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Haberli Júnior, C., Spers, E. E., Oliveira, T., & Yanaze, M. (2020). Brazilian farmer perception of dynamic capability and performance over the adoption of enterprise resource planning technology. International Food and Agribusiness Management Review, 23(4), 515-528. https://doi.org/10.22434/IFAMR2020.0029 The study investigates the perceptions of the effects and impacts on the performance of agricultural and livestock farms based on the view of obtaining dynamic capabilities by the adoption of enterprise resource planning (ERP) technology. The dimensions for measuring farmers’ perceptions of ERP adoption were technological, organizational and environmental and their diffusion and the impacts measured on dynamic capabilities were on internal operations, costs, sales and natural resources. A total of 502 farmers directly involved in managing the production, located in the main agricultural areas of Brazil were interviewed. The results indicated that the perception of obtaining dynamic capabilities in the farms by adopting the ERP was significant, but with lower levels in costs and natural resources. The influence of farm size on ERP adoption and its perception on farm performance was not significant. The proposed model proved to be adequate and can be validated and compared with other producing regions. publishersversion published

Resumo: Este ar? go a presenta um modelo de Observatório para as Ins? tuições de Ciência e Tecnologia (ICTs ), que atuam junto às cadeias agropecuárias. O obje? vo é u? lizar um processo sistemá? co para vislumbrar a médio e longo prazo, o futuro da ciência e da tecnologia, iden?fi cando áreas estratégias de pesquisa e de tecnologias emergentes que se relacionam a bene? cios econômicos e sociais. A principal forma de atuação do modelo proposto é a interação entre os pesquisadores e os atores da cadeia. O modelo foi avaliado e aprovado por 96,7%dos par? cipantes da pesquisa. Abstract: This ar? cle presents a model of an Observatory for Science and Technology Ins? tu? ons (ICT?s ), which work together with the agricultural chains. The objec? ve is to use a systema? c process to antecipate the future of science and technology in the medium and long term, iden? fying areas of research strategies and emerging technologies that relate to economic and social benefi ts. The main form of ac? on of the proposed model is the interac? on between researchers and actors in the chain. The model was evaluated and approved by 96.7% of the study par? cipants. Résumé: Cet ar? cle présente un modèle d?Observatoire pour les Ins? tu? ons Scien?fi ques et Technologiques (ICT?s ), qui coopère avec les chaînes agricoles. L?objec? f est d?u? liser un processus systéma? que pour an? ciper l?avenir de la science et de la technologie à moyen et à long terme, en iden?fi ant les domaines de stratégies de recherche et les technologies émergentes qui concernent les avantages économiques et sociaux. La forme d?ac? on principale du modèle proposé est l?interac? on entre les chercheurs et les acteurs de la chaîne. Le modèle a été évalué et approuvé par 96,7% des par? cipants à l?étude. Resumen: Este ar? culo presenta un modelo de Observatorio para Ins? tuciones de Ciencia y Tecnología (ICTs), que actúan junto a cadenas agropecuarias. El obje? vo es el uso de un proceso sistemá? co para la búsqueda de un medio y largo plazo, el futuro de la ciencia y la tecnología, iden?fi cando las áreas de inves? gación y de tecnologías emergentes que se relacionan con los benefi cios económicos y sociales. Una forma principal de actuación del modelo propuesto es una interrelación entre los inves? gadores y los atores de la cadena. O modelo fue aprobado y aprobado por 96,7% dos par? cipantes de la inves? gación. Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-16T00:49:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 final8734.pdf: 497244 bytes, checksum: 0a5113b7bfa97924a73ac279c33be122 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-15

O Smart Farming (SF) é um novo conjunto de tecnologias que podem ser usadas para melhorar a tomada de decisões e a automação em atividades agrícolas. Para isso, alguns agricultores começaram a utilizar a Internet das Coisas (IoT), que é uma tecnologia que permite que os objetos sejam detectados ou controlados remotamente em infraestruturas de rede existentes. Esse processo tende a criar oportunidades para uma integração mais direta do mundo físico com sistemas baseados em computador, gerando maior eficiência, precisão e benefícios econômicos para os usuários de SF. Além das novas áreas como IoT, Computação em Nuvem, Cognitive Computing e Big Data, dois campos contribuíram para o desenvolvimento de SF: Agricultura de Precisão (AP) e Tecnologia da Informação (TI).A presente tese analisou o processo de inovação no contexto da SF, desde a produção de conhecimento científico até a fase de difusão dessas tecnologias na agricultura, sendo que, o objeto de estudo contemplou as propriedades rurais de grãos. A discussão e análise realizadas no trabalho têm como base teórica o aporte da economia evolucionária e o paradigma tecnoeconômico usado para analisar revoluções tecnológicas. O trabalho consistiu de três etapas metodológicas distintas A primeira, de caráter exploratório, foi realizada por meio de entrevistas com especialistas de diferentes áreas, visando melhor compreender o tema estudado. Na segunda etapa, realizou-se um levantamento na literatura científica acerca do tema. De posse dessas informações, operacionalizou-se uma pesquisa empírica para analisar a adoção dessas tecnologias no ambiente real. Para isso, foram aplicados 119 questionários com produtores de grãos da região Sul do Brasil (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul), sendo adotada amostragem estratificada, pois foram considerados produtores cujas propriedades produzissem 50% ou mais da receita bruta em grãos.Com base nos resultados, foi possível inferir que as tecnologias de SF encontram-se no processo de gestação e emergência. Observou-se um intenso desenvolvimento científico em tecnologias como IoT e ambientes inteligentes, bem como um forte efeito de "spillover" de outras indústrias para a agricultura. Entretanto, espera-se que nos próximos anos, o número de inovações disponíveis ao mercado na área de SF cresça. Os principais fatores de adoção de SF observados no trabalho foram: a) aumento de produtividade, b) melhor qualidade de processo, c) redução de custos, e d) maior conhecimento de áreas cultivadas. Da mesma forma, alguns fatores aumentaram a adoção de tecnologias em diferentes intensidades e maneiras. A educação teve o efeito significativo e positivo na adoção de tecnologias georeferenciadas de amostragem de solo A adoção do piloto de pulverização do piloto automático e softwares de gerenciamento teve influência positiva do tamanho da área. Os resultados da tese sinalizaram que um maior grau de escolaridade, tende a aumentar probabilidade de adoção dessas tecnologias. As principais barreiras que atrasam a entrada dos produtores de grãos na SF foram: a) o preço dos equipamentos, b) baixa qualificação do trabalho rural c) a precariedade do acesso à Internet nas regiões rurais brasileiras, e d) necessidade de inserir muitos dados e informações em software. Verificou-se assim que as máquinas empregadas nos sistemas produtivos de grãos estão passando pelo processo de digitalização, especialmente pelo aumento da disponibilidade de equipamentos com sensores e processos automatizados. No entanto, na percepção do produtor rural, grande número de técnicos e consultores ainda não está adaptado ao novo contexto da agricultura. Com isso, permanece o questionamento acerca da capacidade do produtor e dos consultores técnicos de acompanhar e aproveitar o potencial das tecnologias de SF na tomada de decisão na propriedade rural. Os resultados desse trabalho, inéditos no contexto brasileiro, avançam no sentido de compreender a difusão da SF no contexto brasileiro. Smart Farming (SF) is a modern set technologies that can be used to improve decision making and automation throughout agricultural activities. To accomplish this, some farmers are using the Internet of Things (IoT), which is new technology that allows objects to be sensed or controlled remotely across existing network infrastructures. Further, it can create opportunities for more direct integration of the physical world into computer-based systems, which can result in improved efficiency, accuracy, and economic benefits for SF users. Besides the new areas such as IoT, Cloud Computing, Cognitive Computing and Big Data, two fields have contributed to the development of SF: Precision Agriculture (PA) and Information Technology (IT). The present study analyzed SF’s innovative processes, beginning with the production of scientific knowledge through to SF’s final diffusion of these technologies into agriculture. The discussion and analysis are based on the theoretical contributions of the evolutionary economy and the techno-economic paradigms and were used to analyze technological revolutions. The work consisted of three distinct methodological steps First, to better understand the subject being studied, interviews were conducted with researchers and market professionals, from different areas, such as agriculture, electronics engineering and mechanization. During the second stage, text mining was used to analyze scientific literature on SF. In the third step an empirical research was carried out to analyze the adoption of SF technologies in real environment. To operationalize this step, a questionnaire was sent to grain farmers from the southern region of Brazil, which included Paraná, Santa Catarina, and Rio Grande do Sul. Since these grain' farmers produced 50% or more of the gross revenue in grains were included in the database. After the surveys were completed, the empirical data was used to analyze the adoption of these technologies. Based on the results, it was possible to infer that SF technologies are in the process of gestation and emergence. There has been intense scientific development in technologies, such as IoT and smart environments. Additionally, there has been a strong spillover effect from industries to agriculture. Because of this, it is expected that the number of SF innovations available to the market will grow over the next several years The study indicated main factors that a farmer chose to adopt SF were: potential increase in productivity, better process quality, cost reduction, and a greater knowledge of cultivated areas. Additionally, adding in these factors, education had the positive effect on the adoption of georeferenced soil sampling. The adoption of an autopilot spray pilot and management software was positively influenced by the size of the area. The results of the study have indicated that a higher level of schooling tends to increase the probability of adopting these technologies. It was also found that high equipment costs, the low qualification of rural workers, the precariousness of Internet access in Brazilian rural regions, and the need to insert a lot of data and information in specific programs available to take advantage of SF technologies are the main barriers faced by grain producers, which contribute to their delay in implementing SF technologies. Additionally, it has been verified that the machines used in the grain production systems are becoming digitalized—the availability of equipment with sensors and automated processes are rapidly increasing. However, from the famers’ perception, many technicians and consultants, such as agronomists and agricultural engineers, have not yet adapted to the new context of agriculture, with growing implementation of SF technologies amongst farmers. Thus, the question remains whether farmers and technical consultants can take advantage of available SF technologies and, if so, whether they can use these technologies to help them make decisions and monitor their farming practices. The results of this research can be used to further understand how SF technologies are being used among Brazilian grain producers.

Os sistemas integrados de produção agrícola e pecuária são caracterizados como sistemas planejados para explorar sinergismos e propriedades emergentes, resultado de interações entre os diferentes compartimentos solo-plantaanimal- atmosfera, que se integram em diferentes escalas espaço-temporais. Nesta revisão é apresentado um panorama da evolução das pesquisas embasadas em uma produção integrada entre os diferentes compartimentos. Considerou-se o período até 2013 e palavras-chave como fator de busca, sendo construída uma base de dados, partindo de um universo de 450 artigos em 93 periódicos nacionais e internacionais. Estes artigos foram classificados de acordo com a região de origem do Brasil: subtropical ou tropical; e categorizados quanto aos componentes: solo, planta, animal e outros. Dentro desses componentes foram elencados grupos de variáveis que caracterizassem diferentes linhas temáticas. As publicações no mundo têm aumentado e o Brasil está entre os principais provedores de trabalhos científicos nessa área. Embora seja crescente o número de trabalhos científicos no Brasil, que buscam melhor compreensão dos sistemas integrados de produção agrícola e pecuária, as pesquisas com visão sistêmica e de maior escala temporal e espacial ainda necessitam de mais estudos, para que possam detectar interações entre os diversos fatores bióticos e abióticos e novas propriedades que emergem destes sistemas. Integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) are designed to exploit synergisms and emergent properties resulting from interactions between different soil-plant-animal-atmosphere compartments that integrate themselves at different spatial-temporal scales. In this review, a panorama of the evolution of studies based on ICLS is presented. Specific keywords were used as search terms to construct a database of 450 articles from 93 national and international journals published up to and including 2013. These articles were classified according to the region of origin within Brazil (subtropical or tropical) and categorized regarding the studied components: soil, plant, animal and ‘others’. Within these components, groups of variables that could characterize the different thematic lines were listed. The number of publications worldwide has been increasing, and Brazil is one of the main suppliers of scientific work within this area. Although the number of scientific studies seeking better understanding of ICLS may have increased in Brazil, further studies with a systematic view and with larger temporal and spatial scales are still required to help identify interactions between diverse biotic and abiotic factors that define new properties that emerge from these systems.

The focus of agricultural technology studies in Brazil has been on technology diffusion or adoption. This approach stresses the neutrality of technology and its adoption depends on farmers' psychological and individual values. The agricultural technology generation process and the organisations in which technology is generated have not been considered as active factors. This thesis regards both as highly significant in farmers' adoption or rejection of technology. Approaches to development, modernisation and underdevelopment, along with agricultural globalisation, are the applied theoretical perspectives used to understand what happens in the underdeveloped countries in an integrated world system. This is an ex-post facto and cross-sectional study. The empirical data, based on a case study, was collected in Brazil, in and around the Brazilian Agricultural Research Organisation (EMBRAPA), a topdown state-owned organisation. Agricultural technology generation, its adoption, as well as the attitudes of users, clients, policy-makers, politicians and unions to the agricultural technology generation process were investigated. The fieldwork was conducted with eighty-seven agricultural researchers from four national agricultural research centres, one hundred and forty-four farmers, and eighty individuals and organisations' representatives. Qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated that the agricultural technology generation process is related more to scientific issues than to farmers' demands. The technology adopted by farmers was determined primarily by developments within the process of technology generation rather than through any persuasion. The thesis concludes that as a result of the process of technology generation in EMBRAP A, organised and capitalist farmers have been targeted rather than small or subsistence farmers. Therefore, the new farm as a whole research model is recommended, which explores the whole production system rather than specific agricultural products. Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-31T00:44:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TheprocessofagriculturaltechnologygenerationinBrazilasocialaudit.pdf: 20221427 bytes, checksum: 9801b82e948f6b29b9e5281d4a60d308 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1997-12-02 Dissertation (Doctor in Philosophy)- School of Social Sciences, University of Sussex. Tese de doutorado.

45 páginas Documento en inglés con textos en alemán Agroforestry is recognized as one of the major objectives In CATIE's new planning and organlzational structure. The Project's general objective (development and dissemination of agroforestry production systems for small farmers in the Central American Isthmus) is in complete accordance with the strategic plan of its main counterpart organization. Collection, evaluation and documentation of bio-physical, socio-cultural and economic data of about 60 on-farm experiments in four project locations of Costa Rica and Panama are going on. Progress results demonstrate that the objectives can be reached. Needs and opportunities of the target group's individuals had been discussed initially with selected farmers; nine research topics were chosen for on-farm trials (including timber trees and leguminous trees in cocoa plantations, trees as living supports for black pepper, timber trees in farm boundaries, forestry plantations using modified Taungya). In Puriscal (Costa Rica) component. Extension work at both the community and the farmers level is aimed at providing a basis for future development of models for extension by local and/or national organizations. First measures have been taken to transfer the Project's methods of technology generation, validation and dissemination to three other countries of Central America.

45 páginas Contiene 17 referencias en la página 44-45 The aim of this paper is to cast some light onto the nature of intervention processes. In particular, the article wishes to counter the view -popular in much of the literature on rural development- that there exists a implementation and outcomes. It is argued that this is a gross simplification since intervention necessarily comprises the struggles, negotiations and accomodations faced by all actor s involved in the process.