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The Physical Education (PE) lesson is considered by many researchers to be the main tool that can be used to reduce the sedentary lifestyle of the population. But the most effective way to teach this lesson is still a topic of intense debate among schoolers. The present paper aims to highlight the importance of theoretical knowledge in the educational process in the PE lesson. For this reason, a systematic review was conducted through which a number of 42 papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Following the analysis of the papers, the results were reported on three themes: (1) PETE (Physical Education Teacher Education); (2) Curriculum; and (3) Research. The researchers believe that the theoretical contents must be taught to the students in the PE lesson so that they can formulate an answer to the question: “Why should they be physically active in life?". But for this to happen, teachers must be trained in this direction, the curriculum must also contain theoretical content, and researchers must demonstrate the benefits that this knowledge brings in the long term.

This study investigates the association between conscientiousness and emotional intelligence (EI) in Paralympic athletes. A sample of 274 athletes (190 male, 84 female) was analyzed using the Schutte EI Scale and a Conscientiousness scale from the Big Five Personality Traits. Results indicated a significant positive relationship between EI and conscientiousness, with EI explaining 28% of the variance in conscientiousness (p < 0.05). Specifically, optimism and mood regulation demonstrated a high positive correlation with conscientiousness (r = 0.501), while assessing feelings showed a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.391), and using feelings revealed a low positive correlation (r = 0.120). Gender-based analysis revealed that female athletes scored significantly higher in emotional usage. These findings suggest that promoting EI in Paralympic athletes could enhance conscientiousness, potentially benefiting their resilience and psychological stability. Future research should explore longitudinal designs to examine these associations further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a common problem in clinical practice that affects the functionality of the shoulder. This study investigates the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) assisted therapy in treating this syndrome, focusing on assessment using the Constant-Murley shoulder score. Materials and Methods: A group of 288 participants was randomly divided into two categories: an experimental group that received VR therapy and a control group that underwent conventional therapy. The Constant-Murley shoulder score assessed patients' progress, measuring shoulder function, joint mobility, and associated pain. Results: The participants underwent therapeutic interventions for 50 weeks, and the results were compared between the two groups. The experimental group that benefited from VR therapy showed significant improvements in Constant-Murley scores, indicating an increase in shoulder functionality, joint mobility, and pain reduction compared to the control group. Conclusion: VR therapy has proven effective in improving shoulder functionality in patients with SIS according to the Constant-Murley score. These results support the use of VR as an innovative and promising therapeutic option in treating this musculoskeletal condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, bibliometric properties of studies on physical activity barriers in men were analyzed using the Biblioshiny interface in R programming language. According to the results of the analysis, a total of 867 articles were published in 397 journals between 1992 and 2024. A great majority of the related studies were produced by American authors and institutions in the USA. The keywords frequently used by the authors were physical activity, exercise, barrier, health, male, and adult. In recent years, the most studied trend topics related to physical activity barriers in men were mellitus, health benefits, university students, stigma, glycemic control, time, and facilitator urban. The present study indicated that there is a need for both individual and institutional studies on physical activity barriers in men. The research results showed that there were still significant gaps in understanding physical activity barriers specific to men. Understanding these gaps is crucial for developing effective interventions, creating targeted health promotion strategies, and informing public health policy. This conclusion suggests that while we have a growing body of research on physical activity barriers in men, there is still much research to be conducted in terms of developing a comprehensive understanding and effective interventions to address these barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is a prevalent cause of shoulder pain and dysfunction. This study investigates the impact of virtual reality (VR) therapy on shoulder function, joint dysfunction, and pain in SIS patients, comparing its effectiveness to traditional rehabilitation methods. Materials and Methods: Over 50 weeks, 288 participants with SIS were recruited and divided into two groups: an experimental group (EG) receiving VR-augmented therapy and a control group (CG) undergoing conventional rehabilitation. Recovery was assessed using the Painful Arch Test and Simple Shoulder Test (SST) at key intervals (T0, T1, T2, and T3). Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate recovery times and functional improvements. Results: The EG showed significantly faster recovery with a mean duration of 6.04 weeks compared to 7.01 weeks for the CG (p = 0.0041), as determined by the Welch Two Sample t-test. The 95% confidence interval (0.3137 to 1.6330) confirmed the reliability of these findings. The VR group demonstrated sustained functional improvements, as evidenced by narrower interquartile ranges and more stable SST scores over time, particularly by Session 18, indicating reduced variability and faster recovery compared to the CG. Conclusion: VR therapy significantly accelerates recovery in SIS patients, offering faster and more consistent outcomes compared to conventional rehabilitation. These findings highlight the potential of VR as a non-invasive and effective treatment for improving shoulder function in SIS. Further research is warranted to explore its long-term efficacy and potential for personalized rehabilitation programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this research was to examine the Love-Hate and Identification Relationship of Individuals Participating in Euroleague Match for Recreational Purposes. The study was conducted using a relational survey methodology. The study's population comprises persons who watching recreational purpose part in the Euroleague match held in Istanbul in 2023–2024 season, while the sample consists of 178 voluntary participants selected through convenience sampling. The participants completed the Fan Love-Hate Scale and Fan Identification Scale, in addition to being asked about their gender, marital status, age, educational status, and frequency of attending football matches per week. The data collected from the personal information form and scales was entered into the IBM SPSS 24.0 software package for analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using the Independent Sample T test and One-way Anova methods. The LSD test was employed to ascertain the dissimilarity between the groups. The Pearson correlation analysis was utilized to ascertain the association between the variables of love-hate and identity. In summary, it is evident that demographic factors, including gender and age, significantly influence fan perceptions and sports identification. In contrast, there is no substantial correlation observed between attributes such as level of education achieved and the frequency of engaging in sports activities, and the aforementioned outcomes. The significant associations identified between the Fan Love-Hate Scale and the Sports Fan Identification Scale underscore the complex relationship between fans' emotional experiences and their connection to sports. Further investigations could be conducted to go deeper into the underlying causes that contribute to these relationships and inequalities, so resulting in a more thorough understanding of fan psychology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Young adulthood is a critical developmental period in which individuals establish life-long health behaviors and take responsibility for their own health care. Health promotion strategies tailored to young adults, leveraging digital tools, and addressing challenges exacerbated by events like the COVID-19 pandemic are needed. The aim of this study was to adapt the post-pandemic health promotion behavior of young adults in the digital age (PS-SGD) scale to the Turkish population in order to assess and compare the health behavior of young adults after the pandemic. Methods: A total of 312 participants, aged between 19 and 29 years, were included in the study via non-probabilistic criterion sampling, while the Turkish adaptation process started with translation and back translation methods performed with three language and two health science experts. For statistical analysis, EFA and CFA were conducted to evaluate internal consistency and structural validity. Confirmatory factor analysis was utilized to confirm the structure of the six sub-dimensions. Additionally, measurement invariance was examined regarding participants' gender to determine if the scale accurately captured similar traits across diverse groups. The relationship between the test–retest data was tested by Pearson correlation to measure consistency and its invariance over time. Results: The gender distribution of the sample was found to be 61.3% female and 38.7% male. According to the results of EFA, items 8 and 18 were removed from the Turkish-adapted version. As a result of the reliability analysis conducted with the Turkish version of the scale, the Cronbach alpha coefficient was obtained as 0.851 for the post-pandemic health promotion behavior. Additionally, the scale was rated as reliable with the following Cronbach alpha values: 0.79 for the "personal hygiene", 0.78 for "dietary habits", 0.72 for "using mobile devices", 0.70 for "emotional health", 0.68 for "health care and physical activity", and 0.51 for "social health" sub-dimensions. To examine the six sub-dimension factor structures of the scale, fit indices were calculated as χ2/df (1.722), GFI (0.894), IFI (0.908), TLI (0.892), CFI (0.907), RMSEA (0.048), and SRMR (0.057) and were within acceptable limits. Findings of the multi-group confirmatory factor analysis for measurement invariance were less than or equal to 0.01 for the ∆CFI and ∆RMSEA values across all indices. Consequently, it was observed that the item–factor structure, factor loadings, variances, covariances, and error variances of the scale were equivalent for both male and female young adults, while test–retest results showed a high positive correlation. Conclusions: The Turkish version of the post-pandemic health promotion behavior scale of young adults in the digital age scale, consisting of 25 items and six subscales, was proven to be a valid and reliable tool to measure health promotion behavior in young adults aged 19–29 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coronavirus epidemic (COVID19) has affected the global economy and the services sector. Quarantine measures related to travel restrictions have led to an unprecedented decline in the tourism industry with repercussions on tourism service providers, transport companies and state budgets. Travel is necessary for tourism, therefore, any factor that prevents travel can have a profound impact on the tourism industry. In the current pandemic context, the forecast in the field of tourist travel has played an important role in supporting the revival of this sector. In this study, econometric and interpretive methods were combined to predict the demand. In this study we approached a prediction model that is based on the seasonal stationary and adjustment of observed and FFT data. Experimental results show that the proposed prediction model has demonstrated a good medium-term forecast and can be used successfully in short and medium periods of time. For a certification of the exploratory evaluation of tourism forecasts there were comparatively analyzed the results obtained for three countries in south-eastern Central Europe, countries with similar natural and anthropic tourist resources (Bulgaria, Croatia and Romania). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the current state of young people's attitude towards the world of finance and their need for financial education. Today, financial education is already practiced in many European countries, but this is not the case in the Republic of Serbia. However, research shows that financial literacy is one of the necessary skills for young people in the 21st century. The research results were presented on a sample of 175 people (exploratory research) aged between 18 and 35 from Serbia. The attitude of the respondents towards finances was presented, their financial habits were examined, and the results were presented using the method of descriptive statistics. Financial literacy plays a crucial role in promoting sustainable development and green finance by empowering individuals to make informed decisions that contribute to economic stability and growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the 90’s, graduates benefited of a high social status and living standards, currently the quality and value of a university degree is uncertain. Since the labour market has diversified significantly, an imbalance occurred between the labour market supply and demand. Therefore universities and faculties should establish a dialogue with the main beneficiaries on the labour market. Over the last years, this field of Physical Education and Sport has diversified considerably, at the same time the labour market demand has needed various other sport-related jobs whereas the Physical Education teacher job is no longer sought-after on the labour market. Consequently the degree programmes offered by faculties should be based on the demand from the labour market.

Part of motor fitness, speed is an extremely important motor skill, which ensures the success and efficiency of the performed activities, being nevertheless dependent on the genetic component. Thus, this skill is difficult to train as compared to other motor skills. The experimental study included 31 girls and 59 boys, first year students at the Faculty of Physical Education and Sport from Galați, who were involved in the practical activities corresponding to the curriculum, comprising 7 subjects per semester and a number of 196 hours during 2015 – 2016 university year. The difference between the averages obtained in the initial and final tests and the statistical processing of these results allowed us to determine both those speed manifestation forms for which progress is achievable and the situations in which the statistically significant progress is limited, regardless of the effort put in the activities and of the diversity of the stimuli used. The practical activities in which students were involved were varied and focused on different types of speed and its combination with other skills, the level of student involvement being high. The fact that the two groups obtained significant progress and similar correlation indices in most tests allowed us to draw some general conclusions. Nonetheless, for the studied groups, there were also some situations in which certain specific features had to be taken into account such as the sex or the level of motor skills, which influenced the final results. Students’ progress in most tests highlight the optimization possibilities of the fitness level regarding speed and its combinations at a biological and chronological age for which the effort potential and the motor performance should be at an extremely high level.

The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of career barriers and presenteeism behaviors of physical education and sports teachers on teacher professionalism through a structural equation model. The hypotheses presented because of the literature review were tested with the fictional model. The sample of the study consists of a total of 411 physical education and sports teachers, who work in Ankara. As data collection tools, the Teachers' Career Barriers Scale, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale and the Teacher Professionalism Scale were used in the research. In the analysis of the data, the theoretically created model was tested through a structural equation model. Considering the findings obtained from the research, it can be stated that the participants are faced with career barriers, that they exhibit their presenteeism behaviors at a reasonable level, and that the professionalism level is above average. On the other hand, it was concluded that male participants encountered more career barriers and displayed more presenteeism behavior, while female participants had a higher professionalism level than that of male participants. In addition, it was determined that administrative barriers affect teacher professionalism, while presenteeism behaviors do not have an impact on professionalism level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study addresses health-associated risks and health indicators required for the framing of Social-Ecological System Health (SESH) in aquaculture food-producing systems. The advantages of using a healthy Social-Ecological System (SES) are highlighted, to aid in the development of a new ecological system fostering the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. The study used statistic modelling of some human infections with Cryptosporidium spp. and Cyclospora spp., used to obtain an estimate of the costs of zoonoses to health systems, and the outcomes of an epidemiological study involving the Eustrongylides spp. in fish. The study indicated that parasitic zoonoses have an important economic impact on health systems, environment and society at large. Holistic approaches to health, addressing all relevant actors are required to mitigate these impacts. To address the risk of eustrongylides and other fish-, and water-borne zoonoses, the development of new social-ecological system health should be constructed. For aquaculture production, such systems must include a biosecurity plan co-developed and negotiated by all relevant stakeholders. While the system's feasibility is yet to be validated, regular revision of such systems' functioning and outputs is an important premise to make them operational. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main aim of the present paper is to observe the application of the assessment system within secondary school education in Romania. The study was conducted between 2015 and 2018, in the rural area, the subjects of the study being 7th and 8th grade pupils. Pupils were tested at the beginning and at the end of the school year by using 4 trials chosen from the National Assessment System. PE lessons were conducted during the school year according to the planning documents approved by the school management. Practical activities were focused on the development of motor skills and the learning of new, basic, applicative skills from different sports. We noticed an inconsistency between the pupils’ performance and their note at the end of each semester. The average performances obtained in the trials were variable depending on the particularities of each one. The average of the results obtained in all 4 trials was equivalent to note between 6 and 6.5. At the end of each semester the pupils obtained the note 10. The obtained performance has a weight of about 60% of the final note obtained by the pupils. Other scoring factors, which do not have a real foundation or an assessment scale, have contributed to this. They are subjective factors used in order to justify the significant difference between the performance and the final note. The current scoring system is not objective and does not reflect pupils’ competencies or their value-based ranking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper presents the theoretical aspects related to the topic of psychomotricity and the way in which it is reflected in the domain-specific literature worldwide. The purpose of the study was to clarify the concepts, to identify specific classifications for the different application areas of psychomotricity, to generalize the components of psychomotricity and to identify evaluation methods for psychomotricity belonging to several domains. The study was carried out with the help of traditional means, in libraries and in the online environment. We accessed international databases that are acknowledged for the field of Sport Science and Physical Education in Romania. These databases are also acknowledged by other related research domains. 637 specialized bibliographic references were identified, out of which 584 online sources. In the present analysis we described the common aspects found in 50 bibliographic sources as well as definitions and concepts about psychomotor activity, stages of motor development and components of psychomotor activity and some psychomotor evaluation methods. The conclusion of the study is that the field of psychomotricity is very wide. The multidimensional approach of this subject is found in various fields of activity such as medicine, psychology, physiology, recreational or educational activities organized within a formal framework. Depending on the particular features of the psychomotor exercises, the educational values take multiple forms. The results in some domains interfere with those in other domains by the way in which the transfer between the motor and the cognitive components, between the physical and the psychological components is performed or vice versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present paper we aimed at presenting the new secondary school curriculum for Physical Education and Sport in Romanian education and the changes proposed by it in relation to the previous curriculum. The new curriculum was developed in 2017 while the previous document regulated PE practical activities since 2009. For this we performed the conceptual comparative analysis of the content elements and of the assessment system. From a conceptual point of view, the general competencies formulated in the new curriculum still focus on using physical exercise as a means of maintaining health. The content elements are mostly represented by specific skills in sports disciplines. The content elements do not have a different connection to conceptual objectives. Content requirements are fully taken from the previous curriculum. The new curriculum proposes a new assessment system. It is based on the testing of general competence and is in line with the conceptual objectives. The new assessment system relies on the previous performance-based assessment system, although performance scales have not been developed. This makes it difficult to apply the new assessment system. The new curriculum proposes as a total novelty element the use of the PE textbook as a support for the theoretical notions that can be found in the practical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In that study, it has been aimed to determine the effect of zinc and CoQ10 supplementation applied with 8- week swimming exercises on AST-ALT metabolism. Our study was conducted on 36 voluntary male athletes aged 18-22 who do physical exercises actively. The participants were divided equally into 4 groups. The groups were constituted in that way: 1st Group: Group which is supplied with zinc (Z), 2nd Group: Group which is supplied with Coenzyme Q10 (Q), 3rd Group: Control Group who does physical exercises (C) and 4th Group: Group which is supplied with Zinc and Coenzyme Q10 (ZQ). At the first week of the study, AST and ALT levels of the participants were measured from the samples which were drawn from the participants at pre-exercise resting period (PRP), post-exercise pre-test fatigue (PTF) and pre-exercise post-test rested (PTR) and post-exercise post-test fatigue (PTF) after 8-week supplementation period. In consequence of the conducted analysis, it was identified that rested AST levels of the group supplied with zinc were higher than their fatigue levels after 8- week supplementation period (p<0.05). As for ALT values of the group supplied with zinc, the post-test fatigue values were found lower than the pre-exercise rested and after 8-week exercise rested values (p<0.05). The post-test fatigue (PTF) values of the control group were determined lower than their post-test rested (PTR) values (p<0.05). It was identified statistically significant differences between not only PostTF and PostTR values but also PostTR and PreTR values of the group supplied with Zinc and Coenzyme Q10 (p<0.05). Consequently, it was confirmed that zinc and CoQ10 supplementation applied with 8-week swimming exercises had influence over the AST and ALT metabolism. It can be said that the antioxidant supplementation makes significant contributions as the AST and ALT metabolism are active. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every day we realise that movement prolongs life for another 5-10 years. Therefore we consider it especially important among students. To see how important sport is for students we have applied a questionnaire by means of which we aimed to highlight the benefits of sport, a useful spending of free time and attitudes that manifest during exercise practicing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research is based on a survey following a questionnaire which had two objectives: the importance of healthy eating in everyday life and the importance of physical education during sports classes in achieving a healthy physical and mental condition. The result of the study is that girls are more award of healthy eating than boys. All students that have been questioned agree that unhealthy food, such as fast-foods, dried food, which they voluntarily eat, is not good for the human body. On the other hand, boys practice sports much more often per week than girls, which is very beneficial. The conclusion of the survey is that students need special education regarding the importance of sports in maintaining their health. Physical education is a relaxing way to spend one's free time and an effective means to obtaining a good physical condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This dissertation is trying to increase awareness regarding the unexploited material resources that the Faculty of Physical Education and Sports owns. In the context of the increased interest in practicing sports, a better utilization would determine significant financial benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aims at studying and predicting the migration process in Romania over the last 20 years and at identifying the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The study analyzes several models for estimating migration through linear regression, but also a VAR (Vector autoregression) analysis, as the variables can influence each other. Vector autoregression (VAR) is also used to model multivariate time series, and it can analyze the dynamics of a migration process. Therefore, the best model for forecasting the migration process in Romania is Model 1 of linear regression. This phenomenon generates many positive and negative economic, demographic and political effects. The migration process has become particularly important for Romania in the last 20 years, and its socio-economic, political and cultural effects affect the Romanian state. That is why flexible policies are needed in order to be coherent, to have as main purpose keeping specialists in the country in certain basic economic fields, as well to implement measures to determine the return of specialists and students who have left to study abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores an important problem in tourism demand analysis, namely, the inherent uncertainty involved in projecting tourism demand. Tourism demand continues to be severely affected by unforeseen events associated with the current global health crisis, which has led to an examination of ways to predict the devastating effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on tourism. Tourism flow forecasting relating to arrivals is of particular importance for tourism and the entire hospitality industry, because it is an indicator of future demand. Thus, it provides fundamental information that can be applied in the planning and development of future strategies. Accurate forecasts of seasonal tourist flows can help decision-makers increase the efficiency of their strategic planning and reduce the risk of decision-making failure. Due to the growing interest in more advanced forecasting methods, we applied the ARMA model method to analyze the evolution of monthly arrival series for Romania in the period from January 2010 to September 2021, in order to ascertain the best statistical forecasting model for arrivals. We conducted this research to find the best method of forecasting tourist demand, and we compared two forecasting models: AR(1)MA(1) and AR(1)MA(2). Our study results show that the superior model for the prediction of tourist demand is AR(1)MA(1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore the perceptions of tourists regarding traveling for recreational or leisure purposes in times of health crisis. All areas of activity have been affected by the pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (associated with a disease called COVID-19), and all countries are experiencing health crises. The tourism industry, together with its associated fields, experienced a decline during this period that is still difficult to assess. This study examined intentions to travel in the current conditions imposed by the health crisis. Various measures have been recommended or imposed by governments to control the spread of COVID-19. Travel has been significantly influenced by such measures. However, people have various travel needs, from shopping to work and leisure to exploration. The data were collected through an online questionnaire survey addressed to the active population in Romania. The application of this questionnaire coincided with the third wave of SARS-CoV-2 infections in Romania. The conditions related to the degree of incidence of infections in the respondents' areas and also the connection between the expression of the intention to travel and the protection conditions in the destination areas were analyzed. The entire study was based on office research, statistical analysis, case study methods, and analysis of empirical data obtained through the survey of the active population in Romania. The results explain the travel tendencies of Romanians in the following period. Fear of infection and perceived risk have significantly influenced travel behaviors, but intentions to travel for recreational or leisure purposes have been maintained. The results of this study could be useful in planning and rethinking the activities of the tourism industry in the coming period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on handball players' performance are focused more on influence of physical, physiological factors and tactical strategies and less on the influence of cognitive, metacognitive and attentional regulation strategies. Performance can be achieved by attentional and emotional regulation alongside cognitive, metacognitive and procedural regulation strategies. This study explores the association between self-regulation strategies, mindfulness practice and performance. The sample consists of 288 Romanian handball players. The participants were 30% male and 70% female, with age between 12.01 and 14 years old, divided in three categories. The quantitative research design is descriptive and transversal. The method was survey based on questionnaires. There were interesting results found in different age categories and different performance levels. The variables (state mindfulness of body, self-monitoring, and self-efficacy) explained 87% of the variance in sports performance, in a hierarchical multiple regression. The research findings indicated that handball players with a high level of acceptance of one's own thoughts and emotions, non-judging present-moment awareness, conscious monitoring the execution of movements, and confidence in their abilities to succeed could have more chances to achieve the desired performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]