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Blood and other non‐Newtonian fluids are most appropriately described by a rheological model known as a Casson fluid. The presence of yield stress in Casson fluids makes them particularly relevant in the fields of biomechanics and polymer industries. In this analysis, a numerical simulation of flow of a Casson nanofluid over a stretching surface was estimated. The flow of fluid was subjected to a magnetic field of varying strength. The governing partial differential equations for momentum and heat transmission are converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the aid of similarity transformations. After that, numerical techniques are used to solve the equations. Figures and tables are utilized to illustrate how non‐dimensional parameters affect energy, concentration, and velocity trends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrasound has lately become one of the indispensable diagnostic methods used in dentistry as it is a non-invasive, real-time, radiation-free technique for assessing dental and maxillofacial structures. Based on the analyzed literature, this systematic review aims to present existing developments, ongoing practices, and potential future trends in the use of clinical applications of ultrasound imaging in dentistry. This review includes virtually all the major fields of dentistry such as periodontology, endodontics, orthodontics, and oral surgery. They include identification and characterization of periapical lesions, periodontal examination and screening, examination of salivary gland disorders, and counseling during implant installation. The usefulness of ultrasound imaging in recording the progress of the disease and care and the possibility of applying ultrasound imaging in caries diagnosis are also considered. Moreover, the review discusses the studies that describe the use of ultrasound in conjunction with other imaging methods to obtain higher accuracy. At the same time, the article discusses the potential drawbacks and difficulties in integrating the method into clinical practice for many patients, namely, the reliance on the operator and professional education. Thus, the current review will endeavor to offer dental practitioners and researchers rigorous knowledge of the role of ultrasound imaging and the prospects it holds for the future of dentistry in the sphere of diagnostics and treatment planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pain is one of the most common reasons why patients seek medical attention. When experiencing discomfort in the orofacial region, a dentist is usually the first medical professional consulted. While odontogenic factors are the most common causes of acute pain in the maxillofacial region, it can also be non odontogenic, making it challenging to differentiate between the two. However, with a thorough examination, taking a complete history, and ordering necessary diagnostic tests, a dentist can make an accurate diagnosis and evaluate the entire stomatognathic system and other relevant anatomical regions. Misdiagnosis can lead to unnecessary dental procedures and cause trauma to the patients. Case 1 (50-year-old female) and case 3 (63-year-old female) were finally diagnosed as Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN), which were initially misdiagnosed as odontogenic pain and were treated with unnecessary irreversible dental treatments like Randomised Controlled Clinical Trials (RCT). Case 2 ( 28-year-old female) was eventually diagnosed as a case of myofascial pain with loss of muscle tone, for which the patient required palliative physical therapy. Instead, the splint, which was worn day and night by the patient, and soft diet resulted in muscle atrophy. The present case series emphasises the importance of accurate diagnosis to prevent irreversible dental treatment and protect patients from harm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Coexposure to exogenous neurotoxins, such as fluoride (F−) and dimethoate (DM), is a serious public health concern. In the current study, Wistar rats were exposed to DM (1/10th LD50) and F− (4.5 ppm) in drinking water individually as well as in combination continuously for 28 days and the effectiveness of ginger and quercetin was assessed in combating the oxidative stress-mediated combined toxic effects on blood and brain. Significant (p < 0.05) reductions were observed in the levels of total antioxidant status (TAS), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), blood glutathione (GSH), activities of catalase (CAT), total thiols (TTH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), aryl esterase (AE), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) whereas significant elevations (p < 0.05) in malondialdehyde (MDA) and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) were recorded in blood and brain of coexposed rats. Administration of ginger and quercetin significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the combined F- and DM-induced hematotoxicity as well as neurotoxicity as indicated by the levels of markers of oxidative injury in brain and blood in coexposed rats, which showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement. Moreover, pathological changes, such as neurodegeneration, perivascular edema, and gliosis, observed after combined F− and DM toxicity in the brain (cerebrum and cerebellum) were markedly reduced after ginger supplementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary goal of this research is to look into the rheological aspects of blood flow that contains ternary nanoparticles ($CuO$CuO+ $Ti{O_2}$TiO2+ $A{l_2}{O_3}$Al2O3). For this, the micropolar fluid model is adopted to simulate blood flow transport. Inclined magnetization and porosity characteristics are used to reveal the momentum attributes of flowing fluid, and nonlinearized radiating thermal flux is used to predict the thermal characteristics of the concerned flow. Further, the aspects of suction and injection of fluid over a permeable stretching sheet are also acknowledged. Governing system of partial differential equations are transformed into nonlinear ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformation. An effective built-in routine known as bvp4c, which is based on finite differencing, is used to acquire the solution. The results showed that the trihybrid nanofluid significantly boost fluid motion and temperature profiles more in the mass injection effect in comparison to suction phenomena. The increase in heat transfer rate is also noticed for augmented values of non-linear radiation parameter and micropolar parameter. There is a detailed discussion of the effects of the contributing parameters on the resulting dimensionless profiles. This research has significant implications for the delivery of magnetized blood, hyperthermia therapy, understanding of the bloodstream, transfer of complex bio-waste liquids, and capillary heat exchange. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bovine lymphosarcoma is one of the most prevalent neoplastic diseases in cattle, which affects both dairy and beef animals. Serological evidence and molecular characterization of Enzootic bovine leukemia are reported from India, but reporting of juvenile lymphosarcoma in the calf is scarce. A four-month-old female HF Cross calf with depression, progressive weight loss, weakness, and enlarged peripheral lymph nodes were brought for treatment to the Veterinary Clinical Complex (VCC), SKUASTJ, Jammu, R.S. Pura, India. Peripheral blood showed leukocytosis, lymphocytosis, and normocytic, normochromic anemia. Blood smear and cytopathological examinations revealed the presence of atypically large lymphocytes with obvious clear cytoplasmic vacuoles and cleaved, reniform, amoeboid nuclei with unclear nucleoli. Histopathological examination of the affected lymph nodes showed the presence of a tumor that was characterized by proliferating round, distinct pleomorphic cells having minimal cytoplasm, prominent nuclei, and oval and round basophilic shapes. On the basis of cytological and histo-pathological basis, the present case was described as sporadic juvenile lymphosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was aimed at determining the ameliorative potential of quercetin and Zingiber officinale (ZO) against sodium arsenate‐induced neurotoxicity in male Wistar rats. Thirty adult animals were randomly allocated to five groups (n = 6). Group I served as control, groups II and IV were treated with ZO [300 mg/kg, PO (per os)/day], and group V animals were administered quercetin (50 mg/kg, PO/day) for 18 days. Groups III, IV, and V were injected with sodium arsenate (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneally/day) for 4 days starting from day 15. The administration of sodium arsenate resulted in a significant decrease in total antioxidant status, total thiols, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and aryl esterase in brain tissue of the animals compared with the control group. In addition, a significant increase was observed in malondialdehyde, advanced oxidation protein product and plasma nitric oxide levels, indicating oxidative stress‐mediated neuronal damage. However, these arsenic‐induced alterations were significantly reversed by quercetin or ZO in the treatment groups, indicating their ameliorative potential. These positive effects were further confirmed by histopathological examination of brain tissue revealing the suppression of severe neuronal injury, spongiosis and gliosis in the samples pretreated with quercetin and ZO. Our results suggest that inclusion of ZO and quercetin‐rich foods in the diet can help in preventing the neurotoxic effects in areas with elevated levels of arsenic in food chain and ground water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the potential of quercetin and Zingiber officinale (ZO) Roscoe extract to alleviate the renal damage induced by dimethoate (DM) and fluoride (F-) alone and by their combined exposure in rats. A total of 54 adult Wistar rats were randomly allocated to nine groups (n = 6). A sub-lethal dose of DM (1/10th of the median lethal dose) was administered by oral gavage alone and along with F- (4.5 ppm, three-fold the permissible limit) in their drinking water continuously for 28 days. Chromatographical analysis revealed the presence of quercetin, curcumin, and other phytochemicals with strong antioxidant properties in ZO-rhizome extract. Severe changes were observed in the levels of the renal biomarkers and histoarchitecture after co-administration of the toxicants, indicating greater kidney damage. The administration of ZO extract (300 mg/kg) along with either or both toxicants led to a significant restoration of the biochemical markers and renal antioxidant profile and histology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comparative investigation on the steady flow and heat transfer of different hybrid nanofluids produced by an exponentially stretching sheet in the presence of mixed convection. Tiwari and Das nanofluid model has been employed. The titania (TiO2$TiO_2$) and copper oxide (CuO$CuO$) nanoparticles are suspended in water, EG and a mixture of water‐EG to form TiO2−CuO/water$TiO_2-CuO/water$, TiO2−CuO/EG$TiO_2-CuO/EG$, TiO2−CuO/water−EG(80:20)$TiO_2-CuO/water-EG(80:20)$ and TiO2−CuO/water−EG(60:40)$TiO_2-CuO/water-EG(60:40)$ hybrid nanofluids. The similarity equations are obtained from the governing equations using the similarity transformation, and their solutions are obtained using the bvp4c solver available in the Matlab software. It has been perceived from the present study that the largest % enhancement in skin friction is 39.2148% at λ=5$\lambda = 5$ in the hybrid nanofluid TiO2−CuO$TiO_2-CuO$/water; however, the largest % enhancement in Nusselt number is 11.6260% at λ=−5$\lambda = -5$ in the hybrid nanofluid TiO2−CuO$TiO_2-CuO$/EG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cryptic wheat-alien translocation T5DL x 5DS-5MgS(0.95), with leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 transferred from Aegilops geniculata (UgMg) into common wheat, was further analyzed. Molecular genetic analysis using physically mapped ESTs showed that the alien segment in T5DL x 5DS-5MgS(0.95) represented only a fraction of the wheat deletion bin SDS2-0.78-1.00 and was less than 3.3 cM in length in the diploid wheat genetic map. Comparative genomic analysis indicated a high level of colinearity between the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 12 of rice and the genomic region spanning the Lr57 and Yr40 genes in wheat. The alien segment with genes Lr57 and Yr40 corresponds to fewer than four overlapping BAC or PAC clones of the syntenic rice chromosome arm 12L. The wheat-alien translocation breakpoint in T5DL x 5DS-5MgS(0.95) was further localized to a single BAC clone of the syntenic rice genomic sequence. The small size of the terminal wheat-alien translocation, as established precisely with respect to Chinese Spring deletion bins and the syntenic rice genomic sequence, further confirmed the escaping nature of cryptic wheat-alien translocations in introgressioe breeding. The molecular genetic resources and information developed in the present study will facilitate further fme-scale physical mapping and map-based cloning of the Lr57 and Yr40 genes. Key words: wheat, rust resistance, alien introgression, comparative mapping, synteny. La translocation cryptique T5DL x 5DS-5MgS(0.95), laquelle confere la resistance a la rouille brune et a la rouille stripe suite au transfert des genes Lr57 et Yr40 de 1'Aegilops geniculata (UgMg) au ble tendre, a ete etudiee. Des analyses moleculaires au moyen d'EST de position connue sur la carte physique ont montre que le segment d'ADN etranger present au sein de T5DL x 5DS-5MgS(0.95) ne represente qu'une fraction de la deletion 5DS2-0.78-1.00 chez le ble et mesurait moms de 3,3 cM sur la carte genetique du ble diploide. Des analyses genomiques comparees ont indique une importante colinearite entre la region distale du bras long du chromosomes 12 du riz et la region incluant les genes Lr57 et Yr40 chez le ble. Le segment etranger portant les genes Lr57 et Yr40 correspond a une region qui couvre moms de quatre clones BAC/PAC chevauchants chez le bras chromosomique 12L, lequel est syntenique chez le riz. Le point de translocation au sein de T5DL x 5DS-5MgS(0.95) a ete situe dans un sein clone BAC portant la region correspondante chez le riz. La petite taille de la translocation terminale, telle que revelee precisement par f analyse des deletions chez Chinese Spring et de la region correspondante chez le riz, a de nouveau confirme la nature elusive des translocations impliquant de la chromatine etrangere suite a des introgressions chez le ble. Les resources moleculaires et (information obtenue dans ce travail vont faciliter une cartographie physique plus fine et le clonage positionnel des genes Lr57 et Yr40. Mots-cles : ble, resistance a la rouille, introgression de chromatine etrangere, cartographie comparee, syntenie. [Traduit par la Redaction], Introduction Wild relatives are an important source of genes for broadening the genetic basis of disease resistance in wheat. Owing to suppressed and restricted homoeologous recombination between the chromosomes of [...]

The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-Aegilops geniculata introgression T5DL*5DS-5[M.sup.g]S(0.95), with stripe rust resistance gene Yr40 and leaf rust resistance gene Lr57, is an effective source of resistance against most isolates of the rust pathogen in Kansas and India. Rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 were transferred to the hard red winter wheat (HRWW) cultivars Jagger and Overley by standard backcrossing and marker-assisted selection (MAS). PCR-based cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers were developed and used to select backcross [F.sub.1] plants with rust resistance. Diagnostic polymorphism detected by CAPS marker XLr57/Yr40-MAS-CAPS16 was consistent between the resistant source and a set of wheat cultivars selected by the U.S. Wheat Coordinated Agricultural Project. Homozygous B[C.sub.3][F.sub.2] plants with rust resistance genes were selected using the Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP)-based diagnostic DNA marker polymorphism detected by the wheat grain softness protein (GSP). Deletion of Puroindoline a (Pina-[M.sup.g]1) and Puroindoline b (Pinb-[M.sup.g]1) gene sequences in the chromosome segment of 5[M.sup.g]S substituting for 5DS of wheat suggests that the backcross derivatives with Lr57/Yr40 can be used to develop hard textured wheats. The HRWW germplasm with Lr57 and Yr40 will provide breeders in the Southern Great Plains with adapted lines having an additional source of resistance that can be used to achieve durability of rust resistance.

Seed color is an important trait affecting flour yield and quality in wheat. Seed color also is either tightly linked to or pleiotropically controls seed dormancy in wheat, because most of the red-seeded wheats are tolerant to preharvest sprouting in comparison to white-seeded wheats. Seed color in hexaploid wheat is controlled by the dominant red seed color genes R-A1, R-B1, and R-D1 located in orthologous positions on chromosome arms 3AL, 3BL, and 3DL, respectively. By using wheat ESTs and synteny with rice, we identified one STS marker and one EST marker flanking R-A1 in a 4.4-cM interval by using an RIL and [F.sub.2] populations of L angdon (LDN)/LDN-DIC3A (disomic substitution of T. turgidum subsp, dicoccoides chromosome 3A for 3A of LDN). Physical mapping of the R-A1 gene using tightly linked markers on a set of deletion lines specific to the long arms of group-3 chromosomes indicated that the red seed color genes are located in the distal region (less than 10% of the chromosome arm 3/), which is a high-recombination, generich region in wheat. Comparative genomic analysis indicated that, except for a very minor rearrangement of gene sequences in wheat relative to rice, macrocolinearity is well conserved between the consensus distal deletion bin of wheat 3L-0.80-1.00 and rice chromosome arm 1L. The R-A1 gene of wheat was targeted into a single PAC of rice using colinear flanking markers.

Genes transferred to crop plants from wild species are often associated with deleterious traits. Using molecular markers, we detected a cryptic introgression with a leaf rust resistance gene transferred from Aegilops triuncialis L. into common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). One agronomically desirable rust-resistant introgression line was selected and advanced to [BC.sub.3][F.sub.11] from a cross of hexaploid wheat and A. triuncialis, n situ hybridization using A. triuncialis genomic DNA as a probe failed to detect the alien introgression. The translocation line was resistant to the most prevalent races of leaf rust in India and Kansas. Genetic mapping in a segregating [F.sub.2:3] population showed that the rust resistance was monogenically inherited. Homeologous group 2 restriction fragment length polymorphism markers XksuF11, XksuH16, and Xbg123 showed diagnostically polymorphic alleles between the resistant and susceptible bulks. The alien transfer originated from homeologous chromosome recombination. The A. triuncialis-specific alleles of XksuH16, XksuF11, Xbg123, and one simple sequence repeat marker Xcfd50 cosegregated with the rust resistance, suggesting that the wheat-A, triuncialis translocation occurred in the distal region of chromosome arm 2BL. This translocation was designated T2BS.2BL2tL(0.95). The unique source and map location of the introgression on chromosome 2B indicated that the leaf rust resistance gene is new and was designated Lr58.