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Atherosclerosis is one of the leading causes of death from cardiovascular disease (CVD) that primarily involves  mid size and large arteries. Atherosclerosis is associated with disruption of lipid metabolism and chronic inflammatory processes. One approach for treatment of atherosclerosis is by virtue of epigenetic control by noncoding RNAs (ncRNA) including miRNA, siRNA and lncRNA,  commonly employing miRNA antagonists and mimic compounds. Here, we review such usages as well as other approaches for correcting the molecular lesions of atherosclerosis including specific activation of atheroprotective miRNAs, as well as use of siRNAs and lcRNA to control aberrant lipid metabolism.  We also discuss some of these technologies that have already shown to be effective in clinical trials and are likely to enter the clinical arena.

We investigated the tissue-specific features of the production of adipokines (leptin and adipsin) by adipose tissue in obese patients depending on the degree of obesity and the state of carbohydrate metabolism. An increase in the content of adipsin and leptin in the blood plasma was found. In patients with varying degrees of obesity with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2), we determined the level of tissue-specific expression of LEP and CFD genes encoding leptin and adipsin, respectively. The contribution of different adipose tissue depots to the blood plasma level of adipsin and leptin in obese patients with and without DM 2 was established. The disturbance of reciprocal relationships between adipsin and leptin in obesity is associated with the development of insulin resistance.