14 results on '"Stele, Andreas"'
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2. The battle of Vossenack Ridge: exploring interdisciplinary approaches for the detection of U.S. Army field positions on a Second World War battlefield
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Stele, Andreas, Schwickert, Malte, and Rass, Christoph
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Historic sites -- Case studies -- Methods ,Geoarchaeology -- Case studies -- Methods ,Anthropology/archeology/folklore - Abstract
The full extent of past military events can be difficult to appreciate using only historical and documentary accounts. By combining these visual and textual sources with archaeological and geoarchaeological evidence, the authors propose and test an interdisciplinary approach that aims to establish a processoriented understanding of the genesis and transformation of conflict landscapes. Using the battle site at Vossenack Ridge in Germany as a case study, they demonstrate that such an approach can maximise our understanding of war-related transformations of the landscape, while minimising the damage to subsurface archaeological materials. Keywords: Germany, Second World War, archaeological prospection, geoarchaeology, battlefield archaeology, Introduction The Second World War arguably produced more documentary evidence than any other major historical conflict (Moshenska 2013), with military files, maps, films, photographs, reports and testimonies preserved in many [...]
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- 2021
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3. Statistical Evaluation of the Accuracy of Consumer Drone Photogrammetry at a Romanesque Church in Eastern Bavaria (Germany).
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Linck, Roland, Stele, Andreas, and Schimmer, Christoph
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PHOTOGRAMMETRY ,CULTURAL property ,DRONE aircraft ,POINT cloud - Abstract
For several years, photogrammetric surveys are quite often applied for surveying cultural heritage. For a detailed and accurate result, it is indispensable that the calculated point cloud represents the original geometry of the building in high quality, with vertical and horizontal structures in the same manner. Whereas many published papers in the field of digital heritage documentation are dealing with creating such models or using photogrammetric data for damage detection, only a few papers are investigating the crucial fact of accuracy and how it can be influenced by the used camera resolution. We want to present a case study, in which we compare the photogrammetric point cloud of a normal consumer drone with a high-end device. Beside the actual survey results showing the details of a Romanesque church, a statistical calculation of deviation is shown. It becomes evident that there is only a difference within some millimetres between the corresponding point clouds in most parts of the monument. Hence, it can be stated that, for most applications in heritage protection, affordable consumer unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are sufficient. Only if faint details have to be resolved will a better resolution of the mounted camera be required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Drone photogrammetry as a tool for modern conflict archaeology: a case study of a Second World War armament bunker in Bavaria.
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Linck, Roland and Stele, Andreas
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WORLD War II , *DIGITAL elevation models , *PHOTOGRAMMETRY , *ARCHITECTURAL details , *INDUSTRIAL safety - Abstract
Within this paper, a case study on the application of drone photogrammetry at the Second World War armament bunker Weingut I is presented. The aim of the project was the mapping of the preserved remains in advance to the installation of a memorial site. In particular, the preserved concrete arch and one of the ventilation shafts were mapped by this method in high quality. Therefore, even small details of the building structure as well as several damage spots needing remediation became visible. One important advantage of drone prospecting is an enhanced occupational safety and a cost and time reduction as no further manual resources are necessary. In areas without finalized clearing for Unexploded Ordnance, other manual survey method would be especially dangerous. By comparing the photogrammetric model of the bunker Weingut I with corresponding ALS Digital Surface Models (DSM) of varying resolution, the increase in information is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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5. Climate forcing and shifts in water management on the Northwest Arabian Peninsula (mid-Holocene Rasif wetlands, Saudi Arabia)
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Zielhofer, Christoph, Wellbrock, Kai, al-Souliman, Amer S., von Grafenstein, Manuel, Schneider, Birgit, Fitzsimmons, Kathryn, Stele, Andreas, Lauer, Tobias, von Suchodoletz, Hans, Grottker, Matthias, and Gebel, Hans Georg K.
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- 2018
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6. Large-scale UAV magnetometryon a former World War II airfield at Ganacker(Lower Bavaria, Germany)
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Stele, Andreas, Linck, Roland, and Schikorra, Markus
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3-axis fluxgate magnetometers ,ddc:550 ,archaeological prospection ,UAV magnetometer survey ,Second World War airfield ,FID-GEO-DE-7 ,low-level flight ,conflict landscapes - Abstract
In the last few years, several Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) based magnetometer systems have been tested for archaeological prospection. Due to their higher sensitivity, scalar magnetometers have been preferred as test sensors. However, total field magnetometer are vulnerable to disturbances, especially those generated by the UAV itself. Therefore, most UAV scalar magnetometer systems use the method of increasing the distance between magnetic sensors and the UAV to reduce interference. But freely suspended sensors tend to swing on ropes under the UAV and can produce data that are strongly influenced by heading errors. For our test, we therefore chose the UAV-fixed, compact setup of the SENSYS MagDrone R4, which is equipped with five three-axis FGM3D/75 fluxgate sensors at 50 cm spacing and is covering a swath width of 2.5 m. The 200Hz sampling rate of the R4 allows easy filtering of interference generated by the UAV and external disturbances like power lines or infrastructure. Magnetograms with a spatial resolution of up to 0.20 m per pixel were produced from the data. At Ganacker, we chose the former infrastructure core of the World War II German Air Force airfield as a test site. A wide range of archaeological structures and features with high magnetic contrast were expected on this area. The test site is currently an open agricultural area with a quite flat terrain. Hence, the R4 could be operated at a fixed flight height of just one metre above the surface of the terrain that is controlled actively by a radar sensor. An area of around 110 hectares were prospected within only four days. The MagDrone R4 system thus offers an outstanding survey area progress that cannot even reached by common vehicle-moved multi-sensor arrays. Here, we present the first results of this test survey by comparing the magnetograms, historical and current geodata. Most of the expected archaeological features and several unknown ones were detected by the R4 system. Our results show that the R4 system is well suited for mapping large archaeological structures with high magnetisations. In the future, we want to compare the R4 data with data from a ground-based fluxgate magnetometer. We also want to test whether the system is suitable for detecting archaeological features that have lower magnetic susceptibility and remanence contrasts with the surrounding soil., poster
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- 2022
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7. Testing the advantages of ultra-dense GPR antenna arrays for the Archaeological Prospection
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Linck, Roland, Stele, Andreas, and Schuler, Hans-Martin
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Ground-Penetrating Radar ,Hypocaust Pillars ,ddc:550 ,GPR ,Multichannel Antenna Array ,Roman Bath - Abstract
During the last few years, the use of Ground-Penetrating-Radar (GPR) multi-channel antenna arrays in the Archaeological Prospection increased dramatically. The main advantage of this type of survey is a much faster data acquisition combined with a dense profile spacing. However, most of the common multi-channel arrays consist of antennae with a spacing of not smaller than 8 cm. The aim of our test survey was to evaluate how an even denser spacing of 4 cm that is provided by the IDS Stream-C GPR device at a centre frequency of 600 MHz can improve the detection of small archaeological features. As a test site, we chose the Great Bath in Kempten-Cambodunum. This first capital of the Roman province Rhaetia never has been overbuilt in the following centuries and even today it is used as a grassland declared as an Archaeological Park. Already in 1911, the Great Bath was excavated and beside the walls of different building phases, also small features like a multitude of hypocaust pillars were unearthed. Hence, this building structure depicts an ideal test site and a 40x40m grid covering the main part of the construction was chosen for the application of the antenna array. As a comparison, the same grid was contemporaneously surveyed with a single antenna IDS Duo device (600 and 200 MHz) and a 50 cm profile spacing. Regarding the walls of the Roman bath, the two surveys show comparable results: both datasets represent the stone constructions of 50 – 90 cm width quite well. Furthermore, the depth slices of both devices provide a differentiation of the single building phases. Nevertheless, the resolution for the multi-channel antenna array is of course much higher due to the denser profile spacing. Huger differences occur for the hypocaust pillars of 25 cm lateral length. These features can be mapped in detail with the 4 cm profile spacing of the IDS Stream-C system. Whereas the IDS Duo can only resolve some of the hypocausts, a multitude of them gets visible between 70 and 110 cm depth in the Stream-C data. As a conclusion, it can be stated that standard archaeological remains like stone walls, for sure, can be surveyed with single antenna GPR devices in a common profile spacing of 50 cm. However, in case of the existence of faint archaeological features the application of ultra-dense antenna arrays like the IDS Stream-C is advisable to get a comprehensive overview of a site without the necessity to excavate them., poster
- Published
- 2022
8. UAV magnetometer survey in low‐level flight for archaeology: Case study of a Second World War airfield at Ganacker (Lower Bavaria, Germany).
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Stele, Andreas, Linck, Roland, Schikorra, Markus, and Fassbinder, Jörg W. E.
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WORLD War II , *FLUXGATE magnetometers , *MAGNETOMETERS , *MAGNETIC anomalies , *AIRPORTS , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *ARCHAEOLOGY - Abstract
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)‐based magnetometer systems became more and more attractive for large‐scale archaeological prospection in recent years. Although their sensors exhibit the same sensitivity than the ground‐based prospecting systems, UAV prospecting is seriously handicapped by the magnetic and mechanical disturbances of the drone and by limitations of a low‐level flight. To minimize these disturbances, scalar magnetometers are attached only on a tether 2.5–10 m beneath the drone to be flown as close as possible above the ground. First, test measurements with UAV‐fixed fluxgate magnetometers provide more accurate results than the scalar magnetometers in any configuration but have to overcome disturbance by vibrations. Here, we present a case study choosing the compact set‐up of the Sensys MagDrone R4. The high sampling rate of 200 Hz of the three axis fluxgate sensors of the R4 allows sufficient filtering of the interferences generated by the UAV and external disturbances. High‐precision flight control of the drone allows operating the sensors by radar‐controlled flight height ∼1 m above the ground, which is a fundamental and indispensable prerequisite for archaeological prospecting. For our test, we choose the site Ganacker (southern Bavaria), where we expected a large range of archaeological structures and features with high magnetic contrast. We compare and verify the magnetogram with historical and recent geodata. Our results show that the R4 system offers an outstanding step forward regarding a successful application for archaeological prospection. Already now, the system is well suited for the fast mapping of large areas and archaeological sites with intense magnetic anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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9. Evaluation of the benefits for mapping faint archaeological features by using an ultra‐dense ground‐penetrating‐radar antenna array.
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Linck, Roland, Stele, Andreas, and Schuler, Hans‐Martin
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ANTENNA arrays , *COLUMNS , *GROUND penetrating radar , *SYNCOPE , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations , *HEATING - Abstract
Modern archaeo‐geophysical radar surveys are often executed with multichannel antenna arrays, which allows a much faster survey progress combined with a denser profile spacing. Furthermore, from a methodological point of view, a full 3D dataset is necessary to resolve small targets of a few decimetre diameter. However, only a few test surveys deal with the evaluation of the real improvement in data quality by applying such multichannel arrays. In this paper, a test survey with the IDS Stream‐C 600‐MHz radar device on a small area covering the Roman Bath of Kempten‐Cambodunum is presented. The aim of the study is to figure out whether faint archaeological remains like hypocaust pillars, that is, the pillars of a Roman floor heating system, that are missed by single‐channel devices, are detectable in an ultra‐dense antenna array. Thus, the same area was simultaneously mapped with both GPR configurations. The results of this case study demonstrate the benefit of such antenna arrays for the archaeological prospection of small subsurface features with a diameter of 25 cm or less. For ground‐truthing of the results, a comparison with old excavation maps was executed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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10. Genesis of magnetic anomalies and magnetic properties of archaeological sediments in floodplain wetlands of the Fossa Carolina.
- Author
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Stele, Andreas, Fassbinder, Jörg W.E., Härtling, Joachim W., Bussmann, Jens, Schmidt, Johannes, and Zielhofer, Christoph
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MAGNETIC anomalies , *MAGNETIC properties , *FLOODPLAINS , *WETLANDS , *REMANENCE , *ARCHAEOLOGICAL geology - Abstract
Floodplain wetlands are complex systems influenced by many natural and anthropogenic operators. Due to the influence of high and varying groundwater table and high organic contents, geophysical prospection in wetland floodplains quickly reaches the limits of its effectiveness. At the Early Medieval canal Fossa Carolina in southwest Germany, a study design employing magnetometry, drillings, sampling, and in situ rock magnetic measurements was used for environmental magnetic interpretation of magnetic anomalies in magnetograms and sediment layers. This approach offers reliable archaeological interpretation of magnetic anomalies and magnetic properties under the site specific sedimentological conditions of a floodplain wetland. It was also found that man‐made magnetic anomalies in the floodplain are due to the genesis of different remanent magnetizations – specifically, greigite (Fe3S4) can cause distinct magnetic anomalies in floodplains that can be recognized readily in surface magnetic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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11. Charlemagne's Summit Canal: An Early Medieval Hydro-Engineering Project for Passing the Central European Watershed.
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Zielhofer, Christoph, Leitholdt, Eva, Werther, Lukas, Stele, Andreas, Bussmann, Jens, Linzen, Sven, Schneider, Michael, Meyer, Cornelius, Berg-Hobohm, Stefanie, and Ettel, Peter
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WATERSHEDS ,MARITIME shipping ,WATERWAYS ,GEOPHYSICS ,HYDROLOGY - Abstract
The Central European Watershed divides the Rhine-Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In the Early Medieval period, when ships were important means of transportation, Charlemagne decided to link both catchments by the construction of a canal connecting the Schwabian Rezat and the Altmühl rivers. The artificial waterway would provide a continuous inland navigation route from the North Sea to the Black Sea. The shortcut is known as Fossa Carolina and represents one of the most important Early Medieval engineering achievements in Europe. Despite the important geostrategic relevance of the construction it is not clarified whether the canal was actually used as a navigation waterway. We present new geophysical data and in situ findings from the trench fills that prove for the first time a total length of the constructed Carolingian canal of at least 2300 metres. We have evidence for a conceptual width of the artificial water course between 5 and 6 metres and a water depth of at least 60 to 80 cm. This allows a crossing way passage of Carolingian cargo scows with a payload of several tons. There is strong evidence for clayey to silty layers in the trench fills which reveal suspension load limited stillwater deposition and, therefore, the evidence of former Carolingian and post-Carolingian ponds. These findings are strongly supported by numerous sapropel layers within the trench fills. Our results presented in this study indicate an extraordinarily advanced construction level of the known course of the canal. Here, the excavated levels of Carolingian trench bottoms were generally sufficient for the efficient construction of stepped ponds and prove a final concept for a summit canal. We have evidence for the artificial Carolingian dislocation of the watershed and assume a sophisticated Early Medieval hydrological engineering concept for supplying the summit of the canal with adequate water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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12. High-Resolution Direct Push Sensing in Wetland Geoarchaeology—First Traces of Off-Site Construction Activities at the Fossa Carolina.
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Rabiger-Völlmer, Johannes, Schmidt, Johannes, Werban, Ulrike, Dietrich, Peter, Werther, Lukas, Berg, Stefanie, Stele, Andreas, Schneider, Birgit, von Suchodoletz, Hans, Lindauer, Susanne, Linzen, Sven, Stolz, Ronny, Wilken, Dennis, Ettel, Peter, and Zielhofer, Christoph
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WETLANDS ,MAGNETIC anomalies ,WATER table ,THERMOLUMINESCENCE dating ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL geology ,TOPSOIL ,WATERSHEDS - Abstract
Wetland environments, with their excellent conservation conditions, provide geoarchaeological archives of past human activities. However, the subsurface soil is difficult to access due to high groundwater tables, unstable sediments, and the high cost of excavation. In this study, we present a ground-based non- and minimal-invasive prospection concept adapted to the conditions of wetlands. We investigated the Fossa Carolina in South Germany, a canal that was intended in 792/793 AD by Charlemagne to bridge the Central European Watershed. Although the resulting Carolingian banks and the fairway with wooden revetments are very imposing, archaeological traces of off-site construction activities have not been identified hitherto. Based on a geophysically surveyed intensive linear magnetic anomaly parallel to the Carolingian canal, we aimed to prove potential off-site traces of Carolingian construction activities. In this context, we built up a high-resolution cross-section using highly depth-accurate direct push sensing and ground-truthing. Our results showed the exact geometry of the canal and the former banks. Thus, the magnetic mass anomaly could be clearly located between the buried organic-rich topsoil and the Carolingian banks. The thermoluminescence dating showed that the position of the magnetic mass anomaly reflected Carolingian activities during the construction phases, specifically due to heat exposure. Moreover, we found hints of the groundwater supply to the 5-metre wide navigable fairway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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13. 3D-Modelling of Charlemagne's Summit Canal (Southern Germany)—Merging Remote Sensing and Geoarchaeological Subsurface Data.
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Schmidt, Johannes, Rabiger-Völlmer, Johannes, Werther, Lukas, Werban, Ulrike, Dietrich, Peter, Berg, Stefanie, Ettel, Peter, Linzen, Sven, Stele, Andreas, Schneider, Birgit, and Zielhofer, Christoph
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CANALS ,HYDROLOGIC cycle ,LIDAR ,WATERSHEDS ,DATA analysis - Abstract
The Early Medieval Fossa Carolina is the first hydro-engineering construction that bridges the Central European Watershed. The canal was built in 792/793 AD on order of Charlemagne and should connect the drainage systems of the Rhine-Main catchment and the Danube catchment. In this study, we show for the first time, the integration of Airborne LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) and geoarchaeological subsurface datasets with the aim to create a 3D-model of Charlemagne's summit canal. We used a purged Digital Terrain Model that reflects the pre-modern topography. The geometries of buried canal cross-sections are derived from three archaeological excavations and four high-resolution direct push sensing transects. By means of extensive core data, we interpolate the trench bottom and adjacent edges along the entire canal course. As a result, we are able to create a 3D-model that reflects the maximum construction depth of the Carolingian canal and calculate an excavation volume of approx. 297,000 m
3 . Additionally, we compute the volume of the present dam remnants by Airborne LiDAR data. Surprisingly, the volume of the dam remnants reveals only 120,000 m3 and is much smaller than the computed Carolingian excavation volume. The difference reflects the erosion and anthropogenic overprint since the 8th century AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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14. Atlantic forcing of Western Mediterranean winter rain minima during the last 12,000 years.
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Zielhofer, Christoph, Fletcher, William J., Mischke, Steffen, De Batist, Marc, Campbell, Jennifer F.E., Joannin, Sebastien, Tjallingii, Rik, El Hamouti, Najib, Junginger, Annett, Stele, Andreas, Bussmann, Jens, Schneider, Birgit, Lauer, Tobias, Spitzer, Katrin, Strupler, Michael, Brachert, Thomas, and Mikdad, Abdeslam
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MAXIMA & minima , *AIR masses , *OSTRACODA , *DIATOMS - Abstract
The limited availability of high-resolution continuous archives, insufficient chronological control, and complex hydro-climatic forcing mechanisms lead to many uncertainties in palaeo-hydrological reconstructions for the Western Mediterranean. In this study we present a newly recovered 19.63 m long core from Lake Sidi Ali in the North African Middle Atlas, a transition zone of Atlantic, Western Mediterranean and Saharan air mass trajectories. With a multi-proxy approach based on magnetic susceptibility, carbonate and total organic C content, core-scanning and quantitative XRF, stable isotopes of ostracod shells, charcoal counts, Cedrus pollen abundance, and a first set of diatom data, we reconstruct Western Mediterranean hydro-climatic variability, seasonality and forcing mechanisms during the last 12,000 yr. A robust chronological model based on AMS 14 C dated pollen concentrates supports our high-resolution multi-proxy study. Long-term trends reveal low lake levels at the end of the Younger Dryas, during the mid-Holocene interval 6.6 to 5.4 cal ka BP, and during the last 3000 years. In contrast, lake levels are mostly high during the Early and Mid-Holocene. The record also shows sub-millennial- to centennial-scale decreases in Western Mediterranean winter rain at 11.4, 10.3, 9.2, 8.2, 7.2, 6.6, 6.0, 5.4, 5.0, 4.4, 3.5, 2.9, 2.2, 1.9, 1.7, 1.5, 1.0, 0.7, and 0.2 cal ka BP. Early Holocene winter rain minima are in phase with cooling events and millennial-scale meltwater discharges in the sub-polar North Atlantic. Our proxy parameters do not show so far a clear impact of Saharan air masses on Mediterranean hydro-climate in North Africa. However, a significant hydro-climatic shift at the end of the African Humid Period (∼5 ka) indicates a change in climate forcing mechanisms. The Late Holocene climate variability in the Middle Atlas features a multi-centennial-scale NAO-type pattern, with Atlantic cooling and Western Mediterranean winter rain maxima generally associated with solar minima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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