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The 'Bridging Imaging Users to Imaging Analysis' survey was conducted in 2022 by the Center for Open Bioimage Analysis (COBA), BioImaging North America (BINA) and the Royal Microscopical Society Data Analysis in Imaging Section (RMS DAIM) to understand the needs of the imaging community. Through multichoice and open‐ended questions, the survey inquired about demographics, image analysis experiences, future needs and suggestions on the role of tool developers and users. Participants of the survey were from diverse roles and domains of the life and physical sciences. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to survey cross‐community to bridge knowledge gaps between physical and life sciences imaging. Survey results indicate that respondents' overarching needs are documentation, detailed tutorials on the usage of image analysis tools, user‐friendly intuitive software, and better solutions for segmentation, ideally in a format tailored to their specific use cases. The tool creators suggested the users familiarise themselves with the fundamentals of image analysis, provide constant feedback and report the issues faced during image analysis while the users would like more documentation and an emphasis on tool friendliness. Regardless of the computational experience, there is a strong preference for 'written tutorials' to acquire knowledge on image analysis. We also observed that the interest in having 'office hours' to get an expert opinion on their image analysis methods has increased over the years. The results also showed less‐than‐expected usage of online discussion forums in the imaging community for solving image analysis problems. Surprisingly, we also observed a decreased interest among the survey respondents in deep/machine learning despite the increasing adoption of artificial intelligence in biology. In addition, the community suggests the need for a common repository for the available image analysis tools and their applications. The opinions and suggestions of the community, released here in full, will help the image analysis tool creation and education communities to design and deliver the resources accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrogen evolution and nitrite reduction reactions are key to producing green hydrogen and ammonia. Antenna–reactor nanoparticles hold promise to improve the performances of these transformations under visible‐light excitation, by combining plasmonic and catalytic materials. However, current materials involve compromising either on the catalytic activity or the plasmonic enhancement and also lack control of reaction selectivity. Here, we demonstrate that ultralow loadings and non‐uniform surface segregation of the catalytic component optimize catalytic activity and selectivity under visible‐light irradiation. Taking Pt−Au as an example we find that fine‐tuning the Pt content produces a 6‐fold increase in the hydrogen evolution compared to commercial Pt/C as well as a 6.5‐fold increase in the nitrite reduction and a 2.5‐fold increase in the selectivity for producing ammonia under visible light excitation relative to dark conditions. Density functional theory suggests that the catalytic reactions are accelerated by the intimate contact between nanoscale Pt‐rich and Au‐rich regions at the surface, which facilitates the formation of electron‐rich hot‐carrier puddles associated with the Pt‐based active sites. The results provide exciting opportunities to design new materials with improved photocatalytic performance for sustainable energy applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PdZn/TiO2 catalysts have been investigated for the hydrogenation of CO2 to methanol. Varying the ratio of Pd and Zn using TiO2 as a support has a dramatic effect on catalytic performance. Chemical vapour impregnation was used to produce PdZn alloys on TiO2 and X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy revealed changes in the structure at varying total PdZn molar ratios. Compared to monometallic Pd/TiO2, introducing a low loading of Zn drastically changes product selectivity. When Pd is alloyed with Zn above a total Zn/Pd = 1 molar ratio, methanol selectivity is improved. Therefore, for enhanced methanol productivity, it is crucial for the Zn loading to be higher than that required for the stoichiometric formation of the 1:1 β-PdZn alloy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite extensive efforts to develop high‐performance H2 evolution catalysts, this remains a major challenge. Here, we demonstrate the use of Cd/Pt precursor solutions for significant photocatalytic H2 production (154.7 mmol g−1 h−1), removing the need for a pre‐synthesized photocatalyst. In addition, we also report simultaneous in situ synthesis of Pt single‐atoms anchored CdS nanoparticles (PtSA‐CdSIS) during photoirradiation. The highly dispersed in situ incorporation of extensive Pt single atoms on CdSIS enables the enhancement of active sites and suppresses charge recombination, which results in exceptionally high solar‐to‐hydrogen conversion efficiency of ≈1 % and an apparent quantum yield of over 91 % (365 nm) for H2 production. Our work not only provides a promising strategy for maximising H2 production efficiency but also provides a green process for H2 production and the synthesis of highly photoactive PtSA‐CdSIS nanoparticles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of Pd based materials have been synthesised and evaluated as catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide and hydrogen to methanol, a useful platform chemical and hydrogen storage molecule. Monometallic Pd catalysts show poor methanol selectivity, but this is improved through the formation of Pd alloys, with both PdZn and PdGa alloys showing greatly enhanced methanol productivity compared with monometallic Pd/Al2O3 and Pd/TiO2 catalysts. Catalyst characterisation shows that the 1 : 1 β-PdZn alloy is present in all Zn containing post-reaction samples, including PdZn/Ga2O3, with the Pd2Ga alloy formed for the Pd/Ga2O3 sample. The heat of mixing was calculated for a variety of alloy compositions with high values determined for both PdZn and Pd2Ga alloys, at ca. −0.6 eV per atom and ca. −0.8 eV per atom, respectively. However, ZnO is more readily reduced than Ga2O3, providing a possible explanation for the preferential formation of the PdZn alloy, rather than PdGa, when in the presence of Ga2O3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Microscopy is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Jerome F. Shapiro. Atomic Bomb Cinema. The Apocalyptic Imagination on Film. Routledge. 2002. 386 pages. Cloth $95.00. Paper $26.95 In Atomic Bomb Cinema, James F. Shapiro draws on cultural theory [...]

Denise J. Youngblood. The Magic Mirror: Moviemaking in Russia, 1908-1918. University of Wisconsin Press. 1999. 197 pages. Cloth $49.95. The idea that the movies are 'a magic mirror,' a reflection [...]

The oxidation of cyclohexane via the in-situ production of H2O2 from molecular H2 and O2 offers an attractive route to the current industrial means of producing cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol (KA oil), key materials in the production of Nylon. The in-situ route has the potential to overcome the significant economic and environmental concerns associated with the use of commercial H2O2, while also allowing for the use of far lower reaction temperatures than those typical of the purely aerobic route to KA oil. Herein we demonstrate the efficacy of a series of bi-functional Pd-based catalysts, which offer appreciable concentrations of KA oil, under conditions where limited activity is observed using O2 alone. In particular the introduction of V into a supported Pd catalyst is seen to improve KA oil concentration by an order of magnitude, compared to the Pd-only analogue. In particular we ascribe this improvement in catalytic performance to the development of Pd domains of mixed oxidation state upon V incorporation as evidenced through X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charlie Keil. Early American Cinema In Transition. Story, Style, and Filmmaking, 1907-1913. University of Wisconsin Press. 2002. 306 pages. Cloth $60.00. Paper $24.95. The basis for all film studies lies [...]

The general and cost-effective synthesis of single atom electrocatalysts (SAECs) still remains a great challenge. Herein, we report a general synthetic protocol for the synthesis of SAECs via a simple condensation–carbonization process, in which furfural and cyanamide were condensation polymerized in the presence of polystyrene nanospheres and metal ions, followed by a pyrolysis to N-doped carbon nanosheet (NCNS) supported SAECs. Six types of SAECs containing platinum, palladium, gold, nickel, cobalt and iron were synthesized to demonstrate the generality of the synthesis protocol. This methodology affords a facile solution to the trade-off between support conductivity and metal loading of SAECs by optimizing the ratio of carbon/nitrogen precursors, i.e., furfural and cyanamide. The presence of single metal atoms was confirmed by high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy and X-ray absorption fine structure measurements. The three-dimensional distribution of single platinum atoms was vividly revealed by depth profile analysis using a scanning transmission electron microscope. The resulting SAECs showed excellent performance for glycerol electro-oxidation and water splitting in alkaline solutions. Notably, Pt/NCNSs possessed an unprecedent mass-normalized current density of 5.3 A per milligram of platinum, which is 32 times that of the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory calculations were conducted to reveal the adsorption behavior of glycerol over the SAECs. Using Ni/NCNSs and Co/NCNSs as anodic and cathodic electrocatalysts, we constructed a solar panel powered electrolytic cell for overall water splitting, leading to an overall energy efficiency of 8.8%, which is among the largest solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiencies reported in the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the portrayal of women in silent film melodramas with reference to June Mathis's 'The Legion of Death' and its depiction of the various roles played by women during World War I. Mathis's screenplay offers insight into female writers' responses to the war and women's contributions to the war film genre.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to see the effect of Er:YAG laser irradiation in dentine and compare this with its effect in enamel. The mechanism of crack propagation in dentine was emphasised and its clinical implications were discussed. Materials and methods: Coronal sections of sound enamel and dentine were machined to 50-μm thickness using a FEI-Helios Plasma (FIB). The specimen was irradiated for 30 s with 2.94-μm Er:YAG laser radiation in a moist environment, using a sapphire dental probe tip, with the tip positioned 2 mm away from the sample surface. One of the sections was analysed as a control and not irradiated. Samples were analysed using the Zeiss Xradia 810 Ultra, which allows high spatial resolution, nanoscale 3D imaging using X-ray computed tomography (CT). Results: Dentine: In the peritubular dentine, micro-cracks ran parallel to the tubules whereas in the inter-tubular region, the cracks ran orthogonal to the dentinal tubules. These cracks extended to a mean depth of approximately 10 μm below the surface. On the dentine surface, there was preferential ablation of the less mineralised intertubular dentine, and this resulted in an irregular topography associated with tubules. Enamel: The irradiated enamel surface showed a characteristic 'rough' morphology suggesting some preferential ablation along certain microstructure directions. There appears to be very little subsurface damage, with the prismatic structure remaining intact. Conclusions: A possible mechanism is that laser radiation is transmitted down the dentinal tubules causing micro-cracks to form in the dentinal tubule walls that tend to be limited to this region. Clinical relevance: Crack might be a source of fracture as it represents a weak point and subsequently might lead to a failure in restorative dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

renee c. hoogland. Lesbian Configurations. Columbia University Press. 1997. 163 pages. Cloth $45.00. In Lesbian Configurations, renee c. hoogland takes on a tremendously difficult and timely task and, almost amazingly, [...]

New AgAu tadpole nanocrystals were synthesized in a one-step reaction involving simultaneous galvanic replacement between Ag nanospheres and AuCl4−(aq.) and AuCl4−(aq.) reduction to Au in the presence of citrate. The AgAu tadpoles display nodular polycrystalline hollow heads, while their undulating tails are single crystals. The unusual morphology suggests an oriented attachment growth mechanism. Remarkably, a 1 nm thick Ag layer was found to segregate so as to cover the entire surface of the tadpoles. By varying the nature of the seeds (Au NPs), double-headed Au tadpoles could also be obtained. The effect of a number of reaction parameters on product morphology were explored, leading to new insights into the growth mechanisms and surface segregation behavior involved in the synthesis of bimetallic and anisotropic nanomaterials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new design of in situ liquid cells is demonstrated, providing the first nanometer resolution elemental mapping of nanostructures in solution. The technique has been applied to investigate dynamic liquid-phase synthesis of core-shell nanostructures and to simultaneously image the compositional distribution for multiple elements within the resulting materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant elemental segregationis shown to exist within individualhollow silver–gold (Ag–Au) bimetallic nanoparticlesobtained from the galvanic reaction between Ag particles and AuCl4–. Three-dimensional compositional mappingusing energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) tomography within the scanningtransmission electron microscope (STEM) reveals that nanoparticlesurface segregation inverts from Au-rich to Ag-rich as Au contentincreases. Maximum Au surface coverage was observed for nanoparticleswith approximately 25 atom % Au, which correlates to the optimal catalyticperformance in a three-component coupling reaction among cyclohexanecarboxyaldehyde, piperidine, and phenylacetylene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coccolithophores create an intricateexoskeleton from nanoscalecalcite platelets. Shape, size, and crystal orientation are controlledto a remarkable degree. In this study, the structure of Rhabdosphaeraclavigerais described in detail for the first time througha combination of electron microscopy techniques, including three-dimensionalelectron tomography. The coccolithophore exhibits several micrometerlong 5-fold symmetric spines with diameters of approximately 0.5 μm.The nanorystals constituting the spine are arranged radially alongthe longitudinal axis, protruding from the almost flat disks thatform the coccosphere. The stem of the spine is shown to consist of{104} calcite rhombohedra single crystalline platelets, arranged infive separate spiral “staircases”. The spine tip shows15 structural elements: five large “panels” protrudingoutward along the lateral plane and five leaf-shaped smaller unitswhich form the topmost steps of the staircases. The outer tip consistsof five long thin platelets protruding along the length of the spineaxis. This feature extends downward into the spine-core. This core-featuremay serve as a base for crystal nucleation and assembly analogousto the proto-coccolith ring in the V/Rgrowth model(Young J. R. et al. Nature,1992, 356, 516−518). However, we find significant dissimilaritiesof the crystal elements constituting the spine in comparison to thatmodel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This section presents an interview with director Milos Forman. He responds to negative feedbacks from authors Ken Kesey and Doctorow about his film adaptations of their literary works, namely "Cuckoo's Nest" and "Ragtime." He talks about his collaboration with author Peter Shaffer. He is also asked about his treatment of youth as the subject of his film "Hair."

Bimetallic Tadpoles. New AgAu tadpoles have been synthesized in a one ‐ step reaction involving galvanic replacement between Ag nanospheres and AuCl4−(aq.) in the presence of citrate. In their Full Paper on page 12314 ff., S. J. Haigh, P. H. C. Camargo and colleagues report how the tadpoles display nodular polycrystalline hollow heads while their undulating tails were single ‐ crystalline, in agreement with an oriented attachment growth mechanism (top image). Remarkably, a 1 nm thick Ag layer (shown in red, bottom image) is found to segregate so as to cover the entire surface of the tadpoles (Au is shown in green). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]