loss of small-target shantytowns. Second, joint global and local information transformer blocks (JGLB) effectively combine global and local features. Finally, boundary and feature joint optimization loss (BF-Loss) refines the output by edges and high-level semantics. Experiments in Beijing and Shanghai demonstrate the MGLI-Former achieved optimal visual and quantitative extraction evaluations. The F1-score, IoU, Precision, and Recall are 86.92%, 76.87%, 86.84%, 87.01% and 72.33%, 56.66%, 69.29%, 75.65%, respectively. Furthermore, the use of UIS-Shenzhen datasets and fine-tuning experiments with mixed datasets further validate the robustness and generalization capabilities of MGLI-Former. Moreover, spatial and landscape patterns of shantytowns in Beijing and Shanghai reveal: (1) Beijing’s shantytowns radiate uniformly from the old city center, whereas Shanghai exhibits a multi-core diffusion pattern. (2) Shanghai's shantytown distribution is clustered, while Beijing's shantytown distribution is more uniform. MGLI-Former demonstrates the potential for extracting shantytowns and has significant urban planning and management implications.

Abstract We study the QCD topology and axion properties at finite temperature and chemical potential in the framework of the two-flavor Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model. We find that the behaviors of the two lowest cumulants of the QCD topological charge distribution and axion properties are highly sensitive to the critical behavior of the chiral phase transition. In particular, the topological susceptibility and the axion mass follow the response of the chiral condensate to temperature and chemical potential, showing that both quantities decrease monotonically with the increment of temperature and/or chemical potential. However, it is important to note that the normalized fourth cumulant behaves differently depending on the temperature. At low temperatures, it is a non-monotonic function of the chemical potential, while at high temperatures, it monotonically decreases. Additionally, its value invariably approaches the asymptotic value of $$b_2^{\text {inst}}=-1/12$$ b 2 inst = - 1 / 12 , predicted by the dilute instanton gas model. We also observe that with the increase in chemical potential at relatively low temperatures, the axion self-coupling constant exhibits a sharp peak around the critical point, which can even be more than twice its vacuum value. After that, the self-coupling drops sharply to a much lower value than its vacuum value, eventually approaching zero in the high chemical potential limit. The finding that the axion self-coupling constant is significantly enhanced in high-density environments near the chiral phase transition could lead to the creation or enhancement of an axion Bose–Einstein condensate in compact astrophysical objects.

In this study, the solvent extraction and purification of flavonoids from three cultivars (coded as 1, 2 and 3) of Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt. were optimized based on the content of total flavonoids and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging capacity. The flavonoids were analyzed and identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The results showed that methanol was found to be the best solvent for the extraction of flavonoids. The yield of flavonoids extracted from the first cultivar was the highest, and the total flavonoid content and DPPH radical scavenging capacity of the extract were 65.01 mg/g and 73.59%, respectively. Top 10 most abundant flavonoids were tentatively by HPLC-MS. Eight monomeric compounds were purified from the extract by macroporous resin chromatography, vacuum column chromatography, atmospheric column chromatography and gel permeation chromatography, and these compounds were identified as luteolin, 7,8,3’,4’-tetrahydroxyflavanone, taxifolin, okanin, quercetin, quercetagetin, flavanomarein and marein by MS and NMR spectroscopy. Okanin was determined as the signature flavonoid compound in C. tinctoria Nutt. by HPLC and DPPH radical scavenging activity.

Summary: Over the past decades, researchers have continuously investigated the potential functions of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) in cancers, including lung cancer. The ω-3 LCPUFAs, primarily consisting of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were found to modify inflammatory tumor microenvironment, induce cancer cell apoptosis and autophagy, and suppress tumor development when administered alone or with other therapeutical strategies. Although the precise anti-tumor mechanism has not been elucidated yet, ω-3 LCPUFAs are often used in the nutritional treatment of patients with cancer due to their ability to significantly improve patient’s nutritional status, increase the sensitivity of tumor cells to treatments, and alleviate cancer-related complications. Here we present the key roles of ω-3 LCPUFAs as dietary supplementations in lung cancer, comprehensively review the recent progress on the underlying mechanisms of cancer cell regulation by ω-3 LCPUFAs, and introduce the application of ω-3 LCPUFAs in the clinical management of lung cancer and its malignant complications.

Abstract Background and purpose Cerebrovascular events during thrombolysis in cardiac arrest (CA) caused by pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition. However, the balance between cerebrovascular events and thrombolytic therapy in PE-induced CA remains a great challenge. Methods In this study, we reported three unique cases regarding main concerns surrounding cerebrovascular events in thrombolytic therapy in PE-induced CA. Results The patient in the case 1 treated with thrombolysis during CPR and finally discharged neurologically intact. The patient in the case 2 received delayed thrombolysis and died eventually. The patient in the case 3 was contraindicated to thrombolysis due to the complication of subarachioid hemorrahage and died within days. Conclusions Our case series highlights three proposed approaches to consider before administering thrombolysis as a treatment option in PE-induced CA patients: (1) prolonging the resuscitation, (2) administering thrombolysis promptly, and (3) ruling out cerebrovascular events.

An efficient strategy for intramolecular oxidative cyclization of 2-alkynylthioanisoles toward 3-acylbenzo[b]thiophenes by photochemical hydrogen atom transfer catalysis has been developed. 3-Acylbenzo[b]selenophenes, benzofurans and indoles can also be prepared by this protocol. This reaction is convenient to perform at room temperature under simple conditions using air as the oxidant. Mechanistic studies revealed that the formation of α-thioalkyl radicals intermediate is crucial.

Purpose: The objective of this study was to explore the performance of a predictive model for swallowing-induced breakthrough pain established using a redefined delineation method based on the common occurrence sites of radiation-induced oral mucositis (RIOM) in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods and Materials: A total of 208 patients with locally advanced NPC were included in the study cohort, and the test cohort consisted of 88 patients. The oral mucosa structure was contoured using oral cavity contour (OCC), mucosal surface contour (MSC), and oral-pharyngeal mucosa (OPM) methods, and relevant dosimetric parameters were collected. Assessment of the severity of RIOM was made with the National Cancer Institute's Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. The random forest classification method was chosen to establish and validate the predictive models based on 3 contouring methods. Results: The area under the curve of the OPM-based model was higher than that of the OCC- and MSC-based models in both the validation cohort and the test cohort (0.800, 0.739, and 0.750; 0.670, 0.605, and 0.609, respectively). Better predictive performance could also be observed under the OPM method than the OCC and MSC methods in terms of accuracy. The OPM-based model showed high specificity (greater than 90%) in both the validation cohort and the test cohort. According to the mean decrease in the Gini index, the maximum dose was the most important predictor of severe oral mucositis in the OPM-based model. Conclusions: We redefined a delineation method for oral mucosa structure based on the common occurrence sites of RIOM in locally advanced NPC. The model for swallowing-induced breakthrough pain constructed based on this method demonstrated good predictive performance. New parameters were found as predictors of severe swallowing-induced breakthrough pain in locally advanced NPC.

Berry fruits produced by Vaccinium (Ericaceae) plants are small but have a signature flavor and have become increasingly popular in the 21st century. However, self-incompatibility (SI) results in a relatively low fruit-set ratio and reduced fruit quality in Vaccinium. In this study, using Vaccinium ashei (V. ashei) styles after cross-pollination (CP) and self-pollination (SP) as material, transcriptomics and gene expression analyses were performed using high-throughput RNA sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Subsequently, evolutionary analysis and conserved sequences analysis of candidate genes were conducted. Among the 135,324 unigenes, 30,863 were shown to be differentially expressed, and eight randomly selected differentially expressed genes were expressed in the styles at 96 hours after SP and CP. The transcriptomics and qRT-PCR results were significantly correlated, which confirmed the reliability of the differentially expressed genes obtained in our study. Compared with SP96, six differentially expressed ribonuclease T2 family genes were obtained in CP96, which were considered candidates for S-RNase. Additionally, the spatiotemporal and organizational expression trends of six candidates for S-RNase were confirmed by qRT-PCR, and the evolutionary and conservative sequence analysis indicated six candidate S-RNases with the typical S-RNase structure. The spatiotemporal and organizational expression results and evolutionary and conservative sequence analyses of the six candidate S-RNases suggest that SI in V. ashei is likely an S-RNase-mediated gametophytic one. This finding suggests the involvement of novel, previously undiscovered components involved in the V. ashei SI system. These findings help elucidate the molecular mechanisms of SI in rabbiteye blueberry and may also benefit breeding, production, and genomics research in V. ashei and other Vaccinium species.

The Charpy impact toughness is a crucial mechanical parameter in the application of materials within the realm of engineering. This study represents the pioneering investigation into the influence of different building directions on the Charpy impact toughness of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs) produced via laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Texture analysis reveals that C0 and C90 exhibit a pronounced // building direction (BA), while C45 demonstrates a strong texture along and . The impact test results demonstrate that C0 exhibits superior impact toughness with an absorbed energy of 12.87 J. The fractured surfaces are examined using the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Among them, the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) results indicate that the samples with higher geometrically necessary dislocation (GND) and kernel average misorientation (KAM) values can effectively reflect superior impact toughness. In contrast, fewer high-angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) are preferable. Due to the adiabatic effect, the phase transformation of the samples from austenite to martensite doesn't appear under the impact loading. Additionally, this paper discusses the impact of texture orientation, defects, and the relationship between loading direction and deposited layers on the impact toughness of the samples. These findings on impact properties would provide valuable guidance for engineering applications of NiTi SMAs.

Electroencephalographic (EEG) source imaging (ESI) is a powerful method for studying brain functions and surgical resection of epileptic foci. However, accurately estimating the location and extent of brain sources remains challenging due to noise and background interference in EEG signals. To reconstruct extended brain sources, we propose a new ESI method called Variation Sparse Source Imaging based on Generalized Gaussian Distribution (VSSI-GGD). VSSI-GGD uses the generalized Gaussian prior as a sparse constraint on the spatial variation domain and embeds it into the Bayesian framework for source estimation. Using a variational technique, we approximate the intractable true posterior with a Gaussian density. Through convex analysis, the Bayesian inference problem is transformed entirely into a series of regularized ${L}_{{2}{p}}$ -norm ( ${0} < {p} < {1}$ ) optimization problems, which are efficiently solved with the ADMM algorithm. Imaging results of numerical simulations and human experimental dataset analysis reveal the superior performance of VSSI-GGD, which provides higher spatial resolution with clear boundaries compared to benchmark algorithms. VSSI-GGD can potentially serve as an effective and robust spatiotemporal EEG source imaging method. The source code of VSSI-GGD is available at https://github.com/Mashirops/VSSI-GGD.git.

Abstract Background Assessment of the patient’s respiratory effort is essential during assisted ventilation. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of airway pressure (P aw)-based indices to detect potential injurious inspiratory effort during pressure support (PS) ventilation. Methods In this prospective diagnostic accuracy study conducted in four ICUs in two academic hospitals, 28 adult acute respiratory failure patients undergoing PS ventilation were enrolled. A downward PS titration was conducted from 20 cmH2O to 2 cmH2O at a 2 cmH2O interval. By performing an end-expiratory airway occlusion maneuver, the negative P aw generated during the first 100 ms (P 0.1) and the maximal negative swing of P aw (∆P occ) were measured. After an end-inspiratory airway occlusion, P aw reached a plateau, and the magnitude of change in plateau from peak P aw was measured as pressure muscle index (PMI). Esophageal pressure was monitored and inspiratory muscle pressure (P mus) and P mus–time product per minute (PTPmus/min) were used as the reference standard for the patient’s effort. High and low effort was defined as P mus > 10 and 200 and

We propose a concept of hybrid geometry sets for registering cross-source geometric data. Specifically, our method focuses on the coarse registration of geometric data obtained from laser scanning and photogrammetric reconstruction. Due to different characteristics (e.g., variations in noise levels, density, and scales), achieving accurate registration between these data becomes a challenging task. The proposed method uses geometric structures to construct hybrid geometry sets, and the geometric relations between the elements of a hybrid geometry set are encoded in a hybrid feature space. This enables effective and efficient similarity query and correspondence establishment between the hybrid geometry sets. The proposed global registration method works in three steps. Firstly, a set of hybrid geometry sets is constructed using extracted planes and intersection lines. Then the features of the hybrid geometry sets are computed to encode the relative pose and topological relationships between the extracted planes and intersection lines, and their correspondences between the two inputs are established by querying hybrid geometry sets with similar features. Finally, the global registration parameters are calculated using the correspondences, and the registration result is further refined through continuous optimization. The robustness of the method has been evaluated using different real-world cross-source geometric data of urban scenes. Extensive comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms have also demonstrated its effectiveness.

Background: Vonoprazan has been reported to exert more potent and long-lasting gastric acid inhibition than proton pump inhibitors, potentially leading to a greater impact on the gut microbiota. This study aimed to clarify changes in microbial diversity and bacterial composition after VPZ treatments.Methods: We searched from PubMed, Embase, WOS, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and ClinicalTrials.gov (all years up to May 2023). The primary outcomes were alpha and beta diversity, as well as differences in gut microbiota composition between before and after VPZ treatments. We performed a meta-analysis to uncover the potential changes in human gut microbiota among VPZ users by pooled mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-I tool.Results: A total of 12 studies were included to compare differences before and after VPZ treatments. Compared with baseline, alpha diversity was significantly reduced after VPZ treatments and gradually returned to baseline with longer follow-up. At the phylum level, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria, while Bacteroidetes increased compared with baseline. At the genus level, we found a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Coprococcus and Bifidobacterium and a significant increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroides compared with those before treatment. In subgroup analyses according to country and participants, we found differences in microbial changes after VPZ treatments.Conclusion: Vonoprazan can affect the changes of gut microbiota, which may be potentially associated with its strong ability of acid inhibition. However, due to the large heterogeneity, further studies are required to validate these findings.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023412265.