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Rechargeable aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) are considered to be one of the most promising devices in the next generation of energy storage systems. However, the uncontrolled growth of Zn dendrites during electroplating leads to rapid battery failure, which hinders the wide application of AZIBs. In this work, an Fe metal interface (FMI) with electric field regulation is designed on the Zn metal anode using a magnetron sputtering technology. The FMI layer with nanosheet array not only uniforms the surface electric field, but also adjusts the surface Zn2+ ion distribution to inhibit 2D diffusion. The strong orientation relationships of the FMI layer enhance the reversibility of Zn plating/stripping, improving the structural stability of the interface layer. Consequently, FMI@Zn symmetric cell exhibits ultra‐stable lifespan for over 6000 h (Cumulative plated capacity, CPC = 15 Ah cm−2) with a low voltage hysteresis of 46.4 mV and high Coulombic efficiency of 99.8% at 5 mA cm−2. Even at the large current density of 40 mA cm−2, the CPC reaches 19.7 Ah cm−2. The proposed electric field regulation strategy reveals a promising prospect for designing highly stable Zn anode, which also applies to other metal anodes in energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors (SCs) are attractive as promising energy storage devices because of their distinctive attributes, such as high power density, good current charge/discharge ability, excellent cyclic stability, reasonable safety, and low cost. Electrode materials play key roles in achieving excellent performance of these SCs. Among them, binary transition metal sulfides (BTMSs) have received significant attention, attributed to their high conductivity, abundant active sites, and excellent electrochemical properties. This topic review aims to summarize recent advances in principles, design, and evaluation of the electrochemical performance for nanostructured BTMSs (including nickel–cobalt sulfides, zinc–cobalt sulfides, and copper–cobalt sulfides.) and their nanocomposites (including those carbon nanomaterials, transition metal oxides, binary transition metal oxides, transition metal sulfides, and polymers). Nanostructuring of these BTMSs and nanocomposites as well as their effects on the performance were discussed, including nanoparticles, nanospheres, nanosheets, nanowires, nanorods, nanotubes, nanoarrays, and hierarchitectured nanostructures. Their electrochemical performance has further been reviewed including specific capacitance, conductivity, rate capability, and cycling stability. In addition, the performance of hybrid supercapacitors (HSCs) assembled using the nanostructured BTMSs as the cathodes also have been summarized and compared. Finally, challenges and further prospects in the HSCs-based BTMS electrodes are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors have become a research hotspot in the field of energy storage due to their highpower density, fast charging/discharging ability, long-term stability and safety. Nevertheless, relatively low energy density hindered their application. Herein, Ni3S2/Zn0.76Co0.24S (NZCS) microsphere were synthesized using a facile two-step hydrothermal process. The polymetallic synergies can improve conductivity and shorten ion transport path. The uniform particle distribution provided numerous active sites for faradaic reactions. The NZCS mircosphere showed a large capacity of 571.5 C g-1 at 1 A g-1 and 87% rate rentention when the current increases by 10 times. A hybrid supercapacitor assmebled by NZCS cathode and active carbon anode demostrate a high energy density of 44.1 Wh kg-1 (407.0 W kg-1) and a stable cycliability of 15,000 cycles with 15% loss. Thus, NZCS is a promising electrode material for high performance supercapacitor.

Semantic segmentation from a three‐dimensional point cloud is vital in autonomous driving, computer vision, and augmented reality. However, current semantic segmentation does not effectively use the point cloud's local geometric features and contextual information, essential for improving segmentation accuracy. A semantic segmentation network that uses local feature fusion and a multilayer attention mechanism is proposed to address these challenges. Specifically, the authors designed a local feature fusion module to encode the geometric and feature information separately, which fully leverages the point cloud's feature perception and geometric structure representation. Furthermore, the authors designed a multilayer attention pooling module consisting of local attention pooling and cascade attention pooling to extract contextual information. Local attention pooling is used to learn local neighbourhood information, and cascade attention pooling captures contextual information from deeper local neighbourhoods. Finally, an enhanced feature representation of important information is obtained by aggregating the features from the two deep attention pooling methods. Extensive experiments on large‐scale point‐cloud datasets Stanford 3D large‐scale indoor spaces and SemanticKITTI indicate that authors network shows excellent advantages over existing representative methods regarding local geometric feature description and global contextual relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single–atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted wide attention to be acted as potential electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). However, the coordination environment of the single transition metal (TM) atoms is essential to the catalytic activity for NRR. Herein, we proposed four types of 3‐, 4‐coordinated and π–d conjugated TMxB3N3S6 (x=2, 3, TM=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Hf, Ta, W, Re and Os) monolayers for SACs. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, I‐TM2B3N3S6 and III‐TM3B3N3S6 are the reasonable 3‐coordinated and 4‐coordinated structures screening by structure stable optimizations, respectively. Next, the structural configurations, electronic properties and catalytic performances of 30 kinds of the 3‐coordinated I‐TM2B3N3S6 and 4‐coordinated III‐TM3B3N3S6 monolayers with different single transition metal atoms were systematically investigated. The results reveal that B3N3S6 ligand is an ideal support for TM atoms due to existence of strong TM‐S bonds. The 3‐coordinated I‐V2B3N3S6 is the best SAC with the low limiting potential (UL) of −0.01 V, excellent stability (Ef=−0.32 eV, Udiss=0.02 V) and remarkable selectivity characteristics. This work not only provides novel π–d conjugated SACs, but also gives theoretical insights into their catalytic activities and offers reference for experimental synthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) point cloud registration is a critical topic in 3D computer vision and remote sensing. Several algorithms based on deep learning techniques have recently tried to deal with indoor partial-to-partial point cloud registration by searching the correspondences between input point clouds. However, existing correspondence-based methods are vulnerable to noise and do not adequately exploit geometric information to extract features, resulting in incorrect correspondences. In this work, we develop a novel network using correspondence confidence and overlap scores to address these challenges. Specifically, we first introduce a feature interaction module that combines spatial structure information to encode unique geometric embedding, greatly enhancing the feature perception. Furthermore, we design a corresponding point matching module, which includes a two-stage point filtering strategy. This method effectively improves the ability to identify embedded inliers from outliers and accurately remove spurious matches, thus allowing the network to focus more on the accurate correspondences of overlapping regions. Extensive experiments on different benchmark datasets indicate that our network shows superior performance of indoor point cloud registration, especially in low overlap registration, with significant improvement over state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods. Our code can be found at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exploration of high-performance Zn-ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) has attracted extensive attention recently. However, achieving high energy and power density has always been a great challenge for the development of ZIHCs. Herein, we construct ZIHCs with a preeminent combination of high energy and power density characteristics by introducing a pseudo-capacitance adsorption mechanism at the cathode side. Sodium 3,4-dihydroxy anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (ARS) was anchored on a porous graphene aerogel film (PGAF-ARS) through strong π–π stacking. Comprehensive physical characterization and DFT calculation revealed that the self-assembled porous structure of PGAF-ARS provides abundant active sites for adsorption/desorption of Zn2+, and this adsorption mechanism usually occurred at specific C＝O sites, which provides additional pseudo-capacitance storage. Simultaneously, the porous structure of the cathode also ensures rapid electron/ion transfer characteristics. Therefore, PGAF-ARS based ZIHCs have a high specific capacity of 230.4 mA h g−1 at 0.3 A g−1 and an excellent capacity retention rate of 92.6% after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1. Moreover, ZIHCs achieve ultra-high energy density (184.9 W h kg−1) and maximum power density (20.6 kW kg−1). Furthermore, coin-type capacitors and flexible quasi-solid Zn-ion hybrid capacitors (F-ZIHCs) also show superior accessibility and practicality in electrochemistry. This work provides a strategy for fabricating high-performance thin films for future flexible electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper-based nanomaterials have attracted significant interest as electrode materials for supercapacitors due to their low cost and environmental friendliness, however, their low capacitances inhibit their commercial applications. Design and application of porous and hybrid 1-D nanostructures as electrode materials is an effective approach to improve their capacitance. In this work, porous Cu(OH)2/Cu7S4 hybrid nanowires were synthesized at room temperature using a self-sacrificial template method. They had large surface areas and pore volumes, which provided numerous active sites for faradaic reactions and facilitated fast ion diffusion and electron transport during the charge–discharge process. Cu(OH)2/Cu7S4 nanowires coated on nickel foam were used as electrodes without using any conductive agent or binder. Results showed that a high specific capacity of 1610.8 C g−1 was achieved at a current density of 4 A g−1, and a large value of 765.0 C g−1 was still retained at a higher current density of 30 A g−1. An asymmetric supercapacitor assembled using this Cu(OH)2/Cu7S4 positive electrode and an active carbon negative electrode demonstrated a high energy density of 48.1 W h kg−1 at a power density of 429.3 W kg−1 and a good cycling stability, suggesting that these porous Cu(OH)2/Cu7S4 hybrid nanowires are promising electrode materials for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method of fault tracking for relay protection devices is presented in this paper. Fault tracking means that after the failure of relay protection devices, the anomalies and warning information are obtained through data-mining technology, and then, the fault tracking algorithm is used to find the cause of failure. Let us take microcomputer protection as an example: Firstly, the common failure symptoms and the prior probability of failure causes can be collected through empirical field data. Then, the concept of an event set is proposed; thus, the causes set and the symptoms set of failure can be created. According to the causal relationship between the causes set of failure and symptoms set of failure, the reasoning chain and the corresponding Bayesian network model are built. Then, the probability of failure causes can be obtained through backward reasoning to continue the tracking analysis of failure causes for relay protection devices. Since the data used in modeling are all from statistics, this method has strong applicability and represents a simple and reliable method for the timely determination and elimination of failure in a power system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single-atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted wide attention to be acted as potential electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). However, the coordination environment of the single transition metal (TM) atoms is essential to the catalytic activity for NRR. Herein, we proposed four types of 3-, 4-coordinated and π-d conjugated TM x B 3 N 3 S 6 (x=2, 3, TM=Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Hf, Ta, W, Re and Os) monolayers for SACs. Based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations, I-TM 2 B 3 N 3 S 6 and III-TM 3 B 3 N 3 S 6 are the reasonable 3-coordinated and 4-coordinated structures screening by structure stable optimizations, respectively. Next, the structural configurations, electronic properties and catalytic performances of 30 kinds of the 3-coordinated I-TM 2 B 3 N 3 S 6 and 4-coordinated III-TM 3 B 3 N 3 S 6 monolayers with different single transition metal atoms were systematically investigated. The results reveal that B 3 N 3 S 6 ligand is an ideal support for TM atoms due to existence of strong TM-S bonds. The 3-coordinated I-V 2 B 3 N 3 S 6 is the best SAC with the low limiting potential (U L ) of -0.01 V, excellent stability (E f =-0.32 eV, U diss =0.02 V) and remarkable selectivity characteristics. This work not only provides novel π-d conjugated SACs, but also gives theoretical insights into their catalytic activities and offers reference for experimental synthesis., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

In visual search tasks, distractors similar to the target can attract our attention and affect the speed of attentional disengagement. The attentional disengagement refers to shifting attention away from stimuli that are not relevant to the task. Previous studies mainly focused on the attentional disengagement of one feature dimension. However, the mechanisms of different feature dimensions on attentional disengagement in single and conjunction visual search remain unclear. In the current study, we adopted the oculomotor disengagement paradigm and used saccade latency as an indicator to explore the effects of different feature dimensions of center stimuli on attentional disengagement. In both single and conjunction feature search tasks, participants began each search by fixating on a center stimulus that appeared simultaneously with search display but would not be the target. Participants were instructed to ensure the first saccade to the target location. In Experiments 1A (single feature search) and 1B (conjunction feature search), we found that the attentional disengagement was significantly delayed or accelerated when center stimuli shared color features with the target or salient distractor, but not in shape feature. Moreover, we found that the difference between the two feature dimensions might be caused by their different search difficulty (Experiment 1C). Therefore, in Experiment 2, we matched the difficulty of searching for color and shape tasks before exploring whether there were differences in the effects of different feature dimensions on attentional disengagement. However, the results in Experiment 2 were similar to those in Experiment 1A, indicating that the different effects of feature dimensions on attentional disengagement were caused by feature asymmetry. Therefore, in Experiment 3, we improved the salient discernibility of shape dimension and matched color search to it. The results showed that although the attentional disengagement was delayed in shape dimension, it was still smaller than that in color dimension. Our results supported that goal-oriented attention sets were the main cause of delayed attentional disengagement. By series of experiments, we found that the utilization of different feature dimensions was associated with task difficulty and the features asymmetry in both single and conjunction visual search., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Hao, Zhang, Wang and Sun.)

Aqueous rechargeable zinc-ion batteries (ARZIBs) are considered as attractive candidates for the next generation of high-safety and low-cost energy storage in large-scale power grids. However, challenges such as the dendrites and the corrosion on the zinc (Zn) surface result in short battery life and low reversibility of Zn plating/stripping. In this work, a method of preconditioning of a zinc anode in hybrid electrolytes (based on poly(ethylene glycol)-200 and H 2 O) to form a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that prevents anode corrosion and dendrites is proposed. Though surface composition analysis and density functional theory calculation, this SEI has dense organic and inorganic components due to the induction of organic molecules and anions and has rapid kinetic and high-throughput properties for the transport of zinc ions. As a result, the SEI-modified Zn anode can maintain a low-voltage hysteresis stable cycle for more than 1600 h in aqueous electrolyte. The anode also exhibits impressive reversibility with a high Coulomobic efficiency of 99.23% over 1300 cycles. Furthermore, the ARZIB encapsulated by this anode and Mn-doped V 6 O 13 cathode enables an outstanding electrochemical stability (181.8 mAh g -1 after 800 cycles at room temperature, 102.2 mAh g -1 after 1000 cycles at -15 °C). This work provides an intriguing idea for the stability maintenance of the anode for ARZIBs or other metal-ion batteries.

Ultrafast response/recovery and high selectivity of gas sensors are critical for real-time and online monitoring of hazardous gases. In this work, α-Fe 2 O 3 nano-ellipsoids were synthesized using a facile one-step hydrothermal method and investigated as highly sensitive H 2 S-sensing materials. The nano-ellipsoids have an average long-axis diameter of 275 nm and an average short-axis diameter of 125 nm. H 2 S gas sensors fabricated using the α-Fe 2 O 3 nano-ellipsoids showed excellent H 2 S-sensing performance at an optimum working temperature of 260 °C. The response and recovery times were 0.8 s/2.2 s for H 2 S gas with a concentration of 50 ppm, which are much faster than those of H 2 S gas sensors reported in the literature. The α-Fe 2 O 3 nano-ellipsoid-based sensors also showed high selectivity to H 2 S compared to other commonly investigated gases including NH 3 , CO, NO 2 , H 2 , CH 2 Cl 2 , and ethanol. In addition, the sensors exhibited high-response values to different concentrations of H 2 S with a detection limit as low as 100 ppb, as well as excellent repeatability and long-term stability.