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Antiferromagnetic (AF) and ferrimagnetic (FiM) thin films have burgeoning significance in memory and computing applications due to their robustness and ultrafast and energy-efficient switching dynamics. Mn3Ga features a multitude of spin orders that can be meticulously controlled with stoichiometry, temperature, and strain modulations. In this work, we have carefully designed three suitable stacks of Mn3Ga thin films on MgO (111), STO (111) and STO (111)/Ta substrates deposited across varying substrate temperatures up to 500°C. The delicate interplay of strain and temperature tuning is examined by characterizing their magnetic, crystallographic, and morphological properties. The FiM tetragonal τ-Mn3Ga and AF hexagonal ε-Mn3Ga phases display relatively low saturation magnetizations of 10–60 and ≤ 20 kA/m, respectively. No preferential in-plane or out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy is observed for both τ- and ε-Mn3Ga phases. Critically, we observed that the STO strain-regulated τ-phase is stabilized over a wider temperature window and provides more compact, uniformly dispersed grains with average grain size of ~ 100 nm. This work establishes a sturdy methodology in understanding Mn3Ga thin film growth for eventual AF- and FiM-based memory and computing applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To elucidate an etiology in a case with persistent oligohydramnios by prenatal diagnosis and actively treat the case to achieve good prognosis. Methods: We performed whole exome sequencing (WES) of DNA from the fetus and parents. Serial amnioinfusions were conducted until birth. Pressors were required to maintain normal blood pressure. The infant angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) activity, angiotensin II (Ang II, a downstream product of ACE), and compensatory enzymes (CEs) activities were measured. Compensatory enzyme activities in plasma from age‐matched healthy controls were also detected. Results: We identified a fetus with a severe ACE mutation prenatally. The infant was born prematurely without pulmonary dysplasia. Hypotension and anuria resolved spontaneously. He had almost no ACE activity, but his Ang II level and CE activity exceeded the upper limit of the normal range and the upper limit of the 95% confidence interval of controls, respectively. His renal function also largely recovered. Conclusion: Fetuses with ACE mutations can be diagnosed prenatally through WES. Serial amnioinfusion permits the continuation of pregnancy in fetal ACE deficiency. Compensatory enzymes for defective ACE appeared postnatally. Renal function may be spared by preterm delivery; furthermore, for postnatal vasopressor therapy to begin, improving renal perfusion pressure before nephrogenesis has been completed. Key points: What's already known about this topic? Genetic deficiency of angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) causes profound chronic fetal hypotension oligohydramnios and renal failure. The vast majority of cases result in stillbirth or early neonatal death. What does this study add? We identified a fetus with a severe ACE mutation prenatally. He was treated with serial amnioinfusion. Compensatory enzymes (CEs) for defective ACE appeared postnatally. Renal function may be spared by preterm delivery; furthermore, for postnatal vasopressor therapy to begin, improving renal perfusion pressure before nephrogenesis has been completed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic skyrmions have emerged as promising elements for encoding information toward biomimetic computing applications due to their pseudoparticle nature and efficient coupling to spin currents. A key hindrance for skyrmionic devices is their instability against elongation at zero magnetic field (ZF). Prevailing materials approaches focused on tailoring skyrmion energetics have found ZF configurations to be highly sensitive, which imposes significant growth constraints and limits their device scalability. This work demonstrates that designer ZF skyrmion configurations can be robustly stabilized within chiral multilayer stacks by exploiting a duet of interlayer exchange couplings (IECs). Microscopic imaging experiments show that varying the two IECs enables the coarse and fine‐tuning of ZF skyrmion stability and density. Micromagnetic simulations reveal that the duo‐IEC approach is distinguished by its influence on the kinetics of skyrmion nucleation, in addition to the ability to tailor energetics, resulting in a substantially expanded parameter space, and enhanced stability for individual ZF skyrmions. This study underscores the importance of IEC as a means of stabilizing and controlling ZF skyrmions, paving the way to scalable skyrmion‐based devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mn3Ga material is a promising candidate for memory and computing devices owing to its rich crystalline structures of tunable ferrimagnetic and collinear and non-collinear antiferromagnetic phases. In particular, Mn3Ga with non-collinear antiferromagnetic order exhibits giant anomalous and topological Hall conductivities and is a potential material platform for hosting spin-related quantum phenomena. In this study, we demonstrate Mn3Ga films grown on thermally oxidized Si substrates, with and without the Ta buffer, under different deposition temperatures (Ts). With increasing Ts, the dominant crystalline structure across all Mn3Ga films evolves from a cubic to hybrid tetragonal and hexagonal texture, wherein the crystalline orientation of spins endows the films with in-plane magnetic anisotropy. For Ta/Mn3Ga and Mn3Ga films grown under high Ts, the inhomogeneity in surface energy of the buffer layer results in a non-uniform granular film in the former. Notably, the Mn3Ga films of hexagonal texture exhibit topological Hall signatures. The density functional theory calculations on the hexagonal Mn3Ga phase corroborated with the experimental magnetic, structural, and transport properties. These findings establish an important platform for tailoring Mn3Ga films toward multifunctional applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The light pathways are segregated into rod and cone pathways in which rods synapse with rod bipolar cells (RBCs), while cones contact cone bipolar cells (CBCs). However, previous studies found that cones can make synapse with RBCs (cone–RBC synapses) and rods can contact OFF CBC in primate and rabbit retinas. Recently, such cone–RBC synapses have been reported physiologically and morphologically in the mouse retina. Nevertheless, the precise subcellular evidence to determine whether it is the invaginating synapse or the flat contact remains absent. This is due to a lack of immunochemically verified ultrastructural data. Here, we investigated the precise expression of protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) using pre‐embedding immunoelectron microscopy (immuno‐EM) with a monoclonal antibody against PKCα, a biomarker for the RBCs. We determined the nanoscale localization of PKCα in the outer plexiform layer of the mouse and guinea pig retinas. Our results demonstrate the existence of both the direct invaginating synapse and the basal/flat contact of the cone–RBCs, providing for the first time immunochemically verified ultrastructural evidence for the cone–RBC synapse in the mouse and guinea pig retinas. These results suggest that the cross talk between cone and rod pathways is much more extensive than previously assumed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate ultra-short-term wind speed forecasting is great significance to ensure large scale integration of wind power into the power grid, but the randomness, instability, and non-linear nature of wind speed make it very difficult to be predicted accurately. To solve this problem, shifted window stationary attention transformer (SWSA transformer) is proposed based on a global attention mechanism for ultra-short-term forecasting of wind speed. SWSA transformer can sufficiently extract these complicated features of wind speed to improve the prediction accuracy of wind speed. First, positional embedding and temporal embedding are added at the bottom of the proposed method structure to mark wind speed series, which enables complicated global features of wind speed to be more effectively extracted by attention. Second, a shifted window is utilized to enhance the ability of attention to capture features from the edge sequences. Third, a stationary attention mechanism is applied to not only extract features of wind speed but also optimize the encoder-decoder network for smoothing wind speed sequences. Finally, the predicted values of wind speed are obtained using the calculation in the decoder network. To verify the proposed method, tests are performed utilizing data from an real offshore wind farm. The results show that the proposed method outperforms many popular models evaluated by many indexes including gated recurrent unit, Gaussian process regression, long-short term memory, shared weight long short-term memory network, and shared weight long short-term memory network -Gaussian process regression, in terms of mean absolute error, mean square error (MSE), root mean square error, mean absolute percentage error, mean square percentage error, and coefficient of determination (R2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

α‐Synuclein (α‐Syn) is enriched in presynaptic terminals of the central nervous system including the retina and plays a role in the synaptic vesicle cycle and synaptic transmission. Abnormal aggregation of α‐Syn is considered to be the main component of the Lewy bodies that are the pathological hallmarks of Parkinson's disease. Although expression pattern of α‐Syn has been described in the retinas, its precise cellular and subcellular locations are poorly understood. We investigated the precise expression of α‐Syn using light microscopy (LM) and electron microscopy (EM) with antibodies against α‐Syn in the mouse retina. We found that the majority of α‐Syn immunoreactivity (IR) is located in GABAergic, glycinergic, and dopaminergic amacrine cells, and their processes often make a direct synapse to other labeled or unlabeled amacrine profiles, bipolar cell terminals, or ganglion cell dendrites. Further, our LM and immuno‐EM results confirm the absence of α‐Syn in excitatory photoreceptors, bipolar cell bodies, and their ribbon synapses, providing evidence, for the first time, that ribbon synapses do not express α‐Syn. Additionally, α‐Syn IR is located in the ganglion cells, some of which are intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells. These results reveal a previously unappreciated inhibitory synapse‐specific expression pattern of α‐Syn in the retina, suggesting that α‐Syn may play a distinct role in the modulation and integration of inhibitory synaptic transmission in the retina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Missing data recovery plays a critical role in improving the data quality of wind speed in wind farms, and numerous methods have been proposed to address this issue. However, most of them suffer from the inability to fully use the information of known data, and thus, poor performance of recovery is usually achieved. In this paper, we propose a missing data recovery method based on spatial-temporal tensor decomposition. The proposed method rearranges the whole data based on discrete wavelet transform to construct a four-dimensional tensor of "site × week × scale × hour" for representing the spatial and temporal correlation of wind speed. A completeness tensor is estimated to impute missing data based on Tucker decomposition and the nonlinear conjugate gradient algorithm. The proposed method not only inherits the advantages of imputation methods based on the matrix pattern but also well mines the spatial and temporal inherent correlation of wind speed. Wind speed data of a wind farm are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method recovers missing data with much smaller mean absolute error and root mean square error and requires less effort for recovering missing data of fragmented or continuously, compared with the traditional methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impacts of greenery systems (GSs) on microclimate conditions and building energy performance have been frequently investigated using experiments and simulations during the past decades, especially in summer and winter. However, few studies have focused on the performance of GSs in transition seasons. The ambient weather conditions vary with great fluctuations during transition seasons, which may result in severe oscillations in indoor environments. To investigate the impacts of GSs on indoor environments, an experiment was conducted using a contrastive test platform, which consisted of two experimental rooms, one equipped with a GS and the other without, from 1 April 2019 to 31 May 2019 in Hunan, China. Both rooms were free-running. The experimental results showed that the GS had the ability to reduce the oscillations in the indoor environment. The oscillations in indoor dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and relative humidity (RH) were reduced by 39.3% and 28.8%, respectively. The maximum daily DBT and RH ranges were, respectively, cut down by 3.5 °C and 12.4%. The maximum reductions in external and internal surface temperatures were 29.5 °C and 9.4 °C, respectively, for the GS, while the average reductions were 1.6~4.1 °C and 0.2~1.3 °C, respectively, depending on the orientation of the surfaces. The operative temperature (OT) during the daytime on sunny days was also lowered by the GS. The differences in OT between the two rooms ranged from −1.8 °C to 8.2 °C, with an average of 1.0 °C. The GS can improve the indoor thermal comfort during transition seasons. The thermal dissatisfaction was decreased by 7.9%. This lengthened the thermal comfort time by 15% across the whole day and by 28% during the daytime. This indicates reductions in air-conditioning system operating times, leading to energy savings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic skyrmions are topologically wound nanoscale textures of spins whose ambient stability and electrical manipulation in multilayer films have led to an explosion of research activities. While past efforts focused predominantly on isolated skyrmions, recently ensembles of chiral spin textures, consisting of skyrmions and magnetic stripes, are shown to possess rich interactions with potential for device applications. However, several fundamental aspects of chiral spin texture phenomenology remain to be elucidated, including their domain wall (DW) structure, thermodynamic stability, and morphological transitions. Here the evolution of these textural characteristics are unveiled on a tunable multilayer platform—wherein chiral interactions governing spin texture energetics can be widely varied—using a combination of full‐field electron and soft X‐ray microscopies with numerical simulations. With increasing chiral interactions, the emergence of Néel helicity, followed by a marked reduction in domain compressibility, and finally a transformation in the skyrmion formation mechanism are demonstrated. Together with an analytical model, these experiments establish a comprehensive microscopic framework for investigating and tailoring chiral spin texture character in multilayer films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring effective logistics machinery and equipment fault diagnosis and prediction technology to achieve efficient and stable operation of logistics machinery and equipment. In this paper, starting from the logistics machinery and equipment fault diagnosis technology, we optimize the hyperparameters of the recurrent gate unit neural network by using the improved second-order oscillatory particle swarm algorithm and then construct the IPSO-GRU logistics machinery and equipment fault prediction model. The IPSO-GRU model is used to test the prediction effect of the hydraulic lift table and logistics hoist by using the historical data of the hydraulic lift table as training data. The prediction accuracy of the IPSO-GRU model was improved by 6% compared with BP neural network. From the prediction results of the logistic hoist, only 6 out of 250 data samples failed to achieve accurate prediction. This shows that the IPSO-GRU model can effectively achieve the prediction of logistics machinery and equipment fault diagnosis and also provides a proven method for predictive maintenance of logistics equipment.

In this paper, the overall architecture design of the platform is proposed, and the data architecture and business architecture of the platform are discussed. On this basis, the logistics path planning method of digital collaboration is proposed, including the aspects of path demand splitting and distribution vehicle spatio-temporal network, and the demand splittable logistics path planning model is considered. Finally, the simulation of the workshop logistics dynamic scheduling example is designed, and the dynamic scheduling optimization results are analyzed and verified. The results show that: through optimization, its time penalty cost f1 = 801.38, the total distance traveled by the delivery trolley f2 = 1709m, and the total distance of empty load is 692.15 m, and the dispatching scheme increases the distance of empty load by 59 m . The research results of this paper can provide a reference for digital management and collaboration platform for civil aircraft manufacturing enterprises and provide a reference for research in related fields.

The Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin (TRPM) protein family members have been demonstrated to be involved in a variety of different types of human cancer. However, to the best of our knowledge, there has not yet been a systematic study regarding the mRNA expression of the TRPM protein family or its prognostic value in human cancer. The present study investigated TRPM expression and its prognostic value in various human cancer types via the Oncomine database, Kaplan-Meier plotter, and the PrognoScan and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis databases. It was revealed that the transcriptional levels of TRPM1, TRPM3 and TRPM6 were decreased in the majority of cancer tissues, while TRPM2 was increased in most cancer types. In addition, the high or low transcriptional levels of the TRPM protein family members were associated with survival outcomes of different types of solid tumors. The present study suggested that certain TRPM protein family members may serve as useful biomarkers for cancer prognosis and anticancer targets for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have used the method of anomalous Hall effect (AHE) to characterize magnetic thin film structures consisting of both perpendicular (normal-to-plane) and longitudinal (in-plane) anisotropies. AHE enables the simultaneous extraction of the perpendicular and in-plane magnetizations. The method is used to obtain the hysteresis loops and study the switching behavior of [Co/Pd] multilayers coupled to different seed layers. Results show that Cu seed layer helps to reduce the switching field distribution (SFD) and increase the coercivity while Co underlayer with an in-plane anisotropy helps to reduce the coercivity and increase the SFD. Furthermore, the magnetization in the Co in-plane layer is found to be pointing out of plane possibly due to exchange coupling with the [Co/Pd] multilayers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current generation of cobalt-oxide-based perpendicular magnetic recording media uses single or dual ruthenium intermediate layers in order to grow crystallographically textured, and magnetically isolated granular media. In this work, the potential advantages of an antiferromagnetic iridium-manganese intermediate layer directly under the recording layer are highlighted. Owing to its close lattice matching with hexagonal cobalt, iridium-manganese which has the L12, or AuCu3-type crystal structure, can support the heteroepitaxial growth of the cobalt-based recording layer. In one of the media schemes described here, (111) textured iridium-manganese thin film was grown on 7.5 nm thick ruthenium layer. On the iridium-manganese as segregation layer, the Co-oxide-based magnetic recording layer showed perpendicular texture with Δθ50 below 4°, coercivity of over 4000 Oe alongside magnetic exchange decoupling, average grain sizes of 6 nm with distributions under 14%, and improved thermal stability. Measurements of the anisotropy constant did not show any significant change and even an IrMn capping layer was observed to improve the thermal stability. The possible mechanisms through which the IrMn layer could affect the thermal stability are hypothesized. The initial layers of the magnetic recording layer on IrMn segregation layers also showed exchange-decoupled and segregated grains, which is unlike that observed on Ru segregation layers. In a second media scheme, (111) textured iridium-manganese thin film was grown on a crystalline soft magnetic underlayer belonging on top of amorphous soft underlayers. In this scheme, partial pinning of the soft underlayer due to exchange-bias interaction with the IrMn layer was observed. This scheme offers the possibility to reduce the intermediate layer thickness, thus improve media writability, and with further optimization, could potentially facilitate the approach toward 1 Tbits/in.2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dedicated servo media (DSM) is the conventional perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) media with an inserted servo recording layer between the data recording layer and the soft underlayer. By using the conventional PMR media as the reference, the design consideration on the layer structure, the preparation, the magnetic properties, the microstructure, including the $c$ -axis orientation and the growth of the layers, the surface roughness, and the recording performance for the DSM are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perpendicular magnetic recording (PMR) in hard disk drives is approaching its physical limitation. The emerging technologies, such as heat assisted magnetic recording and microwave assisted magnetic recording have been proposed to record on magnetic media with thermally stable smaller size grains at higher areal density (AD). However, in the media fabrication, achieving well-isolated small size of grains is more challenging than obtaining high Ku material as recording media. Reducing the number of grains per bit is a major path for keeping AD growth of PMR in recent years. To minimize the SNR penalty at a smaller grain number per bit, pushing more on track density is the right approach. With the 2-D magnetic recording (TDMR) readers for inter-track interference cancellation, the off-track read capability is improved significantly for allowing a narrower track read. In the drive working environment, when the external vibration or other mechanical disturbance happens during the writing process, it creates more track squeeze at adjacent tracks and leaves a very narrow track at some locations of the track. When the track width is narrower than the squeeze to death width in the 747 curve, it causes hard failure in the channel. To solve the track squeeze problem, this paper proposes to add an additional magnetic recording layer in between the data recording layer and the soft underlayer of conventional PMR media. This additional recording layer is used to record servo information only. The continuous positioning error signal is able to improve the servo performance and to provide the real-time monitoring of the positioning error. When it is under bad servo conditions, the writing process can be stopped to avoid nontolerable track squeeze. The continuous servo signals are designed to be of moderate intensity at very low frequency, and its impact on data signal has been minimized. The linear density gap between the dedicated servo media and the conventional PMR media is able to be controlled within 3%. As the dedicated servo system keeps only around 100 wedges of track ID and sector ID at the data layer, the surface area saving at the data layer can break even in capacity. The dedicated servo technology together with TDMR readers is the key technology to achieve ultrahigh track density during both writing and reading processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]