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Nuptial and extranuptial nectaries are involved in interactions with different animal functional groups. Nectar traits involved in pollination mutualisms are well known. However, we know little about those traits involved in other mutualisms, such as ant–plant interactions, especially when both types of nectaries are in the same plant organ, the flower. Here we investigated if when two types of nectaries are exploited by distinct functional groups of floral visitors, even being within the same plant organ, the nectar secreted presents distinct features that fit animal requirements. We compared nectar secretion dynamics, floral visitors and nectar chemical composition of both nuptial and extranuptial nectaries in natural populations of the liana Amphilophium mansoanum (Bignoniaceae). For that we characterized nectar sugar, amino acid and specialized metabolite composition by high-performance liquid chromatography. Nuptial nectaries were visited by three medium- and large-sized bee species and extranuptial nectaries were visited mainly by ants, but also by cockroaches, wasps and flies. Nuptial and extranuptial nectar differed regarding volume, concentration, milligrams of sugars per flower and secretion dynamics. Nuptial nectar was sucrose-dominated, with high amounts of γ-aminobutyric acid and β-aminobutyric acid and with theophylline-like alkaloid, which were all exclusive of nuptial nectar. Whereas extranuptial nectar was hexose-rich, had a richer and less variable amino acid chemical profile, with high amounts of serine and alanine amino acids and with higher amounts of the specialized metabolite tyramine. The nectar traits from nuptial and extranuptial nectaries differ in energy amount and nutritional value, as well as in neuroactive specialized metabolites. These differences seem to match floral visitors’ requirements, since they exclusively consume one of the two nectar types and may be exerting selective pressures on the composition of the respective resources of interest.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:38:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 The legume tree Schizolobium parahyba from the Brazilian Atlantic Forest shows young aerial organs covered with a sticky exudate. Aiming to clarify the functional aspects of the sticky secretions, we performed analyses on the dynamics of secretion through the plant development and characterized the chemical nature of the exudates by histochemical tests. We also studied the secretory tissue using light and electron microscopy. The production of the exudates starts soon after seed germination, being evident in the epicotyl but not in the hypocotyl and cotyledons. The secretory activity extends throughout the juvenile and pre-reproductive phase, in primary stems and leaf portions. After the first flowering, secretion was no longer observed. The lipid exudates are secreted by the epidermis and are composed of mixtures of essential oils and oleoresins. Modified plastids, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferated smooth endoplasmic reticulum, enlarged vacuoles containing flocculant materials, membrane debris, and convoluted tubules/lamellae membranes covered with osmiophilic deposits are the main features of the secretory epidermal cells. Secretion exits the protoplast by exocytosis and accumulates in the cuticle, resulting in a sheath of concentric bands of electron-dense deposits, and is released by cuticle peeling. The hydrophobic nature of the secretion, which forms an impermeable layer on the epidermis of young organs, is a relevant attribute of the aerial organs of S. parahyba. In addition to protecting against desiccation, this exudate effectively captures particles and immobilizes insects and other arthropods. Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Minas Gerais Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biologia Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica Botucatu Universidade Estadual Paulista

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:13:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Regrowth via production of epicormic shoots is an important strategy for many woody plants after environmental disturbances such as fire, drought, and herbivory. Populations spreading across a broad latitudinal gradient offer opportunities to investigate if essential traits vary with heterogenous environmental conditions, such as in savanna ecosystems. This information can help us predict plant responses to climate change. Here, we evaluated if epicormic bud protection traits varied among populations of three focal savanna species (Miconia albicans, Solanum lycocarpum, and Zeyheria montana) that have a wide distribution and grow under variable climatic conditions. We randomly sampled 225 individuals over five spatially independent sites (7°, 10°, 15°, 18°, and 24° S) in Brazil, totaling 15 individuals per species per area. We analyzed anatomical transverse sections of five buds per species per area to assess the relative area occupied by crystal and phenolic idioblasts, the thickness of the trichome boundary layer, and to test if these traits were associated with climatic conditions. The buds were protected by cataphylls and composed of a variable number of undeveloped leaves enveloping the shoot apex. For M. albicans, we found an association between maximum temperature and both phenolic idioblasts and trichome boundary layer, but no association with crystal idioblasts. In S. lycocarpum, only the trichome boundary layer was associated with maximum temperature plus high radiation. Z. montana showed no variation. Combination of two or more traits can lead to the development of adaptative strategies to different climatic conditions. We present for the first time an analysis of epicormic bud traits in plant populations occurring in an extensive latitudinal gradient and shed light on how maximum temperature is associated with these traits, contributing to a better understanding of plant resprouting capabilities in widespread savanna plant species. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany) Institute of Biosciences UNESP – São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n 18618-689 Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University Laboratory of Plant Anatomy Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany) Institute of Biosciences UNESP – São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/n 18618-689 Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plant-Animal Interactions Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University Laboratory of Plant Anatomy Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:37:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The neem tree (Azadirachta indica A.Juss.) contains a range of biologically active compounds—mainly triterpenoids produced in single secretory cells, which are distributed among all plant parts. Neem secretions are toxic to animal cells, triggering autolytic mechanisms that culminate in cell disruption. However, little is known about the self-toxicity of these secretions to the cells that produce them. We carried out an anatomical, histochemical, and ultrastructural investigation of neem’s single secretory cells in the shoot apex and in young leaves. We evaluated the morphological changes as possible evidences of stress reactions to their own secretions. The subcellular apparatus involved in synthesis and compartmentation was consistent with hydrophilic and lipophilic secretions. Polymorphic plastids devoid of thylakoids and abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum in the later stages of differentiation are comparable with previous reports on neem cotyledons with regard to terpenoid synthesis. However, secretions were compartmentalized within autophagic vacuoles and periplasmic spaces instead of in terpenoid vesicles. Cellular swelling, increased vesiculation, dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum cisternae, mitochondrial hypertrophy in the cristolysis process, autolytic vacuoles, and vacuolar degeneration culminating in protoplast autolysis are all consistent with early indications of autotoxicity. The signaling stress reaction mechanism was expressed as cytoplasmic deposits of calcium salt and by the expression of a 70-kDa heat-shock protein. The morphological and histochemical changes in the secreting cells are comparable with those described in animal cells exposed to neem oil. Our data provide evidence of cell damage and signaling reactions linked to these cells’ own secretions before autolysis. IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Laboratory of Plant Anatomy UNESP - São Paulo State University, PO Box 510 IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Laboratory of Insects UNESP - São Paulo State University, PO Box 510 IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Laboratory of Plant Anatomy UNESP - São Paulo State University, PO Box 510 IBB - Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Laboratory of Insects UNESP - São Paulo State University, PO Box 510 CNPq: 304396/2015-0 CNPq: 401053/2016-4

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:43:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-09-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) The oily resin produced by Copaifera langsdorffii, commonly called oil of copaiba, is widely exploited by the drug, cosmetic, and biodiesel industries. The distribution of oily secretory cavities and canals (secretory spaces) over the vegetative body characterizes this species. Oil is stored inside the lumen of the secretory spaces and only reaches the organ surface after injuries. Nonetheless, translucent oily deposits occur on the adaxial surface of intact young leaves. In this study, we searched for further sources of oil production in C. langsdorffii leaves in addition to the well-known secretory cavities and investigated the mechanisms of secretion. Leaves in different developmental stages were collected from adult plants and processed for studies on light and transmission electron microscopies. The primary finding of this study was the involvement of the chlorenchyma cells in lipid biosynthesis, in addition to the secretory cavities. The secretory activity of cavities and chlorenchyma cells overlapped in young leaves. Ultrastructurally, secretory cavity cells exhibited abundant smooth endoplasmic reticulum profiles and oleoplasts, whereas the chlorenchyma cells had large chloroplasts with oil inclusions. Our data suggest that the oily material on the leaf surface arose from the chlorenchyma and was transported via the apoplast. These findings open new avenues for understanding oil biosynthesis regulation in mesophyll cells and planning of future strategies for the biotechnological application of C. langsdorffii leaves. Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany) Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Goiás State University (UEG) Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Graduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany) Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) CAPES: 001 CNPq: 02657/2011-8 FAPESP: 2008/55434-7 CNPq: 303981/2018-0

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 G-fibers have been widely studied in tension wood, but few studies are available on aerial and underground organs of shrub and subshrub, specially comparing those organs of the same plant. The goal of this study is to compare the general pattern of G-fibers distribution, and the structure and histochemistry of G-fibers walls between aerial and underground organs in 19 Eriosema taxa occurring in the tropical savanna, locally called cerrado. The samples were processed according to standard techniques in plant anatomy and histochemistry. G-fibers occurred throughout the vegetative body and were exclusively extraxylary in organs with primary growth and extraxylary and xylary in organs with incipient secondary growth. G-fibers were more abundant and had a thicker G-layer in the underground organs. In all the organs analyzed, the G-fibers were identified by the presence of a non-lignified internal translucent layer (G-layer) sometimes occupying the entire lumen of the fiber. The abundance and wide occurrence of G-fibers in the vegetative axis of Eriosema plants may represent an adaptive mechanism and may explain why plants that belong to this genus are able to survive in adverse Cerrado conditions. We suggest that the conditions of the Cerrado environment may stimulate the differentiation of gelatinous fibers in these plants. In addition, the ecophysiological significance of the G-fibers, we emphasize their taxonomic value as a unifying character of the Eriosema genus. UNESP – São Paulo State University IBB – Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany) UNESP – São Paulo State University IBB – Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Department of Botany, PO Box 510 UNESP – São Paulo State University IBB – Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Postgraduate Program in Biological Sciences (Botany) UNESP – São Paulo State University IBB – Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu Department of Botany, PO Box 510

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:37:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-07-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Floral fragrances play an important role in pollinator attraction; they serve as signals for primary rewards such as nectar. The presence of osmophores (a specialized glandular tissue that produces fragrance) in the terrestrial orchid Cyclopogon has only been described in a single species. There are fragrant and odorless species within this genus, but no data on the similarities or differences between them has been published. Here, we present new data on the lip morphology and ultrastructure from eight Cyclopogon species to better understand the mechanisms of pollinator attraction of this group. To achieve this goal, we used light, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Five out of eight species presented globular trichomes associated with fragrance production on the abaxial side of the labellum. Together with subepidermal cells, they compose the secretory tissue. Despite the absence of globular trichomes, C. apricus also presented cells associated with fragrance production. Lipid droplets, plastids containing plastoglobuli, and starch were indicators of secretory activity present in these species. This same pattern of fragrance production and release, associated with flower morphology, may result in the restriction of pollination by halictid bees. Institute of Biosciences Department of Botany São Paulo State University – UNESP Institute of Biosciences Department of Botany São Paulo State University – UNESP CNPq: 304396/2015-0 CAPES: 88882.317776/2019-01

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T02:47:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Cactaceae exhibit highly modified spines that are considered to be extrafloral nectaries (EFNs). Despite their ecological and taxonomical relevance in this family, little is known on their structure and function. We have described the anatomy, ontogenesis, and ultrastructure of the secretory glochids in two Opuntioideae species. Young cladodes of Brasiliopuntia brasiliensis (Willd.) A. Berger and Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck were processed for light and electron microscopy studies. The composition of the secretions was analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The secretory glochids were soft, massive, and barbed, as well as translucent. Hyaline droplets on the secretory glochid apex were collected by aggressive ants. The secretory glochids originated from the areolar meristem, beginning as small protuberances formed by protoderm and ground meristem. Mature secretory glochids consisted of a central multiseriate axis of ground cells covered by uniseriate epidermis with a continuous cuticle, and exhibited three regions: (i) dilated vascularized base with parenchyma cells exhibiting features associated to nectar secretion; (ii) elongated median region with juxtaposed fusiform non-lignified parenchyma cells; and (iii) tapered apical portion with immature fibers loosely arranged cells. The exudate was sucrose-dominant with a similar amino acid profile in both species. Our results shed light on the secretory activity of glochids in Cactaceae and their role in cactus–ant interactions. UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences Department of Botany University of Siena Department of Life Sciences UNESP – São Paulo State University Institute of Biosciences Department of Botany CAPES: 001 FAPESP: 2017 / 14891-5 CNPq: 303981/ 2018-0 CNPq: 304396/2015-0

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:31:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-08-01 Main conclusion: Different autophagy pathways are a driver of vacuolar biogenesis and are development stage specific during the extrafloral nectary development in Citharexylum myrianthum. Abstract: Plant autophagy plays an important role in various developmental processes such as seed germination, pollen maturation and leaf senescence. However, studies that address the evidence of autophagy and its role in the development of plant glands are scarce and largely restricted to laticifers. Regarding nectary, studies have repeatedly pointed to signs of degradation associated with the end of the secretory cycle, without exploring autophagy. Likewise, the relationship between autophagy and biogenesis of vacuoles remains an unexplored issue. In this study, using conventional and microwave fixation in association with ultracytochemical methods for transmission electron microscopy, we investigated the occurrence of autophagy and its implication in the differentiation of extrafloral nectary in Citharexylum myrianthum (Verbenaceae) under natural conditions, focusing on the vacuole biogenesis. We described a variety of vacuole types associated with the stage of nectary epidermis development, which differs with respect to origin, function and nature of the products to be stored. Three distinct autophagy pathways were detected: macroautophagy, microautophagy (both restricted to the undifferentiated epidermal cells, at the presecretory stage) and megaautophagy (circumscribed to the differentiated epidermal cells, at the postsecretory stage). Our study clearly demonstrated that the vacuole variety and autophagy processes in the nectary epidermal cells are development specific. This study highlights the role of autophagy in vacuole biogenesis and its implications for the development of nectary and opens new venues for future studies on regulation mechanisms for autophagy in plant secretory structures under normal conditions. Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Center of Electron Microscopy (CME) Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) São Paulo State University (UNESP) Center of Electron Microscopy (CME) Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu (IBB) São Paulo State University (UNESP)

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Elaiophores are floral glands that secrete non-volatile oils as a reward for their pollinators. Their secretions mediate a specialized interaction between oil-producing plants and a few species of oil-collecting bees - Apidae and Melittidae. The present review focuses on the morphological and functional aspects of these secretory structures. We also provide information on their chemistry and pollination ecology. Our survey is organized taxonomically among the plant families for which elaiophore occurrence has been confirmed -for the monocots, Iridaceae and Orchidaceae, and for the eudicots, Calceolariaceae, Cucurbitaceae, Krameriaceae, Malpighiaceae, Plantaginaceae, Primulaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Solanaceae and Stilbaceae. Most oil flowers are zygomorphic, bisexual, nectarless and present their elaiophores on the protective whorls or on the androecium. Trichomal elaiophores are reported in all of these families except Krameriaceae and Malpighiaceae, and they vary in the density and morphology of the trichomes. Epithelial elaiophores occur in some monocot representatives and in Krameriaceae and Malpighiaceae, and are similar among species. An intermediate type of elaiophore is reported in some species of Orchidaceae. Regardless of elaiophore type, these glands have similar subcellular features and secretion-release mechanisms. Finally, we note the dearth of information on elaiophore ultrastructure and functioning for several plant families

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:32:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-04-01 This study aims to investigate colleters’ secretory function, on cellular level, in Rubiaceae species from contrasting environments looking to explore the association between secretion and environment. We collected samples from eight species of Rubiaceae growing in forest and savanna having standard-type colleters with diverse histochemistry (hydrophilic, lipophilic and mixed secretions) and processed for both conventional and cytochemical study under transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The standard colleters, although similar in morphology and anatomy, exhibited marked differences on cellular level, especially in the abundance and topology of Golgi bodies, endoplasmic reticulum and plastids when comparing forest and savanna species. These differences were clearly aligned with the chemical nature of the secretions they produce, with predominance of hydrophilic secretions in forest species and lipophilic or mixed secretions in savanna species. The combination of methods in electron microscopy revealed the sites of synthesis and intracellular compartmentation of substances, the mechanisms of their secretion from the protoplast and confirmed the involvement of the outer walls of the epithelial cells in the elimination of exudates to the gland surface. Our study suggests a potential environment-associated plasticity of the secretory cells of standard-type colleters in modulating their secretory function performance. São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/no, Caixa Postal 510 Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences (UNESP) São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/no, Caixa Postal 510 São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/no, Caixa Postal 510 Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences (UNESP) São Paulo State University, Rua Prof. Dr. Antonio Celso Wagner Zanin, s/no, Caixa Postal 510

Philodendron bipinnatifidum apresenta raízes dimórficas, onde ocorrem dois padrões de raízes aéreas: fixas e suspensas. A raiz suspensa é dividida em duas porções: aérea, subterrânea. Esse estudo visa determinar características anatômicas e micrométricas das fibras das raízes de P. bipinnatifidum com o objetivo de fornecer subsídios para indústria de papel. Para se proceder a quantificação de algumas variáveis anatômicas da raiz suspensa nas suas porções aérea, aérea-subterrânea e lateral-subterrânea, 10 indivíduos adultos foram analisados, sendo, de cada, retiradas cinco amostras num total de 50 medições para cada variável. Foram analisadas: fibras (comprimento, largura, espessura de parede e diâmetro do lume- material dissociado), espessura total da raiz, do córtex e do estelo (secções transversais). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e suas médias comparadas através do teste de tukey ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. Analisando os dados estatísticos em conjunto concluiu-se que as fibras das três porções das raízes analisadas não completam as exigências necessárias para alcançar um papel de qualidade. Apesar de alguns valores serem significativos para porção da raiz lateral-subterrânea indicando que as mesmas podem apresentar um papel com boa resistência e mais rigidez, porém economicamente não seria viável pela dificuldade de obtenção dessas raízes. Palavras-chave: Dimorfismo, fibras, raiz aérea, raiz subterrânea. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18561/2179-5746/biotaamazonia.v3n3p15-22

The nitrogen fertilization is an important practice to reach high productivity, however, nitrogen high level can cause lodging and make the plants more sensitive to disease. Numerous studies has demonstrate that a lot of grasses accumulate silicon at its tissues, and the biggest part of this element is deposited on the leaf, that would work like a mechanical barrier to diseases come in. However, high levels of nitrogen can reduce the silica deposition at the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate silicon and nitrogen content in shoot and silica deposition in upland rice leaf as a result of Si and N levels. The experimental design used was completely randomized in factorial schema 3 x 2 with five replications. The treatments consisted from levels of N (5, 75 and 150 mg dm-3 of soil) in urea form and two levels of SiO2 (0 e 400 mg dm-3) in calcium silicate form (Wollastonita). The increased of urea fertilization reduced the silicon content of rice plants and the silica deposition at the external cells wall the epidermal rice leafs. A adubação nitrogenada é pratica importante para alcançar altas produtividades, entretanto doses elevadas de nitrogênio podem causar tombamento e tornar as plantas mais suscetíveis a doenças. Numerosos estudos têm demonstrado que muitas gramíneas acumulam silício em seus tecidos, e que a maior parte deste elemento é depositado na folha, o que funcionária como uma barreira mecânica a entrada de doenças. Entretanto elevadas doses de nitrogênio podem diminuir a deposição de sílica nas plantas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o teor de nitrogênio e silício na parte aérea, e a deposição de sílica em folhas de plantas de arroz de terras altas em função das doses de Si e N. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 2, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três doses de N (5, 75 e 150 mg dm-3 de N) tendo como fonte a uréia e duas doses de Si (0 e 400 mg dm-3 de SiO2) tendo como fonte o silicato de cálcio (Wollastonita). O incremento da adubação com uréia reduziu o teor de Si na planta de arroz e a deposição de sílica na parede externa das células da epiderme das folhas de arroz.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:13:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Malpighiaceae species are recognized for their sepal elaiophores of which secretions reward oil-collecting bees. Information on elaiophore location, structure and functioning is likely to provide valuable insights into pollination ecology and evolution of the family. We characterized the elaiophores in three Malpighiaceae species and compared the patterns of distribution and dimensions of these glands, their structural organization, their histochemistry and their life spans. Intact elaiophores from buds and 1-day flowers (bagged and un-bagged) of Banisteriopsis variabilis, Byrsonima coccolobifolia and Peixotoa reticulata were collected for structural, histochemical and ultrastructural studies. We also reported the behavior of elaiophore-visiting insects. Elaiophores exhibit uniseriate secretory epithelium covered by a thick cuticle and vascularized parenchyma. The secretory surfaces can be flat (B. coccolobifolia and P. reticulata) or convoluted (B. variabilis). In B. variabilis and P. reticulata the epithelium has longer cells than in B. coccolobifolia and these become papillose, taking an appearance similar to trichomal elaiophores. The mixed secretions accumulate within subcuticular spaces and may be released either by a natural rupture of the cuticle (B. coccolobifolia and P. reticulata) or by a sudden rupture caused by the bee activity (B. variabilis). Different bees were observed exploiting the elaiophores, acting as potential pollinators or oil robbers. A greater diversity of oil-collecting bees was registered in B. variabilis. The differences identified, mainly in relation to the location of the glands on the sepals, in the fine structure of secretory epithelia and cuticle architecture, and in their secretion release mechanisms, in some way, can affect the behavior of visitors. Agricultural Sciences Institute UFMG - Federal University of Minas Gerais Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista Department of Botany Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu UNESP - Univ Estadual Paulista FAPESP: 08/55434-7 FAPESP: 08/57650-9 CNPq: 304396/2015-0

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:15:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Germination pattern may be affected when seeds are dispersed under flooded conditions or subjected to pre-germination treatments such as immersion in plant growth regulators and priming. We evaluated the metabolic and ultrastructural changes in the seeds of Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer seeds caused by immersion in water (0 MPa) during the imbibition phase (phase I). The immersion time necessary for initially dry seeds (10% water content) to reach a water content of 15%, 20%, and 35% was recorded. The seeds were also immersed in a polyethylene glycol 6000 solution (-1.2 MPa) to decrease the rate of water uptake and increase the immersion times required for the seeds to reach the selected water contents. With shorter immersion times, seed damage did not decrease germinability. Seeds immersed for 122 h sustained damage to the cell membrane system and organelles, resulting in a decreased percentage and rate of germination. Decreasing the rate of water uptake increased the time required to finish imbibition phase to 317 h and resulted in more ultrastructural damages and a decreased germination index. We conclude that in seeds with slower imbibition, longer immersion times may cause severe metabolic damage if the seeds are immersed until the end of the imbibition phase, resulting in reduced germination. UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Campus de Botucatu, P.O. Box 510 UNESP-Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica, Campus de Botucatu, P.O. Box 510 FAPESP: 2012/24013-1

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:39:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2017-07-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2019-10-09T18:26:55Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S0102-33062017000300344.pdf: 12369239 bytes, checksum: d3c9071003d4e54c0b6e15a3fe42ae65 (MD5) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The genus Zeyheria (Bignoniaceae) comprises only two species, both of which have been described as possessing a reduced and non-functional nectary disk. Despite the importance of this evolutionary change in the floral nectary, these functional assumptions have been based on disk size and on the distribution, abundance and histochemistry of corolla-borne trichomes. By combining methods on light and electron microscopy, here we investigated the functionality of the reduced nectary disk and describe all of the tissues and structures of the nectar chamber in order to determine the sites of floral nectar secretion in both Zeyheria species.. Our data find the floral nectary traits of both species to be very similar, although differing in their cellular contents. Subcellular evidence in both species indicated that disk, stipe and petal axils were, predominantly, involved in hydrophilic secretion, while capitate glandular trichomes produced lipophilic secretion and papillae produced mixed secretion. Our study shows that in spite of its reduced size, the reduced disk functions in nectar secretion in both species of Zeyheria. This kind of nectary system is a novelty for Bignoniaceae, since it comprises several tissues and structures functioning in an integrated fashion. Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Programa Posgrad Ciencias Biol, BR-18618970 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 2008/55434-7 FAPESP: 2009/17611-7 CNPq: 470649/2008-9

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:07:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-11-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Plant species can be classified into heterobaric and homobaric, depending on whether their leaves present bundle sheath extensions (BSEs) (heterobaric) or not (homobaric). Incidences of the two leaf types seem to be related to growth environment and the light stratification. The Brazilian Cerrado and seasonal semideciduous forests are contrasting environments mainly with regard to irradiance and air humidity. However, studies comparing the distributions of homobaric and heterobaric species in these vegetation types are lacking. We investigate the presence/absence of leaf BSEs across diverse habits (herbs, shrubs and trees) in a seasonal semideciduous forest, cerrado sensu stricto (open physiognomy) and cerradão (forest physiognomy) to evaluate the influence of plant habit and growth environment on the distribution of homobaric and heterobaric species. Leaves from 131 species in 54 angiosperm families were analysed using standard methods of light microscopy. The distribution of the different leaf types in each environment was analysed using the χ2 test and Fisher's exact test (P

Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T17:12:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-08-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Ozone (0(3)) is an oxidative pollutant that causes visible foliar symptoms in sensitive plants. Importantly, cellular markers induced by physiological alterations, including oxidative burst (OB), hypersensitive response-like (HR-like) reactions, and accelerated cell senescence (ACS), precede these symptoms. Because little is known about the effects of ozone in tropical environments, we aimed to identify these cellular markers in Nicotiana tabacum, lpomoea nil and Psidium guajava growing in an urban area of tropical Sao Paulo, Brazil, and describe the specific physiological alterations that trigger the development of visible symptoms. Cell wall wart-like protrusions, an OB cellular marker, and swelling of thylakoids and mitochondrial membranes, as well as accumulation of plastoglobuli, all markers of ACS, were cell markers common to all species studied. Cellular markers indicating HR-like reaction, as observed in the asymptomatic leaves of N. tabacum and L nil, are precursors of future development of necrotic areas, featuring the visible symptoms. On the other hand, the main cause of visible symptoms in P. guajava appeared to be the accumulation of phenolic compounds in the mesophyll tissue, an ACS marker. Based on this line of evidence, these bioindicator plants growing in a tropical environment show the damaging effects of 03 pollution, even before visible symptoms develop. Moreover, this damage can be detected through a distinct group of cellular markers. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Inst Bot, Nucleo Pesquisa Anat, Caixa Postal 68041, BR-04045972 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, Caixa Postal 510, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Inst Biociencias, Dept Bot, Caixa Postal 510, BR-18618000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil FAPESP: 05/51169-9

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:28:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-06-01 Premise of research. In Apocynaceae, nonarticulated laticifers have been recorded in most species studied. Interpretation of the mode of development of laticifers, whether articulated or nonarticulated, is controversial, possibly because of the rapid changes that occur in the early differentiation stages of the structures. Here, we describe laticifers in the embryo, seedling, and plant of Tabernaemontana catharinensis A.DC. (Apocynaceae), aiming to understand the structure and developmental mechanism of the laticifer system. Methodology. We prepared samples of mature embryos, 20-d-old seedlings, and 80-d-old plants of T. catharinensis according to conventional light microscopy techniques for anatomical and histochemical analysis. Pivotal results. Articulated anastomosing laticifers with intrusive growth, producing proteins, lipids, and terpenes, are present from mature embryos. Alkaloids are present in the laticifer protoplast of the older portions of the stem. Laticifers of the primary system originate from the ground meristem and procambium, and those of the secondary system originate from the vascular cambium toward the secondary phloem. In the embryo, laticifers are found in the ground meristem and procambium but do not occur in the promeristem; the nodal region exhibits lateral projections between laticifers and ground meristem cells. In seedlings and plants, laticifers are immersed in the parenchyma tissue and associated with the primary and secondary phloem of the root and shoot systems. The anatomical evidence suggests the incorporation of meristematic and parenchyma cells within the laticifer system. Conclusions. The laticifer system of T. catharinensis has a complex structure and developmental mechanism involving protoplast fusion, the addition of cells, and intrusive growth. We recorded, for the first time, the occurrence of intrusive growth associated with articulated anastomosing laticifers in a member of Apocynaceae. Our findings highlight the importance of detailed anatomical analysis to properly classify laticifers and to access their origin and development. Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências UNESP Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Univ Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências UNESP

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPESP - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo Diplopterys pubipetala is a Neotropical Malpighiaceae species widely distributed in savanna and tropical semideciduous forests of Brazil. Its flowers are zygomorphic and show glands on calyx, corolla and androecium, which have been related with the attraction, orientation and reward to neotropical oil collecting bees. Nevertheless, previous studies showed differences in the behavior of floral visitors, acting as pollinators or as oil robbers. Additionally, plants from distinct populations may show functional hermaphrodites or male-sterile flowers, the last producing seeds by agamospermy. These data suggest a variation in the reproductive system among populations of D. pubipetala. So, the aims of this study were to determine the reproductive system of D. pubipetala plants from savanna population in order to confirm the existence of flexibility in the breeding system of this species and to identify the importance of floral visitors for seed set. For this we determined the pollen viability and stigma receptivity using conventional techniques in floral biology research; we also evaluated the morphology and size of pollen grains by anatomical sections of the anthers and the stigma surface by SEM; we performed field experiments to determine the mating system. In the studied area all the individuals of D. pubipetala showed flowers with high pollen viability and capability to develop seeds from outcrossing. The stigma receptivity was conditioned to the rupture of stigmatic cuticle, which depended on the bee activity.We also verified the efficiency of Monoeca bees in the pollen transportation and depositionon receptive surface of stigma. Our results indicated a predominance of allogamy with a strong dependence on biotic pollen vectors in D. pubipetala, although one plant in the study population showed mixed mating system, with seeds produced by agamospermy, self-pollination and cross-pollination. Our data confirm the existence of flexibility in the breeding system of Diplopterys pubipetala, with intra and interpopulational variation.

Plant adaptation strategies to harsh environments are among the most interesting subjects in plant biology. Several studies have investigated the role trichomes play in protecting plant organs in these conditions. In this work we report an unusual way of protecting the stem apex of Lychnophora diamantinana. The terminal cell of its non-glandular trichomes undergoes partial degradation of the cell wall, producing a highly hydrated, hyaline material that protects the stem apex against desiccation., It is well known that trichomes protect plant organs, and several studies have investigated their role in the adaptation of plants to harsh environments. Recent studies have shown that the production of hydrophilic substances by glandular trichomes and the deposition of this secretion on young organs may facilitate water retention, thus preventing desiccation and favouring organ growth until the plant develops other protective mechanisms. Lychnophora diamantinana is a species endemic to the Brazilian ‘campos rupestres’ (rocky fields), a region characterized by intense solar radiation and water deficits. This study sought to investigate trichomes and the origin of the substances observed on the stem apices of L. diamantinana. Samples of stem apices, young and expanded leaves were studied using standard techniques, including light microscopy and scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Histochemical tests were used to identify the major groups of metabolites present in the trichomes and the hyaline material deposited on the apices. Non-glandular trichomes and glandular trichomes were observed. The material deposited on the stem apices was hyaline, highly hydrophilic and viscous. This hyaline material primarily consists of carbohydrates that result from the partial degradation of the cell wall of uniseriate trichomes. This degradation occurs at the same time that glandular trichomes secrete terpenoids, phenolic compounds and proteins. These results suggest that the non-glandular trichomes on the leaves of L. diamantinana help protect the young organ, particularly against desiccation, by deposition of highly hydrated substances on the apices. Furthermore, the secretion of glandular trichomes probably repels herbivore and pathogen attacks.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-05-02T14:14:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2001-05-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) The secreory cavities in fruits of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi were studied by optical and electron microscopy. These are complex cavities with a multistratified epithelium, surrounding a lumen filled with whole cells and viscous fluid. Each cavity is surrounded by two or three layers, radially flattened cells, which will progressively mature into epithelial cells. The secretory cavities initiate schizogenously and develop schizolysigenously. The lumen appears by the dissolution of the middle lamela in a group of precursor cells arranged in a rosette, and widens by the separation of the inner cells of this rosette. The young epithelial cells have dense cytoplasm with large mitochondria, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, numerous multivesicular bodies, and modified plastids. Clumps of electron-dense material without a delimiting membrane occur the peripheral cytoplasm, periplasmic space, and scattered in the cavity lumen. As differentiation progresses, the innermost epithelial cells are continuously released into the lumen and degenerate. Lysigeny of these cells contributes with materials to secretion, also leading to cavity enlargement. Optical and ultastructural data indicate that secretion elimination occurs by ecrine and holocrine mechanisms. Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências UNESP, C. Postal 510 CNPq Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biologia UNICAMP, Caixa Postal 6109 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências UNESP, C. Postal 510

† Background and Aims Several members of Bromeliaceae show adaptations for hummingbird pollination in the Neotropics; however, the relationships between floral structure, nectar production, pollination and pollinators are poorly understood. The main goal of this study was to analyse the functional aspects of nectar secretion related to interaction with pollinators by evaluating floral biology, cellular and sub-cellular anatomy of the septal nectary and nectar composition of Ananas ananassoides, including an experimental approach to nectar dynamics. † Methods Observations on floral anthesis and visitors were conducted in a population of A. ananassoides in the Brazilian savanna. Nectary samples were processed using standard methods for light and transmission electron microscopy. The main metabolites in nectary tissue were detected via histochemistry. Sugar composition was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The accumulated nectar was determined from bagged flowers (‘unvisited’), and floral response to repeated nectar removal was evaluated in an experimental design simulating multiple visits by pollinators to the same flowers (‘visited’) over the course of anthesis. † Key Results The hummingbirds Hylocharis chrysura and Thalurania glaucopis were the most frequent pollinators. The interlocular septal nectary, composed of three lenticular canals, extends from the ovary base to the style base. It consists of a secretory epithelium and nectary parenchyma rich in starch grains, which are hydrolysed during nectar secretion. The median volume of nectar in recently opened ‘unvisited’ flowers was 27.0 mL, with a mean (sucrosedominated) sugar concentration of 30.5 %. Anthesis lasts approx. 11 h, and nectar secretion begins before sunrise. In ‘visited’ flowers (experimentally emptied every hour) the nectar total production per flower was significantly higher than in the ‘unvisited’ flowers (control) in terms of volume (t ¼ 4.94, P ¼ 0.0001) and mass of sugar (t ¼ 2.95, P ¼ 0.007), and the concentration was significantly lower (t ¼ 8.04, P ¼ 0.0001). † Conclusions The data suggest that the total production of floral nectar in A. ananassoides is linked to the pollinators’ activity and that the rapid renewal of nectar is related to the nectary morphological features.

The wide diversity of their trichomes, which vary from simple unicellular to very complex structures, is a remarkable characteristic in Melastomataceae. This paper characterizes the leaf indumentum of Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana, M. chamissois Naudin, M. fallax DC., M. ligustroides (DC.) Naudin, Microlepis oleaefolia (DC.) Triana and Rhynchanthera dichotoma DC., typical species from Brazilian cerrado. Samples collected from the median third of young and mature leaf blades were processed following the usual scanning electron microscopy techniques (SEM). We observed ten morphological types of trichomes and four of emergences. With five different types, four of which are reported for the first time, Rhynchanthera dichotoma is the species that presents the most diverse indumenta. A mixed type of trichome formed by a glandular and a branched non-glandular portion called "lateral-gland" was observed in M. ligustroides. Such non-glandular portion presents different degrees of development. A correlation is suggested between the stage of development of the non-glandular portion and the exposition to light of these "lateral gland" on young leaves. Resumo A grande diversidade de tricomas, variando desde estruturas unicelulares a tricomas muito complexos é uma característica marcante em Melastomataceae. Este trabalho caracteriza o indumento foliar de Miconia albicans (Sw.) Triana, M. chamissois Naudin, M. fallax DC., M. ligustroides (DC.) Naudin, Microlepis oleaefolia (DC.) Triana e Rhynchanthera dichotoma DC., espécies típicas do cerrado brasileiro. Amostras retiradas do terço mediano do limbo de folhas jovens e adultas foram processadas segundo técnicas usuais para microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). Verificaram-se dez tipos morfológicos de tricomas e quatro de emergências. Rhynchanthera dichotoma foi a espécie que apresentou maior diversidade de indumento, cinco, sendo que destes, quatro foram registrados pela primeira vez. Um tipo misto de tricoma constituído por uma porção glandular e outra não-glandular ramificada, denominado de "lateral-gland", foi observado em M. ligustroides. A porção não-glandular apresentou diferentes graus de desenvolvimento. Sugere-se uma correlação entre o grau de desenvolvimento da porção não-glandular e a exposição à luz destes tricomas em folhas jovens.

Conventional techniques for structural studies under light microscope and scanning electron microscope were employed to describe the histology of thallus in Canoparmelia texana, a lichen with wide distribution in open environments and fairly common in the cerrados and urban areas of Brazil. This study describes a new type of cortical organization for the family Parmeliaceae, in C. texana the upper cortex is lacunar, showing a large quantity of small intercellular spaces or lacunae. The anatomical features including medulla thickness, hyphal orientation pattern, rhizines thickness and crystals inclusions have an important adaptive role for the success of C. texana in Brazilian cerrado, a savanna-like ecosystem. Técnicas convencionais para estudos anatômicos em microscopia de luz e microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram utilizadas para descrever a histologia do talo de Canoparmelia texana, um líquen com ampla distribuição em ambientes abertos e bastante comum nos cerrados e em áreas urbanas no Brasil. Este estudo descreve um novo tipo de organização cortical para Parmeliaceae. Em C. texana o córtex superior é lacunar mostrando uma grande quantidade de pequenos espaços intracelulares. As características anatômicas incluindo a espessura da medula, o padrão de orientação das hifas, espessura das rizinas e inclusões de cristais aparentemente possuem um importante papel adaptativo para o sucesso de C. texana nos cerrados brasileiros.

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042009000300008.pdf: 890175 bytes, checksum: a39b8cf404db8ad51b442d9be743f328 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042009000300008.pdf: 890175 bytes, checksum: a39b8cf404db8ad51b442d9be743f328 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042009000300008.pdf: 890175 bytes, checksum: a39b8cf404db8ad51b442d9be743f328 (MD5) S0100-84042009000300008.pdf.txt: 41671 bytes, checksum: 536bd00899fde3362efbf17fc444e7a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:11:28Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042009000300008.pdf: 890175 bytes, checksum: a39b8cf404db8ad51b442d9be743f328 (MD5) S0100-84042009000300008.pdf.txt: 41671 bytes, checksum: 536bd00899fde3362efbf17fc444e7a6 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042009000300008.pdf: 890175 bytes, checksum: a39b8cf404db8ad51b442d9be743f328 (MD5) S0100-84042009000300008.pdf.txt: 41671 bytes, checksum: 536bd00899fde3362efbf17fc444e7a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Este trabalho descreve o nectário extrafloral (NEF) de Hibiscus pernambucensis, uma espécie nativa encontrada ao longo do litoral brasileiro, vegetando áreas de manguezal e restinga. NEFs ocorrem como sulcos profundos com bordo saliente sobre as nervuras na face abaxial da lâmina foliar. Cada nectário consiste de numerosos tricomas secretores multicelulares, células epidérmicas dispostas em paliçada e parênquima não vascularizado. Açúcares redutores, lipídeos e proteínas foram histoquimicamente detectados em todas as células do nectário. Compostos fenólicos ocorrem nos vacúolos das células epidérmicas e na porção bisseriada dos tricomas secretores. As células que formam o corpo dos tricomas secretores apresentam núcleo volumoso, citoplasma denso com muitas mitocôndrias, dictiossomos, gotas lipídicas esparsas e plastídios com diferentes tipos de inclusões: proteínas, gotas de óleo ou grãos de amido; os vacúolos possuem diferentes tamanhos e podem apresentar material membranoso, substâncias lipofílicas e fenólicas. As células em paliçada mostram paredes periclinais espessas, citoplasma reduzido com gotas lipídicas conspícuas e vacuoma desenvolvido As células do parênquima caracterizam-se por apresentar muitos plasmodesmos e citoplasma abundante com gotas lipídicas dispersas, mitocôndrias, plastídios repletos de grãos de amido e retículo endoplasmático. Idioblastos de mucilagem são comuns na região mais interna do parênquima nectarífero. A protoderme e o meristema fundamental participam na formação do nectário extrafloral. Os dados mostram que todas as regiões do nectário estão envolvidas na produção e secreção do néctar, constituindo assim, uma unidade funcional. A presença de idioblastos de mucilagem no parênquima nectarífero aumenta a capacidade de retenção de água neste tecido e, provavelmente, colabora na longevidade do nectário. This paper reports on the extrafloral nectary (EFN) of Hibiscus pernambucensis, a native shrub species occurring in mangrove and restinga along Brazil's coastline. EFNs occur as furrows with a protuberant border on the abaxial surface veins of the leaf blade. Each nectary consists of numerous secretory multicellular trichomes, epidermal cells in palisade-like arrangements and non-vascularized parenchyma tissue. Nectar secretion is prolonged, since secretion starts in very young leaves and remains up to completely expanded leaves. Reduced sugars, lipids, and proteins were histochemically detected in all the nectary cells; phenolic substances were detected in the vacuoles of the epidermal palisade cells and in some secretory trichome cells. The secretory cells that constitute the body of trichomes have large nuclei, dense cytoplasm with numerous mitochondria, dictyosomes, scattered lipid droplets and plastids with different inclusions: protein, lipid droplets or starch grains; vacuoles with different sizes have membranous material, phenolic and lipophilic substances. The palisade cells show thick periclinal walls, reduced cytoplasm with voluminous lipid drops and developed vacuoles. The nectary parenchyma cells contain abundant plasmodesmata and cytoplasm with scattered lipid droplets, mitochondria, plastids with starch grains and endoplasmic reticulum. Mucilage idioblasts are common in the inner nectary parenchyma. Protoderm and ground meristem participate in the formation of EFN. Our data indicate that all nectary regions are involved in nectar production and secretion, constituting a functional unit. Longevity of the extrafloral nectaries is likely associated with the presence of mucilage idioblasts, which increases the capacity of the nectary parenchyma to store water. Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:49:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652008000300007.pdf: 2052207 bytes, checksum: 36f9818b110f79000d20656ef9310340 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:49:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0001-37652008000300007.pdf: 2052207 bytes, checksum: 36f9818b110f79000d20656ef9310340 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0001-37652008000300007.pdf: 2052207 bytes, checksum: 36f9818b110f79000d20656ef9310340 (MD5) S0001-37652008000300007.pdf.txt: 38516 bytes, checksum: 67fc20951f1e50bfa064a89b7546774e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:48:22Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0001-37652008000300007.pdf: 2052207 bytes, checksum: 36f9818b110f79000d20656ef9310340 (MD5) S0001-37652008000300007.pdf.txt: 38516 bytes, checksum: 67fc20951f1e50bfa064a89b7546774e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0001-37652008000300007.pdf: 2052207 bytes, checksum: 36f9818b110f79000d20656ef9310340 (MD5) S0001-37652008000300007.pdf.txt: 38516 bytes, checksum: 67fc20951f1e50bfa064a89b7546774e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Interpretações discrepantes e incompletas têm sido conferidas ao fruto de Pterodon, especialmente no que tange à determinação estrutural da porção pericárpica que acompanha a semente na dispersão. Assim, com o objetivo de dirimir tais dúvidas e analisar a organização ultra-estrutural das estruturas secretoras presentes no diásporo de Pterodon emarginatus, realizaram-se estudos convencionais aos microscópios de luz e eletrônico de transmissão. Nas fases iniciais de desenvolvimento do fruto, prevalecem divisões celulares; pela ação do meristema subadaxial e do adaxial, formam-se, respectivamente, o mesocarpo interno fibroso e o endocarpo composto por epiderme multisseriada. No mesocarpo mediano, entre os feixes vasculares laterais, diferenciam-se numerosos ductos secretores lisígenos. Após a lise das células centrais e formação do lume, os ductos apresentam epitélio secretor uniestratificado, com células densas; gotas de óleo são observadas no epitélio secretor e tecido subjacente. Na maturidade, o exocarpo unisseriado e o mesocarpo externo, ambos fenólicos, descamam irregularmente, sendo o diásporo constituído pela ala papirácea e quebradiça, ligada ao núcleo seminífero que abrange o mesocarpo mediano de células lignificadas, margeando feixes vasculares e muitos ductos secretores, que apresentam acúmulo de oleorresina e cujas células epiteliais tornam-se vacuoladas. O fruto de Pterodon emarginatus é, portanto, uma criptossâmara. Discrepant and incomplete interpretations of fruits of Pterodon have been published, especially on the structural interpretation of the pericarp portion that remain attached to the seed upon dispersal. The present work clarified these doubts and analyzed ultrastructural aspects of the Pterodon emarginatus diaspores using light and transmission electron microscopes. Cell divisions are prevalent among the initial phases of development, and the subadaxial and adaxial meristems form the fibrous inner mesocarp and the endocarp composed of multi-seriate epidermis, respectively. At the median mesocarp, numerous secretory ducts differentiate between the lateral bundles, by lytic process. After lysis of the central cells and the formation of the lumen, the ducts show unistratified secretory epithelium with dense cells; oil droplets are observed on the secretory epithelium and the subadjacent tissues. At maturity, the uniseriate exocarp and the outer mesocarp slough off in an irregular fashion, leaving the diaspore composed of a papery and brittle wing linked to a seed chamber that includes the median mesocarp composed of lignified cells, bordering vascular bundles and many secretory ducts whose epithelial cells develop large vacuoles that accumulate oleoresins. The Pterodon emarginatus fruit is a cryptosamara. UFMG Instituto de Ciências Biológicas Departamento de Botânica UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica UNESP Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica FAPESP: 00/12469-3

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:43:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1677-04202008000100008.pdf: 1227462 bytes, checksum: 752343de5fa40fe1c3533f77b7f00fff (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1677-04202008000100008.pdf: 1227462 bytes, checksum: 752343de5fa40fe1c3533f77b7f00fff (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1677-04202008000100008.pdf: 1227462 bytes, checksum: 752343de5fa40fe1c3533f77b7f00fff (MD5) S1677-04202008000100008.pdf.txt: 38253 bytes, checksum: 38998f84e4214e64f3d9e8c178e73ed0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:31Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1677-04202008000100008.pdf: 1227462 bytes, checksum: 752343de5fa40fe1c3533f77b7f00fff (MD5) S1677-04202008000100008.pdf.txt: 38253 bytes, checksum: 38998f84e4214e64f3d9e8c178e73ed0 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1677-04202008000100008.pdf: 1227462 bytes, checksum: 752343de5fa40fe1c3533f77b7f00fff (MD5) S1677-04202008000100008.pdf.txt: 38253 bytes, checksum: 38998f84e4214e64f3d9e8c178e73ed0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Styrax camporum é uma espécie arbustiva comum dos cerrados do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Embora suas folhas não tenham pulvino morfologicamente delimitado, as folhas apicais são orientadas paralelamente à incidência da radiação solar (folhas paraheliotrópicas), especialmente às 1200 h. Folhas horizontais estáticas das partes basais dos ramos são orientadas perpendicularmente aos raios solares (folhas diaheliotrópicas). O significado ecofisiológico do fenômeno não foi ainda completamente elucidado. Investigou-se como o paraheliotropismo influencia a assimilação diária de CO2 (A) e outras taxas de trocas gasosas, relações hídricas, temperatura foliar (Tf) e suas relações com a estrutura da folha, avaliada por suas descrições anatômicas. Folhas paraheliotrópicas apresentaram maiores A e condutância estomática (g s), o que levou à maior taxa de transpiração (E) durante grande parte do dia. Todavia, não houve dados categóricos assegurando que estas respostas tenham determinado menor Tf para as folhas verticais, que ocorreu apenas às 1100 e 1600 h. Não houve nenhuma indicação de que Tf influenciou A, E ou g s. Entretanto, folhas diaheliotrópicas não assimilaram menos carbono por causa de estômatos mais fechados. Ambos os tipos foliares atingiram abertura estomática satisfatória e a mesma zona de resposta de g s resultou em concentrações de CO2 intercelular similares. Folhas paraheliotrópicas tiveram maior A sob elevadas irradiâncias, sugerindo evitação à elevada irradiância. em ambos tipos de folhas, observou-se parênquima esponjoso compacto, representando maior capacidade fotossintética por unidade de área foliar. O paraheliotropismo de S. camporum não parece estar relacionado ao controle da temperatura foliar, mesmo no estressante hábitat do cerrado Brasileiro. Styrax camporum is a common shrub species from the cerrado regions of São Paulo State, Brazil. Although its leaves do not have a morphologically delimited pulvinus, the apical leaves are oriented parallel to the sun (paraheliotropic leaves), most notably around noon. Horizontal leaves at the base of shoots are oriented perpendicular to the sun's rays (diaheliotropic leaves). The ecophysiological significance of this is not fully understood. We investigated how paraheliotropism influences daily CO2 assimilation (A) and other gas exchange rates, water relations, leaf temperature (Tl), and how these relate to leaf structure as assessed by anatomical leaf descriptions. Paraheliotropic leaves had greater A and stomatal conductance (g s), which led to greater transpiration rates (E) during most of the day. However, no categorical data proved that these responses were responsible for the lower Tl for vertical leaves, which only occurred at 1100 h and 1600 h. There was no indication that Tl influenced A, E, or g s. However, diaheliotropic leaves did not assimilate less carbon because of a smaller stomatal aperture. Both leaf types had satisfactory stomatal apertures and the same g s range, resulting in similar intercellular CO2 levels. Paraheliotropic leaves had higher A rates under increased irradiance, suggesting an avoidance of excessive irradiance. Both leaf types had compact spongy parenchyma, representing an increased photosynthetic capacity per unit leaf area. Paraheliotropism in S. camporum does not seem to be related to leaf temperature control, even in the stressful Brazilian cerrado habitat. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (UNIOESTE) Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-89132008000100016.pdf: 2065437 bytes, checksum: 6ff446c8c4dda46a0b695ad421f66387 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-89132008000100016.pdf: 2065437 bytes, checksum: 6ff446c8c4dda46a0b695ad421f66387 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132008000100016.pdf: 2065437 bytes, checksum: 6ff446c8c4dda46a0b695ad421f66387 (MD5) S1516-89132008000100016.pdf.txt: 28607 bytes, checksum: a3d09c4c519ae74ae3b9f95128653768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:48:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132008000100016.pdf: 2065437 bytes, checksum: 6ff446c8c4dda46a0b695ad421f66387 (MD5) S1516-89132008000100016.pdf.txt: 28607 bytes, checksum: a3d09c4c519ae74ae3b9f95128653768 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132008000100016.pdf: 2065437 bytes, checksum: 6ff446c8c4dda46a0b695ad421f66387 (MD5) S1516-89132008000100016.pdf.txt: 28607 bytes, checksum: a3d09c4c519ae74ae3b9f95128653768 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) As sementes de Caesalpinia echinata e C. ferrea comportam-se como endospérmicas, apesar de descritas na literatura como exendospérmicas e endospérmicas, respectivamente. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar, em termos ultra-estrutural e histoquímico, a natureza das substâncias de reserva e seus tecidos acumuladores, bem como o fluxo de nutrientes nas sementes destas espécies. Os cotilédones em C. echinata acumulam carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas, mobilizados da periferia para o centro, como visto pelo posicionamento dos plasmodesmas. O endosperma em C. ferrea acumula carboidratos e lipídios, e em C. echinata, acumula substâncias nos estádios iniciais da embriogênese. Este tecido desenvolve um haustório calazal agressivo, que transporta substâncias para o endosperma propriamente dito e deste para o embrião, fato confirmado pela presença de células de transferência no endosperma. The seeds of Caesalpinia echinata and C. ferrea behaved as typical endospermic seeds, despite their different morphological classification (exendospermic seeds were described for C. echinata and endospermic seeds for C. ferrea). Then, the aim of this work was to compare, under ultrastructural and histochemical terms, the nature of the storage substances and their accumulation sites, as well as the nutrient flow in seeds of these species. Cotyledons in C. echinata accumulate carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, which are mobilized from the outer to the inner parts as revealed by the position of plasmodesmata. Endosperm in C. ferrea accumulates carbohydrates and in C. echinata accumulates substances during the initial embryogenic phases. Such tissue develops a chalazal haustorium that is responsible for the transport of substances into the endosperm itself and from it into the embryo, confirmed by the presence of transference cells. Universidade de São Paulo Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:40:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-89132008000100014.pdf: 1356545 bytes, checksum: 348e6f96bedb84aa99ada9c5bece6d85 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:40:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1516-89132008000100014.pdf: 1356545 bytes, checksum: 348e6f96bedb84aa99ada9c5bece6d85 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:27:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132008000100014.pdf: 1356545 bytes, checksum: 348e6f96bedb84aa99ada9c5bece6d85 (MD5) S1516-89132008000100014.pdf.txt: 22058 bytes, checksum: 7cbdb47a32440b24eafd8fd52a4e6106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:48:33Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132008000100014.pdf: 1356545 bytes, checksum: 348e6f96bedb84aa99ada9c5bece6d85 (MD5) S1516-89132008000100014.pdf.txt: 22058 bytes, checksum: 7cbdb47a32440b24eafd8fd52a4e6106 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:48:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1516-89132008000100014.pdf: 1356545 bytes, checksum: 348e6f96bedb84aa99ada9c5bece6d85 (MD5) S1516-89132008000100014.pdf.txt: 22058 bytes, checksum: 7cbdb47a32440b24eafd8fd52a4e6106 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Este trabalho relata as características anatômicas e ultra-estruturais das células buliformes em Loudetiopsis chrysothrix (Nees) Conert e Tristachya leiostachya Nees. Ambas as espécies apresentam enrolamento foliar em condições de estresse hídrico. As principais características observadas nessas células foram: paredes periclinais mais delgadas que as epidérmicas adjacentes; abundância de substâncias pécticas na camada cuticular; paredes anticlinais sinuosas com plasmodesmas ramificados; vacuoma formado por um vacúolo desenvolvido ou inúmeros vacúolos pequenos; abundância de substâncias fenólicas e gotas de óleo dispersas. As características observadas sugerem o envolvimento das células buliformes no mecanismo de involução foliar nas espécies estudadas. This work reports anatomic and ultrastructural characteristics of bulliform cells in Loudetiopsis chrysothrix (Nees) Conert and Tristachya leiostachya Nees. Both the species presented leaf rolling under water stress. The main characteristics observed in these cells were: periclinal wall thinner than the adjacent epidermal wall; abundance of pectic substances in cuticular layer; sinuous anticlinal walls with ramified plasmodesmata; vacuome formed by a developed vacuole or innumerous small vacuoles; abundance of phenolic substances and oil drops. These characteristics suggested the involvement of bulliform cells in the mechanism of foliar involution in the studied species. Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro Instituto de Biologia Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:42:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032006000300001.pdf: 3548171 bytes, checksum: 844ccbca53f818163ea583b2b8a627bd (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:42:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1676-06032006000300001.pdf: 3548171 bytes, checksum: 844ccbca53f818163ea583b2b8a627bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:30:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032006000300001.pdf: 3548171 bytes, checksum: 844ccbca53f818163ea583b2b8a627bd (MD5) S1676-06032006000300001.pdf.txt: 52948 bytes, checksum: 39c4da6696e7989acbc4ab89bc57c910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:08:18Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032006000300001.pdf: 3548171 bytes, checksum: 844ccbca53f818163ea583b2b8a627bd (MD5) S1676-06032006000300001.pdf.txt: 52948 bytes, checksum: 39c4da6696e7989acbc4ab89bc57c910 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1676-06032006000300001.pdf: 3548171 bytes, checksum: 844ccbca53f818163ea583b2b8a627bd (MD5) S1676-06032006000300001.pdf.txt: 52948 bytes, checksum: 39c4da6696e7989acbc4ab89bc57c910 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-01-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Este estudo investigou a ocorrência de camadas de crescimento em 48 espécies representativas de cerrado no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Amostras foram obtidas da porção basal de ramos caulinares mais desenvolvidos. Foram caracterizados os marcadores de crescimento, bem como foi descrita a estrutura das camadas de crescimento. As camadas de crescimento apresentaram-se mal definidas em 33% e bem definidas em 61%, sendo ausentes em 6% das espécies analisadas. Várias características anatômicas foram utilizadas como marcadores de crescimento, tais como: fibras de paredes espessas; fibras achatadas radialmente, zonas fibrosas; raios distendidos; faixas marginais de parênquima axial; linhas de parênquima marginal; e proximidade das linhas de parênquima escalariforme. Diferentes marcadores podem ocorrer em uma mesma espécie. Variações na distribuição do parênquima axial nas camadas de crescimento em Vochysia cinnamomea, Qualea multiflora, V. rufa and V. tucanorum, bem como variação na distância das linhas de parênquima axial ao longo dos raios dentro das camadas de crescimento em Annona coriacea, A. crassiflora, Diospyrus hispida e Roupala montana são aqui reportadas pela primeira vez. A fenologia e o hábito das espécies foram aspectos importantes relacionados tanto com a presença e nitidez das camadas de crescimento no lenho quanto com as variações dentro dessas camadas. Growth ring occurrence was investigated in 48 representative species of cerrado in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. We characterized growth ring markers and described the growth layer structure of the basal portion of the most developed stem branches in woody plants. Growth rings were poorly defined in 33%, well defined in 61% and not discernable in 6% of the species studied. Various anatomical features were used as growth markers, such as: thick-walled latewood fibres; radially flattened latewood fibres; fibre zones; distended rays; marginal bands of axial parenchyma; marginal lines of parenchyma; and closeness of the narrow bands of scalariform parenchyma. In a single species, different growth ring markers often occurred together. Within growth layers, variations in the anatomical features were observed. Variations in the axial parenchyma distribution within growth rings in Vochysia cinnamomea, Qualea multiflora, V. rufa and V. tucanorum, wood are here reported for the first time. Variation in the distance of the axial parenchyma in narrow bands along the rays within growth layers in Annona coriacea, A. crassiflora, Diospyrus hispida and Roupala montana wood is also reported. Phenology and habit of the studied species were important aspects related to both growth ring presence and distinctness as well as to the anatomical features' variations within growth layers. Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciências Florestais Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciências Florestais Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T20:06:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-01-01 The bark of Styrax camporum Pohl (Styracaceae) differs anatomically in the root and stem. Roots have layered secondary phloem; short sieve tubes with simple, transverse or more or less inclined sieve plates; fibres in tangential bands; astrosclereids; wide rays, and a poorly developed periderm. Stems have non-layered secondary phloem; longer sieve tubes with compound, scalariform, inclined sieve plates; sclerified cells and brachysclereids; a developed periderm, and a non-persistent rhytidome. Prismatic crystals, starch grains, phenolic compounds and lipidic contents were observed in root and stem bark cells. The differences between the secondary phloem of root and stem are discussed. Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 510, Botucatu SP, CEP 18618-000 Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciências Florestais Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 237, Botucatu SP, CEP 18603-970 Departamento de Botânica Universidade de São Paulo, CP 11461, São Paulo SP, CEP 05421-970 Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 510, Botucatu SP, CEP 18618-000 Departamento de Recursos Naturais - Ciências Florestais Universidade Estadual Paulista, CP 237, Botucatu SP, CEP 18603-970

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042004000300004.pdf: 1099744 bytes, checksum: 3ef1fd9581ecb7b0c67929cb0e63f13c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042004000300004.pdf: 1099744 bytes, checksum: 3ef1fd9581ecb7b0c67929cb0e63f13c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042004000300004.pdf: 1099744 bytes, checksum: 3ef1fd9581ecb7b0c67929cb0e63f13c (MD5) S0100-84042004000300004.pdf.txt: 23532 bytes, checksum: 3bcbaa392aa055f1a901bc15396d67ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:11:23Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042004000300004.pdf: 1099744 bytes, checksum: 3ef1fd9581ecb7b0c67929cb0e63f13c (MD5) S0100-84042004000300004.pdf.txt: 23532 bytes, checksum: 3bcbaa392aa055f1a901bc15396d67ce (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:11:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042004000300004.pdf: 1099744 bytes, checksum: 3ef1fd9581ecb7b0c67929cb0e63f13c (MD5) S0100-84042004000300004.pdf.txt: 23532 bytes, checksum: 3bcbaa392aa055f1a901bc15396d67ce (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-09-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Este é um estudo comparativo das características ultra-estruturais das células envolvidas na organogênese in vitro de Bauhinia forficata Link (sistema indireto) e Glycine max (L.) Merrill (sistema direto). Calos de B. forficata, após 30 dias de cultura, e meristemóides de G. max, após 10 dias de cultura, foram preparados para as análises ultra-estruturais usando métodos convencionais. Retículo endoplasmático rugoso (RER) arranjado concentricamente e plastídeos contendo grãos de amido foram observados durante a organogênese de G. max e B. forficata. O processo amitótico, a presença de plastídeos ao redor do núcleo e de envelope nuclear com poros conspícuos foram observados apenas em B. forficata. This is a comparative study of the ultrastructural characteristics of the cells involved in the organogenesis in vitro of Bauhinia forficata Link (indirect system) and Glycine max (L.) Merrill (direct system). B. forficata calli after 30 days culture and G. max meristemoids after 10 days culture were prepared for ultrastructural analysis using conventional methods. Concentrically arranged rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and plastids containing starch grains were seen during G. max and B. forficata organogenesis. The amitotic process, the presence of plastids around the nucleus and nuclear envelope with conspicuous pores were found in B. forficata. Universidade de São Paulo Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz Departamento de Ciências Biológicas Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:52:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042000000400011.pdf: 463834 bytes, checksum: 0918a9234a760d07597c1287aa54bea9 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:52:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S0100-84042000000400011.pdf: 463834 bytes, checksum: 0918a9234a760d07597c1287aa54bea9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:43:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042000000400011.pdf: 463834 bytes, checksum: 0918a9234a760d07597c1287aa54bea9 (MD5) S0100-84042000000400011.pdf.txt: 19200 bytes, checksum: a38f4d808a5d10b72adc3042454ed4fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:48:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042000000400011.pdf: 463834 bytes, checksum: 0918a9234a760d07597c1287aa54bea9 (MD5) S0100-84042000000400011.pdf.txt: 19200 bytes, checksum: a38f4d808a5d10b72adc3042454ed4fb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:48:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S0100-84042000000400011.pdf: 463834 bytes, checksum: 0918a9234a760d07597c1287aa54bea9 (MD5) S0100-84042000000400011.pdf.txt: 19200 bytes, checksum: a38f4d808a5d10b72adc3042454ed4fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2000-12-01 Folhas adultas de Paepalanthus superbus mostram protuberâncias intercelulares, entre a parede periclinal interna das células epidérmicas e superfície de células parenquimáticas; depósitos semelhantes ocorrem na superfície das células parenquimáticas do mesofilo. Estas protuberâncias são mais proeminentes ao redor de células parenquimáticas, formando uma estrutura que lembra uma cápsula gelatinosa. Testes histoquímicos com vermelho de rutênio evidenciam sua natureza péctica, com inclusões lipídicas dispersas, detectadas por sudan IV e sudan black B. Ultra-estruturalmente as protuberâncias mostram matriz fibrilar permeada por estruturas fimbriadas e tubulares, com margem distinta formada por estrutura membranosa. Nossos resultados sugerem que estas protuberâncias são derivadas de atividade secretora, sendo formadas após o desenvolvimento dos espaços intercelulares. em P. superbus esta estrutura pode representar uma especialização da parede celular, relacionada com adesão e mecanismos de transporte entre células. Mature leaves of Paepalanthus superbus exhibit intercellular protuberances between the inner periclinal walls of the epidermal and the parenchyma cells surface, as well as on the surface of the parenchyma mesophyll cells. These structures are mostly prominent around the parenchyma cells, forming a gel capsule-like structure. Histochemical tests with ruthenium red indicate the pectic nature of the intercellular deposits, with scattered lipidic inclusions as revealed by sudan IV and sudan black B. Ultrastructural analyses show a fibrillar matrix with scattered fimbriate and tubular structures, and a distinct margin delimited by a dense membrane-like structure. Our results suggest that the protuberances are derived from secretory activity, and are formed after the development of the intercellular spaces. For P. superbus this structure may represent an important cell wall specialisation, related with the adhesion and transport mechanisms between cells. Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade de São Paulo Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Departamento de Botânica Universidade Estadual Paulista Instituto de Biociências Centro de Microscopia Eletrônica