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The suitability and characteristics of middle school inquiry activities in the 2015 National Curriculum of Science in Korea were studied from the perspective of eight science teachers with rich experience in teaching science inquiry activities. In-depth interviews revealed problems teachers experienced while conducting inquiry classes. Problems were classified into five categories: inquiry level, method, tool, inquiry result, difficulty in guidance, and safety. Based on this analysis, strategies for an inquiry improvement plan are suggested, including that quantitative inquiry requiring numerical interpretation of data obtained from the process of inquiry should be emphasized. Concrete guidance of inquiries should be provided for non-major science teachers to help them instruct inquiries more easily. Institutional improvement is needed to develop curriculum activities and the improvement of science lab and classroom environments are necessary for conducting inquiry activities utilizing technology. The results of this study can contribute to the development of science inquiry activity programs.

Keywords: middle school science inquiry; 2015 Korean national science curriculum; inquiry improvement plan; teacher recognition EN middle school science inquiry 2015 Korean national science curriculum inquiry improvement plan teacher recognition 72 108 37 07/05/22 20220101 NES 220101 1 Introduction As society becomes more complex and evolves rapidly, the purpose of education has shifted from knowledge to competency, as recognized by an increasing number of national curricula (OECD, 2003; Lee & Shon, 2019). Teachers noted that the inquiry guidance presented in textbooks or teachers' guides is very simple, and the 2015 national science curriculum did not emphasize training for middle school teachers for science inquiry. Interview, Teacher E 3.2.2 Inquiry Is Difficult for Non-Major Teachers Teachers identified several earth science content related inquiry activities, including using a telescope to observe sunspots, the moon, and the planets, as being difficult for non-earth science major teachers to instruct. 3.1.2 Inquiry Is Difficult for Non-Major Teachers The teachers noted that science content covered in the grade 7 curriculum was not only challenging for students, but also for some teachers. [Extracted from the article]

ABSTRACT The effect of void on characteristics of the laterally diffused metal oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) power amplifier (PA) is analyzed using the thermal and circuit analysis together. Thermal analysis is performed for finding the junction temperature of LDMOS PA as void area changes. Circuit analysis is performed from these results and LDMOS PA libraries. The analysis results show the linearity, gain, and efficiency degradation in the LDMOS PA as a result of the increase in void area. And this simulation methodology can be used for the design of the PA. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 58:691-694, 2016 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]