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Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most commom cancer in the world. If remain untreated for several years, it may be fatal. Hence, it is important to prevent and treat OSCC at an early stage. In this study the effect of aqueous and dry leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum was observed on Ca9-22 cell line, which is an OSCC cell line. For this, Ca9-22 cell line was cultured and maintained. After 24 h, the cells were treated with aqueous and dry leaves extract of Ocimum sanctum plant. Viability of the cancerous cells were studied by 3-(4, 5-dimethythiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and neutral red uptake (NRU) assay. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC), lethal concentration25 (LC25), lethal concentration50 (LC50) and highest permissive concentration (HPC) was calculated by probit computational method. Experimentally, the MIC value was 5 mg/L, whereas the HPC was 30 mg/L of the plant extract in aqueous state. For the dry extract the MIC was 5 mg/L whereas the HPC was 35 mg/L for both MTT and NRU assays. For MTT assay LC values: 7.41 (LC25), 14.79 (LC50) and 26.91 mg/L (LC75) for aqueous extract and 12.58 (LC25), 20.89 (LC50), 29.51 mg/L (LC75) for dry extract. For NRU assay LC values were 10.23 (LC25), 14.79 (LC50) and 20.89 mg/L (LC75) aqueous extract, and 16.59 (LC25), 23.44 (LC50), 30.19 mg/L (LC75) dry extract of the plant. From the above study it was concluded that, Ocimum sanctum have anti-cancerous activity. It can further be used for therapeutic purposes.

Aim: This study aims to examine the toxicity of collagen extracted from gouramy fish scales (Oshpronemus gouramy) by evaluating its viability against baby hamster kidney fibroblasts-21. Materials and Methods: Collagen was extracted from gouramy fish scales (O. gouramy) with 6% acetic acid. Its results were analyzed using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and freeze-dried technique. Its morphology then was analyzed with scanning electron microscope. Afterward, 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)2.5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay was conducted to compare cells with and without fish scale collagen treatment. Results: Collagen extracted from gouramy fish scales had no influence statistically on cultured fibroblast cells with a statistical significance (2-tailed) value of 0.754 (p>00025). Conclusion: Collagen extracted from gouramy fish scales has high viability against BHK21 fibroblast cells.

Background/purposeIt has been confirmed that polyphenolic compounds present in food have various pharmaceutical functions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate citrus polyphenol (CP) for dental applications. The culture medium with CP was developed to inhibit the proliferation of oral cancer cells. CP could be used as a supplemental compound for topical application for oral cancer patients.MethodsIn this study, the metabolic activity and cell toxicity of CP (at concentrations of 1%, 0.1%, and 0.01%) for oral and cervical cancer cells were investigated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and lactate dehydrogenase assays (n = 6). Furthermore, the effects of CP on motilities of oral and cervical cancer cells were also evaluated using a scratch assay model.ResultsWe found that the growth of Ca9-22 and HeLa cells on tissue culture polystyrene was greatly inhibited when 1% CP was added to the medium. In addition, significant differences (p

Astragalus L. is the largest genus in the family Leguminosae with over 3000 species and is represented in Turkey by 445 species, of which 224 are endemic. Several Astragalus species have many biological properties such as hepatoprotective, immunostimulant, antiviral, anti-aging, antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antileshmanial, antiperspirant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and tonic. The aim of this research was the investigation of the cytotoxic activities of extracts obtained from underground and aerial parts of Astragalus argaeus Boiss. on a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7). The cytotoxic effects of extracts on MCF-7 (human breast cancer cell lines) and fibroblast cells during 24 and 48 h were determined by 3-(4,5-dimethyl thiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphynyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The extracts showed weak cytotoxic activity on MCF-7 during 24 h. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report on cytotoxic activity of A. argaeus.

Benzofuranones and nitrogen mustards have reported alkylating properties, this work is aimed to synthesize some benzofuranones fused with nitrogen mustards. Substituted benzofuranones were synthesized by condensation of 2-hydroxy benzaldehydes and substituted 2-hydroxy acetophenones and further fused with nitrogen mustards gave high yields of target compounds 2-(2-(2-(Bis(2chloroethyl)amino)ethoxy)benzylidene)benzofuran-3(2H)-one derivatives. The synthesized compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR and LCMS spectral studies. Further, the synthesized compounds were subjected to 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay on A-549 and MCF-7 cell lines for its in-vitro cytotoxic activity. All the synthesized compounds showed promising cytotoxic activity in which AN-O-04 showed minimum CTC-50 proving its cytotoxic efficacy.

IC50 for nine cancer cell lines was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays. In KM mice bearing sarcoma S180 that was treated with subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of antibiotic BS, marked cures were obtained. In terms of tumor weight, the treated/control = 0.43. The conclusion is that BS merit further investigation as a potential anti-cancer candidate drug.Key word: Antibiotic, Bacillus subtilis, in vivo, in vitro, antitumor.

Objective: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the biocompatibility of glass ionomer cements (GICs) with and without chlorhexidine (CHX) as well as coated with varnish or not using in vitro cytotoxicity test. Materials and Methods: Biocompatibility of Fuji IX, Fuji IX with varnish, Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate and Fuji IX with 1% CHX diacetate with varnish was determined with in vitro cytotoxicity assay by using L929 mouse connective tissue fibroblasts. After 72 h, cell viabilities were evaluated by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] assay to determine the effects of the cements on the mitochondrial function and microscopic images were taken by scanning electron microscopy. Results: Statistical analysis was performed by one-way analysis of variance followed by the Bonferroni post-hoc test at a significance level of P < 0.05. 72 h after treatment, there were statistically significant differences between Fuji IX and Fuji IX-CHX (p < 0.001). In addition, the reduction of the cytotoxicity by coating the GICs with varnish was indicative and increased the cell viability ratio (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Fuji IX coated with varnish was found to be the most biocompatible one among others. Thus adding CHX significantly reduced the cell viability, it is assumed that, due to the leakage of CHX and the other components of the GICs to the cell culture medium, the cell viabilities were decreased, so it is highly recommended to use varnish not only to reduce the water loss from the GICs, but also to reduce the cytotoxicity of the GICs.

WOS: 000325843200003, Background/purpose: Several all-ceramic materials have been developed to meet the most challenging requirements in restorative dentistry. However, only limited reports have focused on the issue of biocompatibility of all-ceramics. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different types of all-ceramic substructural materials to determine their biological performance under experimental conditions. Materials and methods: We tested six all-ceramic systems [glass-infiltrated alumina-reinforced ceramic (In-Ceram Alumina, Turkom Cera), glass-infiltrated zirconia-toughened alumina ceramic (In-Ceram Zirconia), low-fusing ceramic (Finesse), yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia ceramic (Zirkonzahn), and lithium disilicate glass ceramic (IPS e.max)] using a tetrazolium assay prior to and 3 days after aging, to determine their ability to alter cellular mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Mann-Whitney U test and Wilcoxon t test were used for statistical analysis (alpha = 0.05). Results: According to the results of the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2yl-)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide tests, the toxic effects of Finesse and Zirkonzahn were statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) compared with the negative control group. In contrast, In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, Turkom Cera, and IPS e.max demonstrated statistically significant toxic effects (P < 0.05) compared to the negative control group. When effects of aging on cytotoxic properties were evaluated, In-Ceram Zirconia and Turkom Cera showed increased cytotoxic effects on the 1st day following the aging process, whereas IPS e.max and Zirkonzahn displayed cytotoxic effects on the 2nd day and Day 7, respectively. The cytotoxic effect of;Zirkonzahn and IPS e.max was decreased on the 1st day and at the 2nd week, respectively. Conclusion: Several types of all-ceramic substructures did not cause the same in vitro. responses. Finesse and Zirkonzahn did not carry high biologic risk. However, our results suggest that In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia, Turkom Cera, and IPS e.max should not be considered as entirely biocompatible materials. Copyright (C) 2012, Association for Dental Sciences of the Republic of China. Published by Elsevier Taiwan LLC. All rights reserved., Department of Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University, The authors thank Dr Aslihan Usumez and Dr Ahmet Ozturk for their valuable contributions in the assessment of study results and preparation and writing of this manuscript. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Department of Scientific Research Projects of Erciyes University.

Tetrazolium bromide was tested as a vital stain for oospores of Peronospora viciae f. sp. fabae and P. viciae f. sp. pisi in phosphate buffers with a pH ranging from 6.0 to 8.0. Oospores stained mo...