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Biotemplate-based zinc oxide nanocomposite was effectively prepared via simple chemical precipitation route. The functional groups of amino (-NH2), hydroxyl (-OH) and O-Zn-O were confirmed and characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The structural and morphological properties were confirmed by XRD, UV-Vis DRS, HR-SEM and TEM analyses. The elemental composition of carbon, nitrogen, zinc and oxygen was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller high surface area of materials was estimated to be 52.49m2/g, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) shows that biotemplate on zinc oxide nanocomposite has higher thermal stability than chitosan matrix. The results demonstrate that biotemplate on zinc oxide matrix causes immobilization effect among the two components. Therefore, chitosan-ZnO nanocomposite has a microcrystalline morphological structure and also good thermal stability, so it can be a promising material for sensors, medical, tissue engineering and wastewater treatment applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photodegradation in two different types of dyes like a cationic and anionic dye, namely, methylene blue and reactive yellow 15 under the direct sunlight irradiation respectively, have been carried out using graphene-SnO 2 /PANI matrix as photo catalyst. The graphene-SnO 2 particle architecture PANI matrix was successfully synthesized via two step methods Firstly, graphene-SnO 2 colloidal suspension was prepared by hydrothermal precipitation method and secondly, the resulting graphene-SnO 2 colloidal suspension was effectively attached on the PANI matrix by in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. The resulting respective nanocomposite materials of graphene, SnO 2 and PANI were characterized and confirmed by FTIR, X-ray diffraction, UV–vis DRS, HR-SEM with EDAX, TEM, BET and TG-DTA analysis. Thus results demonstrate that graphene-SnO 2 nanoparticle-architecture PANI matrix was synergistic effect among the three component of graphene, SnO 2 and PANI. Therefore, graphene-SnO 2 particles architecture PANI acts as an efficient photo catalyst for the degradation of methylene blue and reactive yellow 15 dyes under the direct sunlight irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this present work, zinc-tin oxide/chitosan hybrid composite was prepared by chemical precipitation method using chitosan as biosurfactant, ZnCl2 and SnCl2 as source materials and sodium hydroxide as precipitating agent. Structural and morphological features of as prepared hybrid composites were studied. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy of the hybrid composites revealed that the formation of bond between ZnO, SnO2 and chitosan matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern indicates that the sizes of crystallites are in ~ 4.2-27 nm range. From High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) observation, the morphology of hybrid composites forms spherical shape and spherutlite structure. The elemental compositions of (carbon, nitrogen, zinc, tin and oxygen) hybrid composite were confirmed by EDAX analysis. The zinc-tin oxide/chitosan hybrid composite exhibited higher thermal stability than chitosan- ZnO and chitosan-SnO2 composites. Hence it can be used for various applications such as sensing, catalysis, optoelectronic devices and dye removal process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, chitosan-MgO bio-composite was successfully prepared by simple chemical precipitation method. The bioactive polymer of chitosan (N-deacetylated derivative of chitin) was subjected to action with magnesium oxide modifiers. The functional characteristics of chitosan and MgO were characterized and confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. From the XRD pattern, crystalline pattern of CS-MgO composite was found to be the semi crystalline nature. The biopolymer connected MgO particles was in rod like structure and confirmed by H-SEM analysis. Thermal characteristics of MgO incorporated chitosan have higher stability than chitosan biopolymer. Thus the result of chitosan-MgO bio composite was demonstrated that the synergistic effect obtained among the two components. Consequently, antimicrobial activity of the components was performed against the microbial pathogens revealed that MgO modified chitosan acts as a better bacterial inhibition activity than MgO. Therefore, Chitosan-MgO bio-composite may be an expectant material for the biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study evaluates the effect of fabric material to solvent/acrylonitrile mixture ratio on solvent induced hydroxylation of cyanoethylated cotton fabric using solvents and acrylonitrile mixture. Some of the properties such as shrinkage, percentage of weight gain, diameter and crease recovery were studied. The surface characterization was carried out by SEM, which indicates the variations of its surface morphology after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]