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The existing literature on color psychology has focused on the cognitive and perceptual processes of colors. However, few researchers have explored the potential role of colors in shaping people’s environmental decision-making and behavior, a crucial issue related to sustainable development. Indeed, recent research has documented the salient effects of colors on consumers’ decision-making and purchasing behavior. Drawing upon the self-expansion theory, this study aims to investigate an interactive effect of people’s color green preference and their nature exposure experiences on sustainable consumption behavior, as well as the mediating mechanism of nature-connectedness. By conducting a survey study (N = 400), we found evidence of a significant interactive effect of color-green preference and nature exposure experiences on nature connectedness, which, in turn, promoted sustainable consumption behavior. This study extends research in color psychology by exploring how people’s preference for green colors could shape their sustainable consumption behavior. Also, it contributes to the literature on environmental behavior by understanding a self-expansion process of when and why green-preferred individuals consume in an environment-friendly manner.

The paper adopts research methods such as literature data method, expert interview method and mathematical statistics method, and uses fuzzy mathematics theory to make a quantitative comprehensive evaluation of related data of martial arts industry. The research conclusions obtained are as follows. The shortcomings of the martial arts industry in the process of marketisation are: (1) lack of human resources; (2) local enthusiasm for investing in the martial arts industry is not high; (3) related industries and platforms that can be used are less. Suggestions to address these are: (1) improve the popularity and influence of martial arts products; (2) formulate relevant policies and regulations to guide the development direction of the martial arts industry; (3) strengthen cooperation with the media, cultivate and package high-level martial arts professionals and establish a martial arts brand image.

The assessment of design concepts presents an efficient and effective strategy for businesses to strengthen their competitive edge and introduce market-worthy products. The widely accepted viewpoint acknowledges this as a intricate multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach, involving a multitude of evaluative criteria and a significant amount of data that is frequently ambiguously defined and subjectively influenced. In order to tackle the problems of uncertainty and fuzziness in design concept evaluation, our research creatively combines interval-valued picture fuzzy set (IVPFS) with an MCDM process of design concept evaluation. Firstly, this study draws on the existing relevant literature and the experience of decision makers to identify some important criteria and corresponding sub-criteria and form a scientific evaluation indicator system. We then introduce the essential operational concepts of interval-valued picture fuzzy numbers (IVPFNs) and the interval-valued picture fuzzy ordered weighted interactive averaging (IVPFOWIA) operator. Thirdly, an entropy weighting method based on IVPFS is proposed in this research to calculate the weights of criteria and sub-criteria, and based on this, an integrated IVPF decision matrix is further constructed based on the presented IVPFOWIA operator. Finally, the best design concept alternative is selected by applying the extended TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) approach with IVPFS. The IVPFS combined with improved MCDM method have been proven to be superior in complex and uncertain decision-making situations through experiments and comparative assessments. The information ambiguity in the evaluation of design concept is well characterized by our augmentation based on IVPFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Trihelix is a plant-specific transcription factor family and has critical roles in plant growth and development and stress resistance. There is less information about Trihelix transcription factor genes and their potential functions in strawberries (Fragaria vesca). In the present study, we performed a detailed bioinformatics analysis of the Trihelix family in strawberries including physicochemical properties, chromosomal location, exon–intron distribution, domain arrangement, and subcellular localization. Thirty Trihelix family members were identified and divided into five subfamilies. The expression of FvTrihelix genes in different tissues/organs, i.e., root, stolon, leaf, flower, and fruit, was measured in strawberries after infection with Colletotrichum. gloeosporioides and foliar applications of salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Most of the genes showed differential expression responses following C. gloeosporioides infection and hormone treatments (SA and JA), suggesting critical roles in disease resistance and hormonal signaling pathways. As anticipated, the ectopic expression of FvTrihelix6 in Arabidopsis thaliana increased resistance against Colletotrichum. higginsianum infection. FvTrihelix6 protein was localized in the nucleus. We surmise that FvTrihelix6 enhances resistance against pathogens through the SA and JA signaling pathways. This study provides novel insights into the strawberry Trihelix transcription factor genes and new candidates for disease-resistance breeding of strawberries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the SV-TVP-VAR model is used to study the relationships between income inequality, household debt, and consumption growth in the US. This is of great significance for studying whether household debt can become a "substitute" for income and whether it is possible to achieve sustainable growth in consumption under the background of worsening income inequality. According to the research results, the main conclusions are as follows: Firstly, the widening of income inequality would increase consumption in the short term but restrain consumption in the medium and long term, as the relationship between them would turn from positive to negative. Secondly, household debt could improve consumption in the short term but reduce consumption in the medium and long term, with long-term effects being greater than medium-term effects, which means that the long-term negative impact of US household debt on household consumption would be persistent. Lastly, widening income inequality has led to rising household debt over different maturities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A hydrodynamic wind–wave combined power generation system is a new type of energy device that uses wind and ocean current energy to generate electricity. In this paper, the hydrodynamics of a wind–wave combined power generation system was simulated in Fluent. The fluid–structure coupling simulation of the vortex vibration of the cylindrical oscillator was realized using UDF and dynamic mesh technology. The Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) characteristics of the cylindrical oscillator were analyzed, and the reliability of the numerical simulation method was verified by comparing the amplitude and trajectory of the eddy-excited vibration with the classic experiments of Jauvtis and Williamson. The VIV characteristics of cylindrical oscillators with different mass ratios were studied in terms of vibration response, motion trajectory, and the streamwise equilibrium position. The effect of the mass ratio on the hydrodynamics of a wind–wave combined power generation system was simulated using spring damping, achieving the goal of carrying out preliminary research work simulating the wind–wave combined power generation device. Some useful conclusions were obtained through calculation, which provided data support for the corresponding platform device. This study shows that in cylindrical oscillators with different mass ratios, the overall trend at the same reduced velocity is that the larger the mass ratio, the smaller the crossflow amplitude. The cylindrical oscillators with mass ratios of one and two appear in the upper branch, while cylindrical oscillators with mass ratios of three and four do not appear, and with the increase in the mass ratio, the frequency ratio in the lower branch tends toward one. At the same reduced velocity, the lower the mass ratio, the larger the corresponding downstream equilibrium position, and the higher the energy acquisition efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate constraints on the time reference of embedded clauses in Mandarin. We show that while English past-tensed embedded clauses disallow later-than-matrix readings in intensional contexts on a de dicto construal, Mandarin relative clauses with bare predicates yield temporally free readings across the board. We argue that the contrast between the temporal interpretations of bare embedded clauses in Mandarin vs. past-tensed embedded clauses in English is not due to a putative contrast between 'tenseless' languages (as Mandarin is traditionally assumed to be) and 'tensed' languages such as English. Mandarin is indeed not tenseless, but rather has a covert Non-Future tense, restricting the reference time of bare sentences to non-future times. Moreover, Mandarin superficially tenseless embedded clauses with overt—be it perfect, perfective, durative/progressive—aspectual marking do not allow later-than-matrix readings on a de dicto construal, just like tensed embedded clauses in English. We conclude that the freedom of interpretation of bare embedded clauses in Mandarin cannot be imputed to null semantically underspecified tense, but rather to null semantically underspecified aspect. Our analysis provides, to our knowledge, the first arguments for Non-Future tense in embedded contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims to help the designers to make decisions in the early stage of new product development. Design concept evaluation is very critical in design process, it may affect the later stages. However, facing to uncertain circumstance, mostly, the raw data in early stage are subjective and imprecise. This work proposes a novel approach to solve this problem. The whole work is based on rough numbers, Shannon entropy, technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method and preference selection index method. Firstly, rough numbers and Shannon entropy are integrated to determine the weight of evaluation criteria based on their interrelationships. After that, a novel technique for order performance by similarity to ideal solution method improved by rough numbers and preference selection index method is proposed to evaluate and rank the alternatives. Then, a comparative case is carried out with proposed method and two other methods in this study. The comparation of evaluation processes indicates that the proposed method's advantage. Compared the other methods, proposed approach is objective, simple and do not need additional input. The results of three methods are similar. It means that the proposed method is not only effective and efficient in design concept evaluation, but also can save time and cost in the early stage of new product development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a useful technology, the horizontal drilling for underground coalmine has been applied in many fields such as gas drainage, water control, exploration and accurate drilling borehole engineering. In this paper, the annulus tubes are used to simulate the fluid transportation process between drilling rod and casing tube when drilling horizontally. The main goal of this research is to analyze the effects of eccentricity, fluid velocity, outer tube length and volume fraction on dynamic characteristics of partially liquid-filled annulus tube in a drillstring system. According to the Euler-Bernoulli beam model, the partially liquid-filled inner tube model and outer tube model are established respectively when considering the effect of transport fluid inside the annulus tubes. Based on the vibration characteristics of the tube, the added mass coefficient is proposed to calculate the natural frequencies of the outer tubes. And natural frequency is the frequency at which a system tends to oscillate in the absence of any driving or damping force. According to the compared results of experiments and simulations, the natural characteristics of outer tube depend on the tube design parameter (outer tube length) and the volume fraction of liquid filled in the outer tube. Furthermore, experiments have verified that the natural frequencies of the outer tubes can be directly calculated from the length of outer tubes. Therefore, it is feasible to propose the method of attaching liquid mass to tube mass to obtain the natural frequencies of outer tubes. According to the results, it can be concluded that: (i) The natural frequencies of tube decrease as the length of the tube increases; (ii) The increase of volume fraction of liquid in the tube can significantly reduce the natural frequencies of tube; (iii) The fluid velocity and eccentricity have less effects on the natural frequencies of tube; (ⅳ) The added mass coefficient of outer tubes can be calculated and it is not a fixed value, it varies with the volume fraction of fluid in annulus tubes. In this work, the inner and outer tube models are established respectively for fluid transportation process between a horizontal drilling rod and casing tube. The effects of four factors on the natural frequencies are compared, and the concept of added mass coefficient is proposed to obtain reasonable tube natural frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To avoid stick-slip vibration, one of the most important forms of self-excited vibrations in deep hole drilling, this paper studies the stability and bifurcation characteristics of a drilling system based on a two-degree-of-freedom discrete model. It is a state-dependent delay model that could describe the non-linear dynamic characteristic of drilling systems more accurately, compared with the traditional constant delay models. In this paper, linear stability analyses of both the state-dependent delay model and the traditional constant delay model are carried out. Hopf bifurcation analyses are then performed by the method of multiple scales. The results show that the state-dependent delay model can provide more precise stability boundaries and more desirable supercritical Hopf bifurcation properties compared to the constant delay model. The control parameters (rotational velocity and feed velocity) will affect these results. It is noted that the method is reliable for deep hole drilling stability prediction and can provide a reference for dynamic optimization design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the correlations between temporal readings of relative clauses and the interpretation of their embedding Noun Phrases (NPs) in Mandarin Chinese. Evidence is provided against a "scope analysis", which has been proposed to account for temporally independent interpretations of relative clauses in English. We show that the interpretations of sentences with "independently" temporally construed relative clauses in Mandarin suggest that the embedding NP does not scope out of the matrix VP, but rather remains in-situ. Consequently, a non-scope analysis better accounts for temporal construals of Mandarin relative clauses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vesicular particles based on inclusion complexes between BPB and γ-HB-β-CDs were prepared and characterized for the first time. The morphologies and sizes were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS). Particularly, these vesicular particles exhibiting clearly fluorescent dots observed by laser confocal scanning microscopy (LCSM) could be alternative candidates as fluorescent probes and labels being applied to cellular staining, labeling, bio-mimicking and drug delivery. The ultraviolet, fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements confirmed the existence of stable 1:1 BPB-γ-HB-β-CD complexes in the system. The vesicular particles were assumed to be constructed by orderly self-aggregates of these inclusion complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new amphiphilic cyclodextrin derivative 2-O-(hydroxypropyl-N,N-dimethyl-N-dodecylammonio)-β-cyclodextrin (2-HPDMDA-β-CD) was prepared and characterized by surface tension, electrical conductivity, dynamic light scattering, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and steady-state fluorescence. 2-HPDMDA-β-CD was found to be a fine surfactant with a smaller critical micelle concentration (1.21 mM) value than that of dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride. TEM showed that 2-HPDMDA-β-CD could form two kinds of spherical aggregates in solution. The smaller one showed little concentration dependence while the larger one showed relatively strong concentration dependence. 2-HPDMDA-β-CD could be a fine host compound in molecular recognition with two functional spaces of the cyclodextrin cavity and micelles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of NaBr on the interaction between alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (CnTAB (n = 14 for TTAB and 16 for CTAB)) and ss-CD was studied by surface tension method. The first decrease in the γcmc of TTAB/ss-CD in the presence of NaBr mainly due to the elongated effective chain length of the hydrophobic part of the TTAB/ss-CD complexes; while the increase in the γcmc of both of the TTAB/ss-CD and CTAB/ss-CD in the presence of NaBr could be attributed to the close pack of CnTAB at the air/water interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dispersion effect of five cyclodextrins (CDs) on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was studied. 2-HB-β-CD is the most efficient dispersing agent. The dispersing ability of CDs on the dispersion of CNTs was 2-HB-β-CD >> 6-HP-β-CD > β-CD > 6-HB-β-CD > 2-HP-β-CD. The movement in the FTIR spectra of the asymmetric and symmetric stretching vibrations of O-H of the composites means hydrogen bonding was an important factor on the dispersing ability. These results indicate that the type of interaction might be a combination of a weak interaction similar to a van der Waals type and hydrogen bonding mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article studies the construction of a Bayesian confidence interval for risk difference in a 2×2 table with structural zero. The exact posterior distribution of the risk difference is derived under the Dirichlet prior distribution, and a tail-based interval is used to construct the Bayesian confidence interval. The frequentist performance of the tail-based interval is investigated and compared with the score-based interval by simulation. Our results show that the tail-based interval at Jeffreys prior performs as well as or better than the score-based confidence interval. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical wave tank is established based on two-phase FVM model and VOF method and verified with the physical experiment in Grue et al. (1994). Focusing waves with different wave steepness passing a vertical cylinder are investigated by Numerical simulations. The phenomenon called 'secondary load cycle' which may lead to ringing response, is observed and discussed. The presence of secondary load cycle could be related to Froude Number (Fr). The possible transition region of the present and absent secondary load cycle is Fr = 0.4. Sub and super harmonic wave components appear in the propagation of waves, second-order wave theory could give a good prediction. Morison equation with linear wave theory could predict well the wave forces of vertical cylinder with small steepness without the secondary load cycle, but cannot capture the crests/troughs of the wave forces with the secondary load cycle. Crest improvements are achieved by second-order wave theory. A spectral analysis based on wavelet transform is applied to wave loads. The frequency of the secondary load may be up to 13 times the wave frequency, which may cause the ringing response expanding to a higher frequency range. Strong ringing response occurs in steep wave, it could be extended up to 15 times wave trough-to-trough frequency due to the secondary load cycle. The damping has slightly influence on the peak of resonance response, but it will lead to faster decay of subsequent response, if the damping ratio is large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The air-breathing proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) is of great interest in mobile power sources because of its simple system design and low parasitic power consumption. Different from previous low-temperature air-breathing PEMFCs, a high-temperature PEMFC with a phosphoric acid doped polybenzimidazole (PBI) membrane as the polymer electrolyte is designed and investigated under air-breathing conditions. The preliminary results show that a peak power density of 220.5 mW cm −2 at 200 °C can be achieved without employing any water managements, which is comparable to those with conventional Nafion® membranes operated at low temperatures. In addition, it is found that with the present cell design, the limiting current density arising from the oxygen transfer limitation is around 700 mA cm −2 even at 200 °C. The short-term durability test at 200 mA cm −2 and 180 °C reveals that all the cells exhibit a gradual decrease in the voltage along with a rise in the internal resistance. The degradation rate of continuous operation is around 58.32 μV h −1 , which is much smaller than those of start/stop cycling operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to explore the association between bowel movement disorders and depression in adults., Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES), 2005-2010. Depression, constipation, diarrhea, and fecal incontinence were self-reported via questionnaires. Weighted logistic regression and subgroup analyses were performed to explore the association between bowel movement disorders and the risk of depression. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was also conducted to investigate the association between bowel movements disorder and depression., Results: A total of 13,820 participants were collected. Compared to the participants with normal bowel movements, the full-adjusted depression model ORs for constipation and diarrhea were 2.28 (95%CI,1.78-2.92), 1.75 (95%CI,1.31-2.31), respectively. Any kind of bowel leakage were associated with depression. The RCS showed the possible nonlinear association between bowel movement frequency/stool shape and depression., Conclusions: Constipation, diarrhea, and bowel leakage are associated with an increased risk of depression., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Tian, Sun, Gao, Qi, Xu, An and Xu.)

Aim: Complex anal fistula poses a significant challenge for anorectal surgeons due to its high risks of recurrence and incontinence. A sphincter-preserving procedure named endorectal advancement flap (ERAF) is gradually being applied to clinical practice. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of ERAF in managing anal fistula., Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases for relevant manuscripts published from 29 August 2003 to 29 August 2023. Among these studies, outcomes included healing rate, recurrence rate, incontinence rate, and complications. Furthermore, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) and the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool. The heterogeneity was determined using the chi-squared test and I2 statistic. A random effects model was applied if significant heterogeneity (p < 0.05 and I2 > 50%) was observed. Sensitivity analysis was conducted by excluding studies with a high risk of bias., Results: Thirty-eight studies were included in the present analysis, involving 1559 participants. The pooled healing rate and recurrence rate of ERAF were 65.5% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 57.6%-73.4%) and 19.6% (95% CI: 14.8%-24.4%), respectively. The pooled incontinence rate was 10.6% (95% CI: 6.0%-15.1%). According to the subgroup analysis, the healing rate, recurrence rate, and incontinence rate of ERAF for fistula associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were 53.9% (95% CI: 38.1%-69.7%), 32.6% (95% CI: 21.3%-43.8%), and 2.8% (95% CI: 0%-10.6%), respectively. For patients without IBD, the healing rate, recurrence rate, and incontinence rate of ERAF were 70.6% (95% CI: 63.9%-77.4%), 15.7% (95% CI: 9.9%-21.5%), and 16.5% (95% CI: 8.1%-24.9%), respectively. We observed that bleeding, local infection or abscess, flap dehiscence, and haematomas were the common complications, with incidences of 2.2% (95% CI: 0%-4.5%), 9.5% (95% CI: 4.7%-14.4%), 10.4% (95% CI: 0.0%-21.6%), and 12.4% (95% CI: 0%-27.6%), respectively., Conclusions: ERAF may be an optional treatment for anal fistula from the perspective of effectiveness and safety., Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO: CRD42023451451.

To explore on the association between nucleic acid turning-negative-time and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptoms in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with the Omicron variant., Method: For this retrospective cross-sectional study, we enrolled 189 patients with COVID-19 (age 20-90 years) were included. multiple linear regression models were used to investigate the TCM symptoms affecting the nucleic acid turning-negative-time of COVID-19 patients, during the process of data analysis, taking with nucleic acid turning-negative-time as the dependent variable, and TCM symptoms as independent variables, and at the same time, sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, and coronary heart disease were as confounding variables., Results: The study found that the most common TCM symptoms of COVID-19 patients with Omicron were cough, dry throat, expectoration, fever, sore throat, pharyngeal itching, running nose, and nasal congestion. Regression analysis showed that the fit regressive equation showed a significant difference (F = 4.286, P < 0.001), R = 0.400, the adjusted R 2 = 0.123, and three variables in the regression equation showed significant difference (P < 0. 05). The results showed that nucleic acid turning-negative-time was mostly related to constipation, fever, and expectoration. If the patients had the symptoms of constipation, fever, and expectoration; that is, if patients showed these symptoms, the turning-negative-time of nucleic acid in patients with Omicron will be prolonged., Conclusions: Treatment based on symptoms for patients with constipation, fever, and expectoration may have important clinical significance for the COVID-19 patients with Omicron., Competing Interests: None of the authors declare any conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.)