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30 results on '"TéléDiffusion de France (TDF)"'

1. On demand QoS with a SDN traffic engineering management (STEM) module

Author

Cao-Thanh Phan, Geraldine Texier, Cedric Morin, TéléDiffusion de France ( TDF ), Groupe TDF, IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire ( IMT Atlantique ), Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) ( Network ), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com ( IRT b-com ), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), and Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com)

Subjects
OpenFlow, business.industry, computer.internet_protocol, Network packet, Computer science, Quality of service, Path computation element, [ INFO.INFO-NI ] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Multiprotocol Label Switching, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 020210 optoelectronics & photonics, Traffic engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Forwarding plane, business, Software-defined networking, computer, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Computer network
Abstract

Software Defined Networking (SDN) allows new approaches to provide Quality of Service (QoS). In legacy networks, strict QoS guarantees often result in bandwidth over-provisioning. Then, QoS enforcement either consumes too many resources, or is not flexible enough. We present a solution to provide QoS based on the creation of on-demand MPLS tunnels with guaranteed bandwidths across an SDN network. We introduce an SDN Traffic Engineering Management (STEM) module that interacts with the northbound applications to satisfy their requests to forward QoS-guaranteed traffic flows. STEM delegates the path selection to a Path Computation Element (PCE), and the path enforcement to an SDN controller. We rely on a stateful PCE to record the attributed resources and estimate the remaining network capacity, avoiding overloading the network with monitoring traffic. Upon STEM requests, the SDN controller enforces the QoS policy in the data plane. User flows are aggregated into MPLS tunnels and packets are labeled with a priority depending on the flow effective bandwidth. We highlight the shortfalls of several material and software OpenFlow compatible switches and detail an implementation based on a pica8 switch to overcome them. The experimental results demonstrate that this solution efficiently enforces bandwidth sharing in SDN networks.

Published
2017
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2. Receivers placement for UAV localization in a surveillance area

Author

Pierre Leba, Jean-Yves Baudais, Stephane Meric, Matthieu Crussiere, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, and DGA-RAPID AMBRA

Subjects
UAVs localization, multistatic radar, MLE, optimum receivers placement, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, CRLB
Abstract

International audience; Ensuring security of sensitive areas from unmanned aerial vehicles threats has become a major issue. In this context, multistatic radars present significant advantages over monostatic radars due to exploitation of spatial diversity and improved target detectability. In that perspective, sensors placement has an important impact in target detection or localization performance. In this paper, we propose an empirical method to place receivers in a multistatic radar network in order to cover an area of interest representing a sensitive site. The performance is measured with localization error estimation for different numbers of receivers and different target positions.

Published
2022

3. Quality-driven Variable Frame-Rate for Green Video Coding in Broadcast Applications

Author

Wassim Hamidouche, Charles Bonnineau, Luce Morin, Glenn Herrou, Patrick Dumenil, Jerome Fournier, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Orange Labs [Cesson-Sévigné], Orange Labs, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 10-AIRT-0007, French Government through the ANR Investment, and ANR-10-AIRT-0007,B-COM,B-COM(2010)

Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP), High Frame-Rate (HFR), Computer science, Real-time computing, 02 engineering and technology, High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC), Video quality, Frame rate, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Digital Video Broadcasting, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, Variable frame rate, Codec, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, Ultra-High Definition (UHD), Encoder, High dynamic range, variable frame-rate
Abstract

International audience; The Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) has proposed to introduce the Ultra-High Definition services in three phases: UHD-1 phase 1, UHD-1 phase 2 and UHD-2. The UHD-1 phase 2 specification includes several new features such as High Dynamic Range (HDR) and High Frame-Rate (HFR). It has been shown in several studies that HFR (+100 fps) enhances the perceptual quality and that this quality enhancement is content-dependent. On the other hand, HFR brings several challenges to the transmission chain including codec complexity increase and bit-rate overhead, which may delay or even prevent its deployment in the broadcast echo-system. In this paper, we propose a Variable Frame Rate (VFR) solution to determine the minimum (critical) frame-rate that preserves the perceived video quality of HFR video. The frame-rate determination is modeled as a 3-class classification problem which consists in dynamically and locally selecting one frame-rate among three: 30, 60 and 120 frames per second. Two random forests classifiers are trained with a ground truth carefully built by experts for this purpose. The subjective results conducted on ten HFR video contents, not included in the training set, clearly show the efficiency of the proposed solution enabling to locally determine the lowest possible frame-rate while preserving the quality of the HFR content. Moreover, our VFR solution enables significant bit-rate savings and complexity reductions at both encoder and decoder sides.

Published
2020
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4. Towards More Energy Efficient MAC protocols for LoRaWAN Networks

Author

Ibrahima Faye, Pape Abdoulaye Fam, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
LPWAN, business.industry, Computer science, Wireless network, ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, 010401 analytical chemistry, 05 social sciences, 050801 communication & media studies, Access control, Energy consumption, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Wide area network, Aloha, Scalability, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Computer network, Efficient energy use
Abstract

The Internet of Things (IoT) is currently one of the most trending research topic. Many wireless network technologies, called LPWAN (low power wide area network), have been developed with low-power, long-range and low-throughput in mind. It is estimated that there will be over 50 billion connected devices in these LPWAN networks. This paper focuses on Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol of LPWAN networks to evaluate the scalability and energy consumption performances. More precisely, we compare the two well-known MAC protocols, namely pure Aloha and slotted Aloha. First, we define two performances indicators such as the Data Extraction Rate (DER) and the Network Energy Consumption (NEC). Then we simulate a typical LoRaWAN networks based on the LoRaSim simulator. The results show that the slotted Aloha protocol is more efficient than the pure Aloha protocol in terms of energy consumption.

Published
2020
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5. Scalable Video Coding for Backward-Compatible 360° Video Delivery Over Broadcast Networks

Author

Pierre-Loup Cabarat, Thibaud Biatek, Jean-Francois Travers, Olivier Deforges, Wassim Hamidouche, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Two Clusters Images and Reseaux and Cap Digital, French Government, Two Local Councils Region Bretagne and Region Ile De France, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
HEVC, Computer science, 02 engineering and technology, UHD, Backward compatibility, 360 •, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, Broadband, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Transform coding, scalability, business.industry, 4K, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], 020206 networking & telecommunications, Spectral efficiency, broadcast, Scalable Video Coding, SHVC, Scalability, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Video coding, broadband, business, Decoding methods, Coding (social sciences), Computer network
Abstract

International audience; Recently, the coding and transmission of immersive 360 • video has been intensely studied. The technologies provided by standards developing organizations mainly address requirements coming from over-the-top services. The terrestrial broadcast remains in many countries the mainstream medium to deliver high quality contents to a wide audience. To enable seamless introduction of immersive 360 • video services over terrestrial broadcast, the deployed technologies shall fulfill requirements such as backward compatibility to legacy receivers and high bandwidth efficiency. While bandwidth efficiency is addressed by existing techniques, none of them enables legacy video services decoding. In this paper, a novel scalable coding scheme is proposed to enable immersive 360 • video services introduction over broadcast networks. The experiments show that the proposed scalable coding scheme provides substantial coding gains of 14.99% compared to simulcast coding and introduces a limited coding overhead of 5.15% compared to 360 • single-layer coding. A real-time decoding implementation is proposed, highlighting the relevance of the proposed design. Eventually, an end-to-end demonstrator illustrates how the proposed solution could be integrated in a real terrestrial broadcast environment.

Published
2020
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6. VERSATILE VIDEO CODING AND SUPER-RESOLUTION FOR EFFICIENT DELIVERY OF 8K VIDEO WITH 4K BACKWARD-COMPATIBILITY

Author

Charles Bonnineau, Jean-Francois Travers, Wassim Hamidouche, Olivier Deforges, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CentraleSupélec-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Signal Processing (eess.SP), HEVC, Super-Resolution, business.industry, Computer science, Structural similarity, Image and Video Processing (eess.IV), 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Image and Video Processing, Superresolution, Backward compatibility, SHVC, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, FOS: Electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, 8K, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing, business, Decoding methods, Computer hardware, VVC, Coding (social sciences)
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we propose, through an objective study, to compare and evaluate the performance of different coding approaches allowing the delivery of an 8K video signal with 4K backward-compatibility on broadcast networks. Presented approaches include simulcast of 8K and 4K single-layer signals encoded using High-Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) and Versatile Video Coding (VVC) standards, spatial scalability using SHVC with 4K base layer (BL) and 8K enhancement-layer (EL), and super-resolution applied on 4K VVC signal after decoding to reach 8K resolution. For up-scaling, we selected the deep-learning-based super-resolution method called Super-Resolution with Feedback Network (SRFBN) and the Lanczos interpolation filter. We show that the deep-learning-based approach achieves visual quality gain over simulcast, especially on bit-rates lower than 30Mb/s with average gain of 0.77dB, 0.015, and 7.97 for PSNR, SSIM, and VMAF, respectively and out-performs the Lanczos filter in average by 29% of BD-rate savings.

Published
2020

7. Efficient Arbitrary Sample Rate Conversion for Multi-Standard Digital Front-Ends

Author

Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Amor Nafkha, Christophe Moy, Ali Zeineddine, Stephane Paquelet, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Renesas Technology, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Sample rate conversion, Computer science, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, 05 social sciences, Fractional delay filter, Structure (category theory), 02 engineering and technology, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Variable (computer science), Digital Front-End, Arbitrary Sample Rate Conversion, Computer engineering, Application-specific integrated circuit, 0502 economics and business, Newton Structure, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Field-programmable gate array, Implementation, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, 050203 business & management, Digital front end
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we study the hardware implementation of arbitrary sample rate conversion (ASRC) using recently proposed variable fractional delay filter (V-FDF) structures. The most commonly used solution to implement V-FDFs has been the Farrow structure for the last three decades. In this work, we develop and compare the implementations of different recently proposed V-FDF options based on the Newton structure. These implementations are done on both ASIC and FPGA targets. The obtained results show that the recently proposed solutions offer better ASRC performance while using up to 3 times less resources relatively to the classical Farrow structure. The generic nature of these filters make them suited for a large number of standards.

Published
2019
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8. Smart scaling of the 5G core network: an RNN-based approach

Author

Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, César Viho, Davy Darche, Imad Alawe, Philippe Bertin, Adlen Ksentini, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Orange Labs [Cesson-Sévigné], Orange Labs, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
Computer science, Quality of service, Distributed computing, 05 social sciences, Neural Network, Core network, 050801 communication & media studies, Provisioning, Mobile Core Net-work, Load balancing (computing), Scaling, Scheduling (computing), Load Balancing, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, Robustness (computer science), 0502 economics and business, Scalability, 050211 marketing, Prediction, Virtual network, 5G
Abstract

International audience; The upcoming mobile core network, which will be based on Virtual Network Functions (VNF), will face an increase of data traffic on both data and control planes. This is due to the increase of the number of connected devices and the newly 5G supported-services like IoT, Connected Health Care etc. Therefore dynamic and accurate scalability techniques should be envisioned in order to answer the needs, in term of resource provisioning, without degrading the Quality Of Service (QoS) already offered by hardware based core networks. Although provisioning new resources is easier as it is a matter of software deployment, the strategy to use (when to scale and how much to scale) remains complex. In this paper we propose scaling techniques based on neural networks to forecast the upcoming load. Hence scheduling the resource provisioning should be in a manner that all the needed resources will be deployed and active when the load increases. In the same way, it will scale-in the unneeded resources when the traffic load decreases. The proposal is tested via discrete event simulations using a traffic load dataset provided by a Network Operator. The results show clearly the robustness of our proposal compared to a threshold-based scaling technique.

Published
2018

9. An efficient and lightweight load forecasting for proactive scaling in 5G mobile networks

Author

César Viho, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Philippe Bertin, Davy Darche, Imad Alawe, Adlen Ksentinit, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], Orange Labs [Cesson-Sévigné], Orange Labs, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
Computer science, Distributed computing, Neural Network, Core network, 02 engineering and technology, Scaling, 03 medical and health sciences, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0302 clinical medicine, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Training, Cluster analysis, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Deep learning, Quality of service, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Provisioning, Mobile Core Network, Scalability, Artificial intelligence, business, Prediction, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 5G
Abstract

International audience; The number of connected devices is increasing with the emergence of new services and trends. This phenomenon is leading to a traffic growth over both the control and the data planes of the mobile core network. It is expected that the traffic will increase more and more with the installation of the new generation of mobile networking (5G) as it offers more services that are intended to be connected over the same network in addition to the legacy ones. Therefore the 3GPP group has rethought the architecture of the New Generation Core (NGC) by defining its components as Virtualized Network Functions (VNF). However, scalability techniques should be envisioned in order to answer the needs, in term of resource provisioning, without degrading the Quality Of Service (QoS) already offered by hardware based core networks. Neural networks, and in particular deep learning, having shown their effectiveness in predicting time series, could be good candidates for predicting traffic evolution. In this paper, we proposed a novel solution to generalize neural networks while accelerating the learning process by using K-mean clustering, and a Monte-Carlo method. We benchmarked multiple types of deep neural networks using real operator's data in order to compare their efficiency in predicting the upcoming network load for dynamic and proactive resource provisioning. The proposed solution allow obtaining very good predictions of the traffic evolution while reducing by 50% the time needed for the learning phase.

Published
2018

10. Two SDN multi-tree approaches for constrained seamless multicast

Author

Eric Gnaedinger, Constant Colombo, Rene Kopp, Francis Lepage, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, and Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Seamless, Computer science, IT service continuity, Path computation element, Transport network, 0102 computer and information sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, SDN, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Quality of experience, Routing, Multicast, business.industry, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], Real-time stream, Delay Constrained, Bandwidth allocation, Disjoint trees, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, QoE, Software-defined networking, business, Multi-cast, Computer network
Abstract

International audience; In Content Delivery Networks (CDN), Quality of Experience (QoE) provides two major performance indicators that are availability and continuity of service. As a consequence, network robustness has become a major concern for network operators. TDF operates a traditional transport network for video and audio transport through multicast. Any failure on the network causes a recovery time implying loss and an impact in the content viewing. This illustrate that service continuity is a direct consequence of network availability. This work aims to propose a Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture [1] in which a central controller uses its knowledge of the performance and bandwidth allocation to compute redundant disjoint multicast trees. Two maximally independent trees carrying the same stream over the network are deployed. When a failure occurs, at least one of the trees is still active, eliminating any discontinuity on the content viewing. This paper is focused on the Path Computation Element (PCE), which is based on previous works and the Suurballe-Tarjan algorithm [2]. Two algorithms are presented in this paper, which both fulfill the requirement of the architecture.

Published
2018
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11. SHERPA: A SDN multipath approach to eliminate resilience impact on video streams

Author

Rene Kopp, Eric Gnaedinger, Constant Colombo, Francis Lepage, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Lorraine (UL), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)

Subjects
Computer science, IT service continuity, Path computation element, Transport network, seamless, Content delivery network, 0102 computer and information sciences, 01 natural sciences, SDN, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Robustness (computer science), Quality of experience, delay constrained, business.industry, 05 social sciences, [INFO.INFO-MM]Computer Science [cs]/Multimedia [cs.MM], 050301 education, real-time stream, disjoint paths, Bandwidth allocation, 010201 computation theory & mathematics, QoE, business, Software-defined networking, 0503 education, Computer network
Abstract

International audience; In content delivery network, Quality of Experience (QoE) provides two major performance indicators that are availability and continuity of service. As a consequence, network robustness has become a major concern for network operators. TDF operates a traditional transport network for video and audio transport. Any failure on the network causes a recovery time implying loss and an impact in the content viewing. This illustrate that service continuity is a direct consequence of network availability. This work aims to propose a Software Defined Networking (SDN) architecture in which the controller uses its knowledge of the performance and bandwidth allocation to compute redundant disjoint paths. Two maximally link-independent paths carrying the same stream over the network are deployed. When a failure occurs, at least one of the paths is still active, eliminating any discontinuity on the content viewing. This paper is focused on the Path Computation Element, which is based on Suurballe-Tarjan algorithm.

Published
2018
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12. Generalization and Coefficients Optimization of the Newton Structure

Author

Christophe Moy, Stephane Paquelet, Amor Nafkha, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Ali Zeineddine, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Renesas Technology, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Rennes (UR)

Subjects
Generalization, Computer science, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, Lagrange polynomial, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Filter (signal processing), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Reduction (complexity), symbols.namesake, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, Convergence (routing), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, symbols, Applied mathematics, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Closed-form expression, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Interpolation, Variable (mathematics)
Abstract

The Newton structure is a very efficient implementation of a variable fractional delay filter performing Lagrange interpolation. In this paper, we study the generalization of this structure by developing the closed form expressions of the generalized structure. Through this, any Farrow structure can be replaced by the Newton structure that is more efficient in terms of complexity. Moreover, the closed form expression of the frequency response of the generalized Newton structure is developed. This expression enables the application of filter optimization methods to build customized Newton structures. We demonstrate how this makes possible the design of optimized Newton structures that offer a reduction in complexity by half compared to their Farrow counterparts, while keeping a similar filtering performance.

Published
2018
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13. Variable Fractional Delay Filter: A Novel Architecture Based on Hermite Interpolation

Author

Stephane Paquelet, Pierre-Yves Jezequel, Ali Zeineddine, Amor Nafkha, Christophe Moy, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Signal, Communication et Electronique Embarquée (SCEE), Institut d'Electronique et de Télécommunications de Rennes (IETR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Renesas Technology, Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Hermite polynomials, Computer science, Fractional delay filter, MathematicsofComputing_NUMERICALANALYSIS, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Filter (signal processing), Field (computer science), [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Hermite interpolation, ComputingMethodologies_SYMBOLICANDALGEBRAICMANIPULATION, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Architecture, [SPI.NANO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Micro and nanotechnologies/Microelectronics, Algorithm, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Interpolation, Variable (mathematics)
Abstract

This paper proposes a method for generating low complexity architectures of variable fractional delay filters based on Hermite interpolation. Based on the proposed technique, two novel architectures are introduced to realize modified Newton structures of order three and five. The computational complexity and the performance of these two structures are compared with those of the similar structures based on Lagrange and B-spline interpolations, which are the most commonly used in the field. We show that the proposed Hermite based structures can achieve better filtering performance by combining the advantages of the two other interpolation methods, while having substantially lower hardware complexity.

Published
2018
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14. On the scalability of 5G Core network: the AMF case

Author

Adlen Ksentini, Philippe Bertin, Yassine Hadjadj-Aoul, Davy Darche, Imad Alawe, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Computer science, Distributed computing, NGC, Core network, 020302 automobile design & engineering, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Load balancing (computing), Scaling, Load Balancing, Load management, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0203 mechanical engineering, AMF, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Control Theory, Mobility management, 5G
Abstract

International audience; One of the requirement of 5G is to support massive number of connected devices, considering many use-cases such as IoT and massive Machine Type Communication (MTC). While this represents an interesting opportunity for operators to grow their business, it will need new mechanisms to scale and manage the envisioned high number of devices and their generated traffic. Particularity, the signaling traffic, which will overload the 5G core Network Function (NF) in charge of authentication and mobility, namely Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF). The objective of this paper is to provide an algorithm based on Control Theory allowing: (i) to equilibrate the load on the AMF instances in order to maintain an optimal response time with limited computing latency; (ii) to scale out or in the AMF instance (using NFV techniques) depending on the network load to save energy and avoid wasting resources. Obtained results via computer system indicate the superiority of our algorithm in ensuring fair load balancing while scaling dynamically with the traffic load.

Published
2018
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15. RNN-based traffic prediction for pro-active scaling of the AMF

Author

Alawe, Imad, Hadjadj-Aoul, Yassine, Bertin, Philippe, Ksentini, Adlen, Darche, Davy, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-CentraleSupélec-IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la Loire (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Eurecom [Sophia Antipolis], TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-IMT Atlantique (IMT Atlantique)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI]
Abstract

International audience; The upcoming mobile core network (5G) is expected to support Enhanced Mobile Broadband, Massive Machine Type Communication (MTC) and Ultra-low latency, within the same infrastructure. As those services categories have different expectations in terms of network connectivity, QoS and Key Performance Indicators, some enhancements are being planned to make the network more flexible through the integration of new technologies like Network Functions Virtualization (NFV) and Software Defined Networks (SDN). Following our benchmark conducted in a previous work , the Mobility Management Entity (MME) newly known as Access and Mobility Function (AMF) in the New Generation Core (NGC) architecture, is often overloaded due to the fact of being the only access component over the control plane for a huge number of connected devices. Therefore, latency is increased over not only the attach requests but also over other procedures such as authentication or handover..At IRT b<>com, a complete strategy is being developed using techniques originating from control theory to tackle the issues introduced above. The strategy consists on dispatching the attach request or any mobile network procedure based on the load of the AMFs deployed in the NGC. Therefore, new arrivals are treated with no additional latency. Furthermore, based on control theory, the strategy can scale in or out the AMF depending on the increase or the decrease of the arrival load. In this poster we are going further by using new advances on machine learning, and more specifically Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN), to predict accurately the arrival traffic pattern of devices. The main objective of the proposed approach is to early react to congestion by pro-actively scaling the AMF VNF in a way to absorb such congestion while respecting the traffic constraints.

Published
2017

16. Energy Efficiency of Hybrid Unicast-Broadcast Networks for Mobile TV Services

Author

Pierre Bretillon, Jean-François Hélard, Matthieu Crussiere, Stephane Paquelet, Pape-Abdoulaye Fam, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Mobile broadband, 05 social sciences, [PHYS.MPHY]Physics [physics]/Mathematical Physics [math-ph], 050801 communication & media studies, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Energy consumption, Broadcasting, 7. Clean energy, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-COMP-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Computational Physics [physics.comp-ph], 0508 media and communications, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Mobile telephony, Unicast, business, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, Computer network, Efficient energy use
Abstract

International audience; The increasing popularity of linear services such as mobile TV, broadcasting live and sports events using mobile and portable devices, has led to a dramatic growth of the mobile data traffic. To deal with this traffic explosion, future networks have to increase the capacity offered to mobile communications, while at the same time trying to reduce their energy consumption. Actually, recent studies have shown that network cooperation is a promising candidate to deal with such issues. Based on these facts, this paper addresses the optimization of the energy efficiency of a hybrid network in which a broadcast and a unicast networks cooperate to deliver linear type of services to mobile and portable devices. Two optimization methods have been proposed to analytically find the optimal broadcast coverage area that maximizes the energy efficiency of the hybrid network. Simulation results show that using such a hybrid approach improves the overall energy efficiency.

Published
2017

17. Investigation on an effective magnetic permeability of the rod-shaped ferrites

Author

Franck Colombel, Mohamed Himdi, Sébastien Palud, Evgueni Kaverine, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Engineering, Electromagnetics, Magnetic permeability, business.industry, 020209 energy, Rod antennas, Mechanical permeability, 02 engineering and technology, Structural engineering, Circular cross-sections, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Inductance, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Rod-shaped, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Numerical results, Ferrite (magnet), Simulation model, Ferrites, sense organs, Composite material, business, Full waves
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, we provide full-wave numerical results concerning the effective magnetic permeability of the rod-shaped ferrites which is useful in the calculation of the inductance or the efficiency of ferrite rod antennas. This study covers the circular cross-section ferrites with a centered winding fitting the diameter of the rod. A careful attention is taken to the simulation model, and obtained results are in better agreement with the measured coils than existing solution published earlier. © 2017, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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18. Intermodulation distortion and compression point measurement of active integrated antennas using a radiative method

Author

Sébastien Palud, Evgueni Kaverine, Mohamed Himdi, Dominique Lemur, Franck Colombel, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Electromagnetics, Acoustics, Measurement procedures, Intermodulation distortion, 02 engineering and technology, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Compression (functional analysis), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Radiative transfer, Point (geometry), Mathematics, Parallel plates, business.industry, 020208 electrical & electronic engineering, Complementary tools, Linearity, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Condensed Matter Physics, Parallel plate, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Compression points, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Integrated antennas, Antennas, Telecommunications, business, Active integrated antenna, Intermodulation
Abstract

International audience; In this paper, a measurement procedure allowing the characterization of active integrated antennas in terms of intermodulation distortion and compression point inside of a parallel plate cell is presented. The validity of the radiative measurement is shown and compared to the traditional guided procedure. A good agreement between the two methods shows that this approach allows the evaluation of the overall linearity behavior of arbitrary complex integrated antennas and can serve as a complementary tool when the traditional guided method cannot be applied. © 2017, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.

Published
2017
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19. Optimal capacity of hybrid unicast-broadcast networks for mobile TV services

Author

Pierre Bretillon, Pape-Abdoulaye Fam, Jean-François Hélard, Stephane Paquelet, Matthieu Crussiere, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), IEEE, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
Computer science, Numerical models, Distributed computing, Unicast, 050801 communication & media studies, 02 engineering and technology, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service, Atomic broadcast, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], 0508 media and communications, [INFO.INFO-TS]Computer Science [cs]/Signal and Image Processing, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Computer Science::Networking and Internet Architecture, Broadcast radiation, Computer Science::Information Theory, Signal to noise ratio, Digital video broadcasting, business.industry, Resource management, 05 social sciences, Broadcast domain, 020206 networking & telecommunications, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, Network planning and design, Planning, Broadcast communication network, Convex optimization, business, optimization, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-DATA-AN]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability [physics.data-an], Computer network
Abstract

International audience; This paper studies the optimal broadcast coverage radius in a hybrid network from the perspective of network planning. The hybrid network is composed of a unicast and broadcast systems which cooperate to deliver linear services on portable and mobile devices. First we define a hybrid approach in which the coverage radius of the broadcast network is adjusted according to the distribution of the users in the service area. Then, by applying convex optimization methods, we derive a closed-form expression of the optimal broadcast coverage radius that maximizes the average capacity per user in the hybrid network. The results show that the closed-form expression of the broadcast coverage radius is in good agreement with the simulation results, which validates the theoretical approach.

Published
2016
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20. Analytical Derivation and Optimization of a Hybrid Unicast-Broadcast Network for Linear Services

Author

Pape Abdoulaye Fam, Matthieu Crussiere, Pierre Bretillon, Stephane Paquelet, Jean-François Hélard, Domaine Network (IRT b<>com) (Network), Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SCN, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes)

Subjects
Service (systems architecture), business.industry, Computer science, Quality of service, Mobile computing, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, Network simulation, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Convex optimization, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Media Technology, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Digital television, Mobile telephony, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Unicast, delivery, business, Computer network
Abstract

International audience; This paper provides a theoretical analysis of the performance of an hybrid network composed of a broadband system and a broadcast system which cooperate to deliver linear services on portable and mobile devices. First, we propose a global system model for the hybrid network in which the coverage area of the broadcast system is adjusted with respect to the spatial distribution of the users. Then based on the number of users requesting the services, the model parameters are optimized to increase the capacity of the hybrid network while guaranteeing a given quality of service. By applying convex optimization techniques, we derive a closed-form expression of the optimal coverage radius of the broadcast system that maximizes the capacity of the hybrid network. Next, based on this theoretical model, we analyze the performances of the optimized hybrid network. The results show that, depending on the number of users requesting the service, significant improvements of the capacity and quality of service are achieved with the hybrid network. Finally, regarding the planning of a cooperative network, this paper can be used to determine the optimal planning parameters of the broadcasting system for the delivery of linear services.

Published
2016
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21. Modeling an IP network for audiovisual streaming to improve double failure recovery

Author

Pirlot, Stéphen, Gnaendinger, Eric, Kopp, René, Lepage, Francis, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LEPAGE, Francis

Subjects
Multicast Transport, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Bayesian Network, Network Survivability, Engineering Choice, Availability, Dependability, Protocol Modeling
Abstract

International audience; Protocols engineering of IP/MPLS networks are constantly improving with new separated features and new resilience mechanisms. In the transportation of audiovisual signals domain we must compose with multicast protocols which are designed from other scientific developments. This audiovisual traffic due to its non-elastic nature presents a very huge sensitivity to network recovery after a failure and these effects can be amplified by end devices (encoding, decoding and MPEG IP encapsulation). In this way when we choose between engineering solutions the unique criterion of availability is not enough, we must complete by an impact analysis on the service made by the network resilience technics. In this paper, we propose a first approach to analyze the behavior of different protocols engineering to improve selection. We propose using Bayesian networks to compare performance on different criteria and we will illustrate with two engineering models. The results focus on a real improvement of availability by choosing the adapted engineering solution.

Published
2015

22. IP/MPLS network modeling using Bayesian networks to improve double failure recovery

Author

Rene Kopp, Eric Gnaedinger, Francis Lepage, Stephen Pirlot, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Centre de Recherche en Automatique de Nancy (CRAN), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and LEPAGE, Francis

Subjects
Routing protocol, Engineering, [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], Multicast, business.industry, computer.internet_protocol, Bayesian network, Network Survivability, Multiprotocol Label Switching, Availability, Dependability, Encapsulation (networking), [SPI.AUTO]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Multicast Transport, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [SPI.AUTO] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Automatic, Bayesian Network, Network recovery, Engineering Choice, business, computer, Decoding methods, Protocol Modeling, Computer network
Abstract

International audience; Protocols engineering of IP/MPLS networks are constantly improving with new separated features and new resilience mechanisms. In the transportation of audiovisual signals domain we must compose with multicast protocols which are designed from other scientific developments. This audiovisual traffic due to his non springy nature presents a very huge sensitivity to network recovery after a failure and these effects can be amplified by end devices (encoding, decoding and MPEG IP encapsulation). In this way when we choose between engineering solutions the unique criterion of availability is not enough, we must complete by an impact analysis on the service made by the network resilience technics. In this paper, we propose a first approach to analyze the behavior of different protocols engineering to improve selection. We propose using Bayesian networks to compare performance on different criteria and we will illustrate with two engineering models. The results focus on a real improvement of availability by choosing the adapted engineering solution.

Published
2015

23. Measurements Process of Vertically Polarized Electromagnetic Surface-Waves Over a Calm Sea in the HF Band over a Spherical Earth

Author

Bellec, M., Jezequel, P. Y., Palud, S., Colombel, F., Avrillon, S., Pouliguen, P., Jonchère, Laurent, TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), DGA Maîtrise de l'information (DGA.MI), Direction générale de l'Armement (DGA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], propagation, impedance, upper-atmosphere, radio-waves, attenuation, [SPI.TRON] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics, [SPI.TRON]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electronics
Abstract

International audience; A HF surface-wave experimentation across a 220 km sea water path is carried out at 5, 10, and 20 MHz in order to evaluate the relative field strength attenuation with distance and beyond the horizon with a low measurement uncertainty. Although the theories are well known, the experimentation is described from the transmitter's implementation until the RF equipment in order to improve the signal to noise ratio. The measurement setup described proves the reliability of the data.

Published
2015

24. EFFICIENT QUANTIZATION PARAMETER ESTIMATION IN HEVC BASED ON ρ-DOMAIN

Author

Biatek, Thibaud, Raulet, Mickaël, Travers, J.-F, Deforges, Olivier, Institut de Recherche Technologique b-com (IRT b-com), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1)

Subjects
HEVC, ρ-Domain, Rate-Control, [SPI.SIGNAL]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Signal and Image processing
Abstract

International audience; This paper proposes a quantization parameter estimation algorithm for HEVC CTU rate control. Several methods were proposed, mostly based on Lagrangian optimization combined with Laplacian distribution for transformed coeffi-cients. These methods are accurate but increase the encoder complexity. This paper provides an innovative reduced com-plexity algorithm based on a ρ-domain rate model. Indeed, for each CTU, the algorithm predicts encoding parameters based on co-located CTU. By combining it with Laplacian distri-bution for transformed coefficients, we obtain the dead-zone boundary for quantization and the related quantization pa-rameter. Experiments in the HEVC HM Reference Software show a good accuracy with only a 3% average bitrate error and no PSNR deterioration for random-access configuration.

Published
2014

25. Computation of the field radiated by a FM transmitter by means of ordinary kriging

Author

Philippe Briend, Francois Jouvie, Francois Jacquin, Emmanuel Nicolas, Dominique Lecointe, DRE - Département de Recherche en Electromagnétisme, EMG - Département Electromagnétisme - L2S, Laboratoire des signaux et systèmes (L2S), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-SUPELEC-Campus Gif, Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE)-Ecole Supérieure d'Electricité - SUPELEC (FRANCE), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, and contrat industriel

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Computer simulation, Computation, FM transmitter, 020206 networking & telecommunications, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, 010104 statistics & probability, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, law, Spatial reference system, Kriging, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, 0101 mathematics, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Variogram, Algorithm, Frequency modulation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract

The maintenance of frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting sites is one of the activities of TDF to guarantee the availability of broadcasting services for its clients. As it is not always possible to stop the broadcasting due to the large number of listeners, TDF has to guarantee the safety of workplaces with respect to the limits of exposure to electromagnetic fields inside the mast near the antenna. Exposure limits are defined in the European Directive for workers (see [1]). Today, TDF carries out measurements with broadband fieldmeter to identify areas above the action level in terms of electric field limit, but for precise measurements, three axes probing with selective measurements are carried out, frequency by frequency, inside the workplace. Hence, the magnitude of the electric field in the zone is obtained either by a broadband fieldmeter which is moved manually along a vertical axis or by a selective three axes probing with a lot of punctual measurements to have a spatial sampling of the field in the volume of interest. Regrettably, in practice, measurements take a long time because of the difficult situation of measurement points, the closeness of metallic structures and a lack of place inside the mast. Consequently, the number of sampling points is generally too limited to assess the exposure. The challenge is not only to assess the field level anywhere inside the volume of interest, without any additional measurements, but also to know the uncertainty associated to the assessed value. By comparing these results to the limit value, one can conclude on the safety of the volume. As a simple interpolation of the measured values does not yield the associated uncertainty, we examine in this paper how ordinary kriging can be an effective tool to take up this challenge. The paper is organized as follows: in Section 2, we recall the main theoretical results concerning the ordinary kriging and, particularly, the variogram. In Section 3, we explain why numerical simulation is used as a help in the implemented process and we present a description of the FM transmitter numerical model. In Section 4, we detail the computations of bidimensional variograms that concern the distribution of electric field in restricted planes of the spatial coordinates system. In Section 5, we detail the construction of three-dimensional variograms that are necessary for the computation of fields over volumes. Finally, some concluding remarks are given in Section 6.

Published
2011
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26. An Overview of the SVC4QoE project

Author

Barkowsky, Marcus, Blestel, Médéric, Carnec, Mathieu, Ksentini, Adlen, Le Callet, Patrick, Madec, Gérard, Monnier, Raoul, Nezan, Jean François, Pepion, Romuald, Pitrey, Yohann, Travers, Jean-Fran, Raulet, Mickael, Untersee, Alain, Institut de Recherche en Communications et en Cybernétique de Nantes (IRCCyN), Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut d'Électronique et des Technologies du numéRique (IETR), Nantes Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dependability Interoperability and perfOrmance aNalYsiS Of networkS (DIONYSOS), Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Télécom Bretagne-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Département Image et Traitement Information (ITI), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Thomson Multimedia R&D France, Thomson, Image, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-PRES Université Nantes Angers Le Mans (UNAM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Mines Nantes (Mines Nantes)-École Centrale de Nantes (ECN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Teamcast, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires (IRISA), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-École normale supérieure - Rennes (ENS Rennes)-Télécom Bretagne-CentraleSupélec-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), RÉSEAUX, TÉLÉCOMMUNICATION ET SERVICES (IRISA-D2), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Inria Rennes – Bretagne Atlantique, and Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION
Abstract

The aim of this paper is to give an overview of the SVC4QoE project which purpose is to use Scalable Video Coding (SVC) to optimize video transmission in terms of Quality of Experience over DVB-T2 channels. The originality of this project is to consider the influence of the whole chain of treatments performed on the video data in terms of user-perceived quality. The encoding process, as well as transmission, decoding and display are included in the optimization process. Particularly, the multi-layer structure of SVC is to be exploited to circumvent alterations of the video related to transmission on error-prone networks. Combining SVC with QoE thus provides a way to reduce network operating costs, while increasing the quality from the user's point of view. Several innovations are also to be mentioned, such as the use of a real-time open-source SVC decoder, evaluation of visual quality through subjective quality assessment tests, transmission and synchronization of SVC layers on the receiver's side, and development of a DVB-T2 Gateway which implements the multi-PLP functional-ity in an SVC context.

Published
2010

27. An on-site 'SAR' evaluation using interpolation and plane-wave decomposition

Author

David Lautru, M.F. Wong, Joe Wiart, V. Fouad-Hanna, E. Nicolas, F. Jacquin, A. Gati, F. Saidi, France Telecom Division R&D [Issy-les-Moulineaux], France Télécom, Laboratoire d'Electronique et Electromagnétisme (L2E), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), and Groupe TDF

Subjects
Electromagnetic field, Engineering, FDTD, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, electromagnetic human exposure, 0103 physical sciences, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Electronic engineering, Decomposition (computer science), Plane wave decomposition, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010302 applied physics, in-situ SAR assessment, business.industry, Finite-difference time-domain method, Specific absorption rate, 020206 networking & telecommunications, Condensed Matter Physics, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, interpolation, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Computational physics, [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, Human exposure, plane-wave decomposition, business, Microwave, Interpolation
Abstract

Two efficient techniques are investigated for the evaluation of the human exposure to electromagnetic fields in terms of the on-site assessment of the specific absorption rate (SAR) using interpolation techniques and plane-wave decomposition. These methods allow evaluating, in an optimal manner, the induced electromagnetic field and the SAR in a human tissue using both the measurements and calculation resulting in the alleviation of imposed constraints on them. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 50: 1501–1505, 2008; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.23406

Published
2008
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28. Adaptative BTS location in cellular network

Author

Ubéda, Stéphane, Josselin, Sophie, Chamaret, Blaise, Wagner, Daniel, Laboratoire de l'Informatique du Parallélisme (LIP), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Ubeda, Stephane, and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-TI] Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-NI] Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], [INFO.INFO-TI]Computer Science [cs]/Image Processing [eess.IV], [INFO.INFO-DC] Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], Telecommunication, [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
1997

29. Radio Network Planning with Combinatorial Optimization Algorithms

Author

Calégari, Patrice, Guidec, Frédéric, Kuonen, Pierre, Chamaret, Blaise, Ubéda, Stéphane, Josselin, Sophie, Wagner, Daniel, Pizarosso, Mario, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon), Architectures of networks of services (ARES), Inria Grenoble - Rhône-Alpes, Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-CITI Centre of Innovation in Telecommunications and Integration of services (CITI), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, Telefonica Investigación y Desarrollo (Telefonica I+D), Telefonica Group, Chr. Christensen, and École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-MC]Computer Science [cs]/Mobile Computing, [INFO.INFO-NI]Computer Science [cs]/Networking and Internet Architecture [cs.NI], ComputerSystemsOrganization_COMPUTER-COMMUNICATIONNETWORKS, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], [INFO.INFO-DC]Computer Science [cs]/Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing [cs.DC], [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation
Abstract

International audience; Future UMTS radio planning engineers will face difficult problems due to the complexity of the system and the size of these networks. In the STORMS project, a software for the optimisation of the radio network is under development. Two mathematical models of the radio planning problem are proposed. Two software prototypes based on these models are described with the first experimental and comparative results.

Published
1996

30. Parallel network coverage simulation application

Author

Ubéda, Stéphane, Josselin, Sophie, Wagner, Daniel, Kuonen, Pierre, Ubeda, Stephane, Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), TéléDiffusion de France (TDF), Groupe TDF, and Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL)

Subjects
[INFO.INFO-IU]Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, Telecommunication, [INFO.INFO-IU] Computer Science [cs]/Ubiquitous Computing, Parallel Applications, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
1995

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