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1. Effectiveness and Safety of Direct-acting Antivirals for Treatment of Adolescents With HCV/HIV Coinfection: Real-world Data From Europe

Author

Malik, Farihah, Crichton, Siobhan, Plotnikova, Yulia, Latysheva, Inga, Samarina, Anna, Pokorska-Śpiewak, Maria, Gomez, Marisa Navarro, Bailey, Heather, Thorne, Claire, Judd, Ali, Turkova, Anna, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Marczyńska, Magdalena, Popielska, Jolanta, Ołdakowska, Agnieszka, Zawadka, Konrad, Pluta, Magdalena, Doroba, Małgorzata, Okhonskaya, Liubov, Rozenberg, Vladimir, Voronin, Evgeny, Plynsky, Alexksey A., José Mellado, María, Escosa, Luis, García Hortelano, Milagros, Sainz, Talía, Grasa, Carlos, Rodríguez, Paula, Rojo, Pablo, Prieto-Tato, Luis, Epalza, Cristina, Tagarro, Alfredo, Domínguez, Sara, Ballesteros, Álvaro, Tomás Ramos, José, Illán, Marta, Berzosa, Arantxa, Guillén, Sara, Soto, Beatriz, Luisa Navarro, María, Saavedra, Jesús, Santos, Mar, Aguilera, David, Santiago, Begoña, Jimenez de Ory, Santiago, Bermejo, Amanda, Penín, María, Martínez, Jorge, Badillo, Katie, Belén Jiménez, Ana, Navas, Adriana, Oñate, Eider, Pocheville, Itziar, Garrote, Elisa, Colino, Elena, Afonso, Olga, Gómez Sirvent, Jorge, Garzón, Mónica, Román, Vicente, Angulo, Raquel, Neth, Olaf, Falcón, Lola, Terol, Pedro, Luis Santos, Juan, Vázquez, Álvaro, Carazo, Begoña, Medina, Antonio, Lendínez, Francisco, Ibáñez, Mercedes, Peromingo, Estrella, Isabel Sánchez, María, Ruiz, Beatriz, Grande, Ana, José Romero, Francisco, Pérez, Carlos, Calle, Laura, Pareja, Marta, Losada, Begoña, Herranz, Mercedes, Bustillo, Matilde, Collado, Pilar, Antonio Couceiro, José, Vila, Leticia, Calviño, Consuelo, Isabel Piqueras, Ana, Oltra, Manuel, Gavilán, César, Montesinos, Elena, Dapena, Marta, Jiménez, Beatriz, Gloria Andrés, Ana, Marugán, Víctor, Ochoa, Carlos, Isabel Menasalvas, Ana, Cervantes, Eloísa, Álvarez, Beatriz, Díez, Cristina, Bernardino, Ignacio, Luisa Montes, María, Valencia, Eulalia, Delgado, Ana, Rubio, Rafael, Pulido, Federico, Bisbal, Otilia, Monereo Alonso, Alfonso, Berenguer, Juan, Díez, Cristina, Aldamiz, Teresa, Tejerina, Francisco, Carlos Bernaldo de Quirós, Juan, Padilla, Belén, Carrillo, Raquel, Montilla, Pedro, Bermúdez, Elena, Valerio, Maricela, Sanz, Jose, Gimeno, Alejandra, Cervero, Miguel, Torres, Rafael, Moreno, Santiago, Jesús Perez, María, del Campo, Santos, Ryan, Pablo, Troya, Jesus, Sanz, Jesus, Losa, Juan, Gomez, Rafael, Górgolas, Miguel, Díaz, Alberto, de la Fuente, Sara, Antonio Iribarren, Jose, Jose Aramburu, Maria, Martinez, Lourdes, Josune Goikoetxea, Ane, Ibarra, Sofia, de la Peña, Mireia, Asensi, Víctor, Hernandez, Michele, Remedios Alemán, María, Pelazas, Ricardo, del Mar Alonso, María, María López, Ana, García, Dácil, Rodriguez, Jehovana, Angel Cardenes, Miguel, Castaño, Manuel A., Orihuela, Francisco, Pérez, Inés, Isabel Mayorga, Mª, Fernando Lopez-Cortes, Luis, Roca, Cristina, Llaves, Silvia, Jose Rios, Maria, Rodriguez, Jesus, Palomo, Virginia, Pasquau, Juan, Garcia, Coral, Hernandez, Jose, Martinez, Clara, Rivero, Antonio, Camacho, Angela, Merino, Dolores, Raffo, Miguel, Corpa, Laura, Martinez, Elisa, Mateos, Fernando, Javier Blanch, Jose, Torralba, Miguel, Arazo, Piedad, Samperiz, Gloria, Miralles, Celia, Ocampo, Antonio, Pousada, Guille, Mena, Alvaro, Montero, Marta, Salavert, Miguel, Jose Galindo, Maria, Pretel, Natalia, Portilla, Joaquín, Portilla, Irene, Gutierrez, Felix, Masia, Mar, Robledano, Cati, Adsuar, Araceli, Hinojosa, Carmen, Monteagudo, Begoña, Bachiller, Pablo, Abadía, Jesica, Galera, Carlos, Albendin, Helena, Fernandez, Marian, and Ramon Blanco, Jose

Published
2024
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3. Perinatal characteristics and longer-term outcomes in Brazilian children with confirmed or suspected congenital Zika infection: ZIKAction Paediatric Registry

Author

de Siqueira, Isadora Cristina, de Almeida, Breno Lima, Lage, Maria Lucia Costa, Serra, Leticia, Carvalho, Alessandra, de Lima, Maricélia Maia, Góes, Maria de Fatima Neri, Crispim, Marília De Santa Inês Neri, da Costa Pereira, Mirela Monteiro, Costa, Bernardo Gratival Gouvea, Bailey, Heather, Byrne, Thomas, Giaquinto, Carlo, Fernandes, Georgina, Ruiz-Burga, Elisa, and Thorne, Claire

Published
2023
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5. Setting the research agenda: involving parents in research on children who are HIV‐free

Author

Bukasa, Laurette L., Namiba, Angelina, Brown, Matilda, Ndu'Ngu, Estelle, Nangwale, Mercy, Letting, Gillian, Chirwa, Patricia, Thorne, Claire, and Tariq, Shema

Subjects
Maternal-fetal exchange -- Health aspects, Clinical trials -- Management, HIV infection -- Prevention, Company business management, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: There is growing interest in health, developmental and survival outcomes of children who are born HIV‐free to women living with HIV (children born HIV‐free). To date, the research agenda has been largely determined by researchers, funders and policy makers, with limited involvement of parents, who are key stakeholders. Researchers at UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health in partnership with community‐based organisation 4M Network of Mentor Mothers conducted two workshops with parents in March 2022 to establish research priorities for children born HIV‐free, and key considerations for methodological approaches both to research and engagement with the affected communities. Discussion: When exploring research on children born HIV‐free, we consider the following: what aspects of current research are aligned with women and parents’ priorities, what is missing and what approaches would be preferred. A holistic approach to research on children born HIV‐free should be prioritised, focussing on a breadth of outcomes and how they intersect. Secondary use of existing data sources should be maximised to facilitate this, with a view of monitoring the long‐term effects of fetal antiretroviral drug exposure alongside other key health and developmental outcomes. Involving and engaging with parents, and children where possible, must be at the heart of research design to maximise relevance and impact of findings for the affected communities. Potential barriers to engaging with individuals who were children born HIV‐free include parental disclosure and individuals not identifying as a child born HIV‐free to a mother living with HIV. Stigma‐free language must be incorporated into the vocabulary of researchers and other stakeholders, avoiding reference to exposure; we propose the term “children born HIV‐free.” Conclusions: Mothers and parents living with HIV should be involved in research about their children born HIV‐free and are key in identifying research priorities so that findings may translate into an impact on their children's health and wellbeing. Meaningful involvement of women living with HIV through trusted community partners is an effective mechanism by which to elicit views on research about their children., INTRODUCTION Successes in preventing vertical transmission (VT) have led to substantially fewer children being born with HIV [1]. In parallel, the number of children who are born HIV‐free to women [...]

Published
2023
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7. Growth and CD4 patterns of adolescents living with perinatally acquired HIV worldwide, a CIPHER cohort collaboration analysis

Author

Jesson, Julie, Crichton, Siobhan, Quartagno, Matteo, Yotebieng, Marcel, Abrams, Elaine J., Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Le Coeur, Sophie, Ake-Assi, Marie-Helene, Patel, Kunjal, Pinto, Jorge, Paul, Mary, Vreeman, Rachel, Davies, Mary-Ann, Ben-Farhat, Jihane, Van-Dyke, Russell, Judd, Ali, Mofenson, Lynne, Vicari, Marissa, Seage, George, III, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Essajee, Shaffiq, Gibb, Diana, Penazzato, Martina, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Wools-Kaloustian, Kara, Slogrove, Amy, Powis, Kate, Williams, Paige, Matshaba, Mogomotsi, Thahane, Lineo, Nyasulu, Phoebe, Lukhele, Bhekumusa, Mwita, Lumumba, Kekitiinwa-Rukyalekere, Adeodata, Wanless, Sebastian, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Thorne, Claire, Warszawski, Josiane, Galli, Luisa, van-Rossum, Annemarie M.C., Giaquinto, Carlo, Marczynska, Magdalena, Marques, Laura, Prata, Filipa, Ene, Luminita, Okhonskaya, Lyuba, Navarro, Marisa, Frick, Antoinette, Naver, Lars, Kahlert, Christian, Volokha, Alla, Chappel, Elizabeth, Pape, Jean William, Rouzier, Vanessa, Marcelin, Adias, Succi, Regina, Sohn, Annette H., Kariminia, Azar, Edmonds, Andrew, Lelo, Patricia, Lyamuya, Rita, Ogalo, Edith Apondi, Odhiambo, Francesca Akoth, Haas, Andreas D., Bolton, Carolyn, Muhairwe, Josephine, Tweya, Hannock, Sylla, Mariam, D'Almeida, Marceline, Renner, Lorna, J.Abzug, Mark, Oleske, James, Purswani, Murli, Teasdale, Chloe, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, Goodall, Ruth, and Leroy, Valeriane

Subjects
Adolescent development -- Health aspects, Perinatal infection -- Statistics -- International aspects -- Complications and side effects, Growth -- Health aspects, CD4 lymphocytes -- Health aspects, Pediatric research, HIV infection -- Statistics -- International aspects -- Complications and side effects, Health
Abstract

Introduction: Adolescents living with HIV are subject to multiple co-morbidities, including growth retardation and immunodeficiency. We describe growth and CD4 evolution during adolescence using data from the Collaborative Initiative for Paediatric HIV Education and Research (CIPHER) globalproject. Methods: Data were collected between 1994 and 2015 from 11 CIPHER networks worldwide. Adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV infection (APH) who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) before age 10 years, with at least one height or CD4 count measurement while aged 10-17 years, were included. Growth was measured using height-for-age Z-scores (HAZ, stunting if Results: A total of 20,939 and 19,557 APH were included for the growth and CD4 analyses, respectively. Half were females, two-thirds lived in East and Southern Africa, and median age at ART initiation ranged from 7 years in sub-Saharan African regions. At age 10, stunting ranged from 6% in North America and Europe to 39% in the Asia-Pacific; 19% overall had CD4 counts Conclusions: Growth patterns during adolescence differed substantially by sex and region, while CD4 patterns were similar, with an observed CD4 decline that needs further investigation. Early diagnosis and timely initiation of treatment in early childhood to prevent growth retardation and immunodeficiency are critical to improving APH growth and CD4 outcomes by the time they reach adulthood. Keywords: adolescent; CD4; cohort studies; growth; HIV; perinatally acquired Additional information may be found under the Supporting Information tab of this article., 1 | INTRODUCTION In 2019, an estimated 1.7 million adolescents aged 10-19 years were living with HIV worldwide, with 90% of them in sub-Saharan Africa, and 8% in Asia and [...]

Published
2022
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8. Residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy among women living with HIV in the UK, 2009–2019.

Author

Dema, Emily, Peters, Helen, Gilleece, Yvonne, and Thorne, Claire

Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility, NATIONAL health services, SECONDARY analysis, VIRAL load, RESEARCH funding, HIV-positive persons, LOGISTIC regression analysis, NOMADS, EVALUATION of medical care, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, PERINATAL death, AGE distribution, PRENATAL care, WOMEN'S health, RESIDENTIAL mobility, EVALUATION
Abstract

Introduction: The extent to which individuals living with HIV experience residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in the UK is unknown. We aimed to determine a minimum estimate of residential and healthcare mobility during pregnancy in people living with HIV in the UK in 2009–2019 to explore patterns of and factors associated with mobility and to assess whether mobility was associated with specific HIV outcomes. Methods: We analyzed data from the Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service to assess pregnancies with HIV in the UK and included livebirths and stillbirths with estimated delivery in 2009–2019. Residential mobility was defined as changing residential postcode between notification and delivery, and healthcare mobility was defined as changing NHS Trust or Strategic Health Authority (SHA) in that same timeframe. We used logistic regression to determine factors associated with residential and healthcare mobility and with detectable delivery viral load. Results: Among 10 305 pregnancies, 19.6% experienced residential mobility, 8.1% changed NHS Trust, and 4.5% changed SHA during pregnancy. Mobility was more likely to be experienced by younger women, migrants, and those with new antenatal diagnosis; residential but not healthcare mobility declined over time. In a fully adjusted model, mobility was not associated with having a detectable viral load at delivery. Higher proportions of infants were lost to follow‐up after mobile pregnancies than after non‐mobile pregnancies. Conclusions: This analysis provides new knowledge on mobility during pregnancy in the context of HIV, but further research is needed to understand its broader impacts and its utility as a marker to help identify families requiring additional follow‐up and support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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9. Association of pregnancy with engagement in HIV care among women with HIV in the UK: a cohort study

Author

Ainsworth, Jonathan, Allan, Sris, Anderson, Jane, Apoola, Ade, Chadwick, David, Churchill, Duncan, Delpech, Valerie, Dunn, David, Fairley, Ian, Fox, Ashini, Gilson, Richard, Gompels, Mark, Hay, Phillip, Hembrom, Rajesh, Hill, Teresa, Johnson, Margaret, Jose, Sophie, Kegg, Stephen, Leen, Clifford, Mital, Dushyant, Nelson, Mark, Okhai, Hajra, Orkin, Chloe, Palfreeman, Adrian, Phillips, Andrew, Pillay, Deenan, Price, Ashley, Post, Frank, Pritchard, Jillian, Sabin, Caroline, Schwenk, Achim, Tariq, Anjum, Trevelion, Roy, Ustianowski, Andy, Walsh, John, Tariq, Shema, Burns, Fiona, Gilleece, Yvonne, Dhairyawan, Rageshri, Peters, Helen, Thorne, Claire, and Sabin, Caroline A

Published
2021
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15. Antenatal Seroprevalence of Zika and Chikungunya Viruses, Kingston Metropolitan Area, Jamaica, 2017-2019

Author

Anzinger, Joshua J., Mears, Chadwic D., Ades, A.E., Francis, Keisha, Phillips, Yakima, Leys, Ynolde E., Spyer, Moira J., Brown, David, Filippis, Ana M. Bispo de, Nastouli, Eleni, Byrne, Thomas, Bailey, Heather, Palmer, Paulette, Bryan, Lenroy, Webster-Kerr, Karen, Giaquinto, Carlo, Thorne, Claire, and Christie, Celia D.C.

Subjects
Kingston, Jamaica (City) -- Health aspects, Chikungunya fever -- Statistics -- Risk factors, Pregnant women -- Statistics -- Health aspects, Health
Abstract

The recent introductions of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) in the Americas led to widespread epidemics with substantial health and economic effects. Small island developing states in the [...]

Published
2022

17. Surveillance of ARV safety in pregnancy and breastfeeding: towards a new framework

Author

Renaud, Françoise, Mofenson, Lynne M., Bakker, Charlotte, Dolk, Helen, Leroy, Valeriane, Namiba, Angelina, Sahin, Leyla, Shapiro, Roger, Slogrove, Amy, Thorne, Claire, Vicari, Marissa, Low?Beer, Daniel, and Doherty, Meg

Subjects
Safety regulations -- Evaluation, Birth defects -- Prevention, Breast feeding -- Health aspects, Antiviral agents -- Testing -- Complications and side effects, Sentinel health events -- Methods -- Standards, Clinical trials -- Methods -- Standards, Data entry -- Methods -- Standards, Pharmaceutical research -- Standards, Pregnant women -- Drug therapy, HIV infection -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: As new antiretrovirals (ARVs), including long‐acting ARVs for treatment and prevention, are approved and introduced, surveillance during pregnancy must become the safety net for evaluating birth outcomes, especially those that are rare and require large numbers of observations. Historically, drug pharmacovigilance in pregnancy has been limited and fragmented between different data sources, resulting in inadequate data to assess risk. The International Maternal Pediatric Adolescent AIDS Clinical Trials Network and World Health Organization convened a Workshop which reviewed strengths and weaknesses of existing programs and discussed an improved framework to integrate existing safety data sources and promote harmonization and digitalization. Discussion: This paper highlights that although robust sources of safety data and surveillance programs exist, key challenges remain, including unknown denominators, reporting bias, under‐reporting (e.g. in voluntary registries), few data sources from resource‐limited settings (most are in North America and Europe), incomplete or inaccurate data (e.g. within routine medical records). However, recent experiences (e.g. with safety signals) and current innovations (e.g. electronic record use in resource‐limited settings and defining adverse outcomes) provide momentum and building blocks for a new framework for active surveillance of ARV safety in pregnancy. A public health approach should be taken using data from existing sources, including registries of pregnancy ARV exposure and birth defects; observational surveillance and cohort studies; clinical trials; and real‐world databases. Key facilitators are harmonization and standardization of outcomes, sharing of materials and tools, and data linkages between programs. Other key facilitators include the development of guidance to estimate sample size and duration of surveillance, ensuring strategic geographic diversity, bringing partners together to share information and engaging the community of women living with HIV. Conclusions: Looking ahead, critical steps to safely introduce new ARVs include (1) adopting harmonized standards for measuring adverse maternal, birth and infant outcomes; (2) establishing surveillance centres of excellence in areas with high HIV prevalence with harmonized data collection and optimized electronic health records linking maternal/infant data; and (3) creating targets and evaluation goals for reporting progress on implementation and quality of surveillance in pregnancy. The platform will be leveraged to ensure that appropriate contributions and strategic actions by relevant stakeholders are implemented., INTRODUCTION Data on new antiretroviral (ARV) drugs in pregnancy are often delayed until years after initial approval [1, 2]. Additionally, the most vulnerable period for adverse foetal effects is in [...]

Published
2022
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18. Genetic studies of abdominal MRI data identify genes regulating hepcidin as major determinants of liver iron concentration

Author

Jennison, Christopher, Ehrhardt, Beate, Baum, Patrick, Schoelsch, Corinna, Freijer, Jan, Grempler, Rolf, Graefe-Mody, Ulrike, Hennige, Anita, Dings, Christiane, Lehr, Thorsten, Scherer, Nina, Sihinecich, Iryna, Pattou, Francois, Raverdi, Violeta, Caiazzo, Robert, Torres, Fanelly, Verkindt, Helene, Mari, Andrea, Tura, Andrea, Giorgino, Toni, Bizzotto, Roberto, Froguel, Philippe, Bonneford, Amelie, Canouil, Mickael, Dhennin, Veronique, Brorsson, Caroline, Brunak, Soren, De Masi, Federico, Gudmundsdóttir, Valborg, Pedersen, Helle, Banasik, Karina, Thomas, Cecilia, Sackett, Peter, Staerfeldt, Hans-Henrik, Lundgaard, Agnete, Nilsson, Birgitte, Nielsen, Agnes, Mazzoni, Gianluca, Karaderi, Tugce, Rasmussen, Simon, Johansen, Joachim, Allesøe, Rosa, Fritsche, Andreas, Thorand, Barbara, Adamski, Jurek, Grallert, Harald, Haid, Mark, Sharma, Sapna, Troll, Martina, Adam, Jonathan, Ferrer, Jorge, Eriksen, Heather, Frost, Gary, Haussler, Ragna, Hong, Mun-gwan, Schwenk, Jochen, Uhlen, Mathias, Nicolay, Claudia, Pavo, Imre, Steckel-Hamann, Birgit, Thomas, Melissa, Adragni, Kofi, Wu, Han, Hart, Leen't, Roderick, Slieker, van Leeuwen, Nienke, Dekkers, Koen, Frau, Francesca, Gassenhuber, Johann, Jablonka, Bernd, Musholt, Petra, Ruetten, Hartmut, Tillner, Joachim, Baltauss, Tania, Bernard Poenaru, Oana, de Preville, Nathalie, Rodriquez, Marianne, Arumugam, Manimozhiyan, Allin, Kristine, Engelbrechtsen, Line, Hansen, Torben, Hansen, Tue, Forman, Annemette, Jonsson, Anna, Pedersen, Oluf, Dutta, Avirup, Vogt, Josef, Vestergaard, Henrik, Laakso, Markku, Kokkola, Tarja, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Franks, Paul, Giordano, Nick, Pomares-Millan, Hugo, Fitipaldi, Hugo, Mutie, Pascal, Klintenberg, Maria, Bergstrom, Margit, Groop, Leif, Ridderstrale, Martin, Atabaki Pasdar, Naeimeh, Deshmukh, Harshal, Heggie, Alison, Wake, Dianne, McEvoy, Donna, McVittie, Ian, Walker, Mark, Hattersley, Andrew, Hill, Anita, Jones, Angus, McDonald, Timothy, Perry, Mandy, Nice, Rachel, Hudson, Michelle, Thorne, Claire, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, Viñuela, Ana, Cabrelli, Louise, Loftus, Heather, Dawed, Adem, Donnelly, Louise, Forgie, Ian, Pearson, Ewan, Palmer, Colin, Brown, Andrew, Koivula, Robert, Wesolowska-Andersen, Agata, Abdalla, Moustafa, McRobert, Nicky, Fernandez, Juan, Jiao, Yunlong, Robertson, Neil, Gough, Stephen, Kaye, Jane, Mourby, Miranda, Mahajan, Anubha, McCarthy, Mark, Shah, Nisha, Teare, Harriet, Holl, Reinhard, Koopman, Anitra, Rutters, Femke, Beulens, Joline, Groeneveld, Lenka, Bell, Jimmy, Thomas, Louise, Whitcher, Brandon, Wilman, Henry R., Parisinos, Constantinos A., Atabaki-Pasdar, Naeimeh, Kelly, Matt, Thomas, E. Louise, Neubauer, Stefan, Hingorani, Aroon D., Patel, Riyaz S., Hemingway, Harry, Franks, Paul W., Bell, Jimmy D., Banerjee, Rajarshi, and Yaghootkar, Hanieh

Published
2019
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20. The cascade of care for children and adolescents with HIV in the UK and Ireland, 2010 to 2016

Author

Chappell, Elizabeth, Lyall, Hermione, Riordan, Andrew, Thorne, Claire, Foster, Caroline, Butler, Karina, Prime, Katia, Bamford, Alasdair, Peters, Helen, Judd, Ali, and Collins, Intira J.

Subjects
Gilead Sciences Inc., Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Comparative analysis, Children -- Comparative analysis, Child care -- Comparative analysis, HIV -- Comparative analysis, Pediatrics -- Comparative analysis, Antiretroviral agents -- Comparative analysis, Biological products industry -- Comparative analysis, Health
Abstract

Introduction: The UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets for the cascade of care are widely used to monitor the success of HIV care programmes but there are few studies in children. We assessed the cascade for children and adolescents living with HIV in the national Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study (CHIPS) in the UK and Ireland. Methods: Utilizing longitudinal data from CHIPS we compared the cascade of care for 2010, 2013 and 2016. Among children diagnosed with HIV and not known to be lost to follow-up at the start of each calendar year, we summarized the proportion in active paediatric care during that year (defined as having >1 clinic visit, CD4 or viral load measurement, or change to antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimen), and of these, the proportion on ART at last visit in that year. Among those on ART, the proportion with viral suppression ( Results: Of children in paediatric HIV care at the start of 2010, 2013 and 2016 (n = 1249, 1157, 905 respectively), the proportion in active care during that calendar year was high throughout at 97 to 99%. Of those in active care, the proportion on ART increased from 79% to 85% and 92% respectively (p < 0.001). Among those on ART, the proportion with viral suppression and good immune status was stable at 83% to 86% and 85% to 88%, respectively, across the years. Among children in care in 2016, those aged >15 years were less likely to be virally suppressed (79% vs. 91%, p < 0.001) or to have good immune status (78% vs. 94%, p < 0.001) compared to younger children; there were no differences by place of birth or sex. Conclusions: Children and adolescents in the UK and Ireland national cohort had high retention in care. The proportion on ART increased significantly over time although there was no change in viral suppression or good immune status. Poorer outcomes among adolescents highlight the need for targeted support for this population. Keywords: HIV care continuum; paediatric; adolescents; cohort studies; UK and Ireland; retention in care, 1 | INTRODUCTION The HIV cascade of care is a model which outlines the steps from HIV infection that individuals must pass through to achieve viral suppression, with intermediate stages [...]

Published
2019
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21. Hepatitis C virus infection in children and adolescents

Author

Indolfi, Giuseppe, Easterbrook, Philippa, Dusheiko, Geoffrey, El-Sayed, Manal H, Jonas, Maureen M, Thorne, Claire, Bulterys, Marc, Siberry, George, Walsh, Nick, Chang, Mei-Hwei, Meyers, Tammy, Giaquinto, Carlo, Wirth, Stefan, Chan, Po-Lin, and Penazzato, Martina

Published
2019
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22. Hepatitis B virus infection in children and adolescents

Author

Indolfi, Giuseppe, Easterbrook, Philippa, Dusheiko, Geoffrey, Siberry, George, Chang, Mei-Hwei, Thorne, Claire, Bulterys, Marc, Chan, Po-Lin, El-Sayed, Manal H, Giaquinto, Carlo, Jonas, Maureen M, Meyers, Tammy, Walsh, Nick, Wirth, Stefan, and Penazzato, Martina

Published
2019
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23. Incidence of switching to second-line antiretroviral therapy and associated factors in children with HIV: an international cohort collaboration

Author

Collins, Intira J, Wools-Kaloustian, Kara, Goodall, Ruth, Smith, Colette, Abrams, Elaine J, Ben-Farhat, Jihane, Balkan, Suna, Davies, Mary-Ann, Edmonds, Andrew, Leroy, Valériane, Nuwagaba-Biribonwoha, Harriet, Patel, Kunjal, Paul, Mary E, Pinto, Jorge, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Sohn, Annette, Van Dyke, Russell, Vreeman, Rachel, Maxwell, Nicky, Timmerman, Venessa, Duff, Charlotte, Judd, Ali, Seage III, George, Williams, Paige, Gibb, Diana M, Bekker, Linda-Gail, Mofenson, Lynne, Vicari, Marissa, Essajee, Shaffiq, Mohapi, Edith Q, Kazembe, Peter N, Hlatshwayo, Makhosazana, Lumumba, Mwita, Kekitiinwa-Rukyalekere, Adeodata, Wanless, Sebastian, Matshaba, Mogomotsi S., Goetghebuer, Tessa, Thorne, Claire, Warszawski, Josiane, Galli, Luisa, Geelen, Sybil, Giaquinto, Carlo, Marczynska, Magdalena, Marques, Laura, Prata, Filipa, Ene, Luminita, Okhonskaia, Liubov, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Naver, Lars, Rudin, Christoph, Jourdain, Gonzague, Volokha, Alla, Rouzier, Vanessa, Succi, Regina, Chokephaibulkit, Kulkanya, Kariminia, Azar, Yotebieng, Marcel, Lelo, Patricia, Lyamuya, Rita, Marete, Irene, Oyaro, Patrick, Boulle, Andrew, Malisita, Kennedy, Fatti, Geoffrey, Haas, Andreas D, Desmonde, Sophie, Dicko, Fatoumata, Abzug, Mark J, Levin, Myron, Oleske, James, Chernoff, Miriam, Traite, Shirley, Purswani, Murli, Teasdale, Chloe, and Chadwick, Ellen

Published
2019
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25. Characterisation and Calibration of ZEPLIN III - A Dark Matter Detector

Author

Thorne, Claire and Sumner, Timothy

Subjects
520
Abstract

The ZEPLIN III liquid xenon dark matter detector is designed to potentially discover the WIMP - a supersymmetric galactic dark matter candidate. This thesis presents experimental results of the ZEPLIN III commissioning studies, in preparation for the first and second underground science runs. Data acquired on the surface, at the Imperial College London laboratories, were used to characterise the instrument's response in terms of light yield (LY) and single photoelectron (SPE) spectra. A zero-field LY was measured as 7.42±0.37phe/keV and 18.12±0.91 phe/keV in dedicated single- and dual-phase high yieldconfigurations, respectively, consistent with Monte Carlo simulations. Mean SPEmeasured pulse areas ranged from 41.78±1.55 Vps to 52.37±1.59 Vps, dependingon the method employed. A 3-D position reconstruction was verified and, significantly,no evidence of a potentially-contaminating background -population wasobserved. This study directly lead to critical development of the DAQ software andhardware configuration. The PMT array was confirmed as responsive and, crucially,the particle discrimination principle was demonstrated. Zero-field LYs of (4.6-4.7)±0.5 phe/keV were recovered from the centre of the chamber, exceeding simulationpredictions. With-field (3.01 kV/cm in the liquid) LYs of (1.2-1.8) ±0.3 phe/keVfrom the liquid scintillation (S1) and an electroluminescence yield (S2) of (98-140)±35 phe/keV from the gas phase were also determined. ZEPLIN III was deployed in the Boulby Underground Laboratory, UK and demonstratedsuccessful operation at high field (up to 3.79 kV/cm in the liquid), in situ. An alternative Poisson method for obtaining single photoelectron distributions wasdeveloped by the ZEPLIN collaboration. The origin of long- events in surfacedata was investigated and ultimately resolved as an artefact of early versions ofthe data reduction software. An S1 zero-field LY of 4.72±0.10 phe/keV, obtainedwith a 57Co external source, was recovered for the centre of the chamber. The instrument's energy resolution was evaluated and a novel parameterisation approach,developed by the author, yielded σ=1.08±0.06p E(keV) with a dominant stochastic term. A 'flat-fielding' method was established, proving to minimise the resolution significantly, yielding 8.6% and 7.3% for S1 and S2, respectively, in the fiducialised anti-correlated energy channel. This flat-fielding recipe, along with construction of the light collection correction matrices, formed the basis of the final procedures subsequently applied to first science run data-sets.

Published
2009
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28. Ethnic group differences in rates of SARS-CoV-2 testing, PCR-confirmed infections and COVID-19 related hospital admissions in young children by SARS-CoV-2- variant: national birth cohort study

Author

Fariyo Abdullahi, Hardelid, Pia, Nguyen, Vincent, Thorne, Claire, and Wijlaars, Linda

Abstract

The objective is to describe the rates of SARS-CoV-2 testing, PCR confirmed infections and COVID-19 related hospital admissions in children under 5 by ethnic group during the wild-type, alpha, delta and omicron variant waves.

Published
2023
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29. Discovery of drug–omics associations in type 2 diabetes with generative deep-learning models

Author

Allesøe, Rosa Lundbye, Lundgaard, Agnete Troen, Hernández Medina, Ricardo, Aguayo-Orozco, Alejandro, Johansen, Joachim, Nissen, Jakob Nybo, Brorsson, Caroline, Mazzoni, Gianluca, Niu, Lili, Biel, Jorge Hernansanz, Brasas, Valentas, Webel, Henry, Benros, Michael Eriksen, Pedersen, Anders Gorm, Chmura, Piotr Jaroslaw, Jacobsen, Ulrik Plesner, Mari, Andrea, Koivula, Robert, Mahajan, Anubha, Vinuela, Ana, Tajes, Juan Fernandez, Sharma, Sapna, Haid, Mark, Hong, Mun-Gwan, Musholt, Petra B., de Masi, Federico, Vogt, Josef, Pedersen, Helle Krogh, Gudmundsdottir, Valborg, Jones, Angus, Kennedy, Gwen, Bell, Jimmy, Thomas, E. Louise, Frost, Gary, Thomsen, Henrik, Hansen, Elizaveta, Hansen, Tue Haldor, Vestergaard, Henrik, Muilwijk, Mirthe, Blom, Marieke T., ‘t Hart, Leen M., Pattou, Francois, Raverdy, Violeta, Brage, Soren, Kokkola, Tarja, Heggie, Alison, McEvoy, Donna, Mourby, Miranda, Kaye, Jane, Hattersley, Andrew, McDonald, Timothy, Ridderstråle, Martin, Walker, Mark, Forgie, Ian, Giordano, Giuseppe N., Pavo, Imre, Ruetten, Hartmut, Pedersen, Oluf, Hansen, Torben, Dermitzakis, Emmanouil, Franks, Paul W., Schwenk, Jochen M., Adamski, Jerzy, McCarthy, Mark I., Pearson, Ewan, Banasik, Karina, Rasmussen, Simon, Brunak, S. ren, Froguel, Philippe, Thomas, Cecilia Engel, Haussler, Ragna, Beulens, Joline, Rutters, Femke, Nijpels, Giel, van Oort, Sabine, Groeneveld, Lenka, Elders, Petra, Giorgino, Toni, Rodriquez, Marianne, Nice, Rachel, Perry, Mandy, Bianzano, Susanna, Graefe-Mody, Ulrike, Hennige, Anita, Grempler, Rolf, Baum, Patrick, Stærfeldt, Hans-Henrik, Shah, Nisha, Teare, Harriet, Ehrhardt, Beate, Tillner, Joachim, Dings, Christiane, Lehr, Thorsten, Scherer, Nina, Sihinevich, Iryna, Cabrelli, Louise, Loftus, Heather, Bizzotto, Roberto, Tura, Andrea, Dekkers, Koen, van Leeuwen, Nienke, Groop, Leif, Slieker, Roderick, Ramisch, Anna, Jennison, Christopher, McVittie, Ian, Frau, Francesca, Steckel-Hamann, Birgit, Adragni, Kofi, Thomas, Melissa, Pasdar, Naeimeh Atabaki, Fitipaldi, Hugo, Kurbasic, Azra, Mutie, Pascal, Pomares-Millan, Hugo, Bonnefond, Amelie, Canouil, Mickael, Caiazzo, Robert, Verkindt, Helene, Holl, Reinhard, Kuulasmaa, Teemu, Deshmukh, Harshal, Cederberg, Henna, Laakso, Markku, Vangipurapu, Jagadish, Dale, Matilda, Thorand, Barbara, Nicolay, Claudia, Fritsche, Andreas, Hill, Anita, Hudson, Michelle, Thorne, Claire, Allin, Kristine, Arumugam, Manimozhiyan, Jonsson, Anna, Engelbrechtsen, Line, Forman, Annemette, Dutta, Avirup, Sondertoft, Nadja, Fan, Yong, Gough, Stephen, Robertson, Neil, McRobert, Nicky, Wesolowska-Andersen, Agata, Brown, Andrew, Davtian, David, Dawed, Adem, Donnelly, Louise, Palmer, Colin, White, Margaret, Ferrer, Jorge, Whitcher, Brandon, Artati, Anna, Prehn, Cornelia, Adam, Jonathan, Grallert, Harald, Gupta, Ramneek, Sackett, Peter Wad, Nilsson, Birgitte, Tsirigos, Konstantinos, Eriksen, Rebeca, Jablonka, Bernd, Uhlen, Mathias, Gassenhuber, Johann, Baltauss, Tania, de Preville, Nathalie, Klintenberg, Maria, Abdalla, Moustafa, Lundgaard, Agnete Troen [0000-0001-7447-6560], Hernández Medina, Ricardo [0000-0001-6373-2362], Johansen, Joachim [0000-0001-7052-1870], Niu, Lili [0000-0003-4571-4368], Biel, Jorge Hernansanz [0000-0002-3125-2951], Benros, Michael Eriksen [0000-0003-4939-9465], Pedersen, Anders Gorm [0000-0001-9650-8965], Jacobsen, Ulrik Plesner [0000-0001-9181-6854], Koivula, Robert [0000-0002-1646-4163], Vinuela, Ana [0000-0003-3771-8537], Haid, Mark [0000-0001-6118-1333], Hong, Mun-Gwan [0000-0001-8603-8293], Kennedy, Gwen [0000-0002-9856-3236], Thomas, E Louise [0000-0003-4235-4694], Frost, Gary [0000-0003-0529-6325], Hansen, Tue Haldor [0000-0001-5948-8993], Kaye, Jane [0000-0002-7311-4725], Hattersley, Andrew [0000-0001-5620-473X], Ridderstråle, Martin [0000-0002-3270-9167], Pedersen, Oluf [0000-0002-3321-3972], Hansen, Torben [0000-0001-8748-3831], Schwenk, Jochen M [0000-0001-8141-8449], Rasmussen, Simon [0000-0001-6323-9041], Brunak, Søren [0000-0003-0316-5866], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Epidemiology and Data Science, ACS - Diabetes & metabolism, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, General practice, ACS - Heart failure & arrhythmias, APH - Aging & Later Life, Graduate School, and APH - Methodology

Subjects
Biomedical Engineering, Type 2 diabetes, Bioengineering, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, Deep Learning, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Machine learning, Molecular Medicine, Humans, Data integration, IMI DIRECT Consortium, Systems biology, Algorithms, Biotechnology
Abstract

The application of multiple omics technologies in biomedical cohorts has the potential to reveal patient-level disease characteristics and individualized response to treatment. However, the scale and heterogeneous nature of multi-modal data makes integration and inference a non-trivial task. We developed a deep-learning-based framework, multi-omics variational autoencoders (MOVE), to integrate such data and applied it to a cohort of 789 people with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes with deep multi-omics phenotyping from the DIRECT consortium. Using in silico perturbations, we identified drug–omics associations across the multi-modal datasets for the 20 most prevalent drugs given to people with type 2 diabetes with substantially higher sensitivity than univariate statistical tests. From these, we among others, identified novel associations between metformin and the gut microbiota as well as opposite molecular responses for the two statins, simvastatin and atorvastatin. We used the associations to quantify drug–drug similarities, assess the degree of polypharmacy and conclude that drug effects are distributed across the multi-omics modalities.

Published
2023

31. Height and timing of growth spurt during puberty in young people living with vertically acquired HIV in Europe and Thailand

Author

Crichton, Siobhan, Belfrage, Erik, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Doerholt, Katja, Judd, Ali, Le Coeur, Sophie, Spoulou, Vana, Scherpbier, Henriette, Smit, Colette, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Gibb, Diana M., Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Navarro, Maria Luisa, Ramos, Jose Tomas, Galli, Luisa, Giaquinto, Carlo, Thorne, Claire, Ansone, Santa, Marczynska, Magdalena, Okhonskaia, Liubov, Tejada, Begoña Martinez de, Jourdain, Gonzague, Decker, Luc, Ene, Luminita, and Goodall, Ruth

Published
2019
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32. HIV-1 infected women and their children in Europe : an epidemiological study of health and social care

Author

Thorne, Claire Nicola

Subjects
610, Medicine
Abstract

This thesis aims to describe the characteristics of HIV-infected women and their children in Europe and to investigate their clinical and psycho-social care. Socio-demographic, clinical and immunological characteristics of 2131 HIV-infected pregnant women, enrolled between 1985 and July 1997 in an on-going multi-centre prospective study, the European Collaborative Study (ECS) are described: two-thirds had a history of injecting drug use (IDU) and heterosexual acquisition of HIV infection had increased significantly over time. Five years after delivery, 14% of mothers will have died and 18% progressed to AIDS. Results from two surveys of 55 centres in 1994 and 1997 to identify obstetric policies for HIV-infected women showed that zidovudine use to reduce vertical transmission has increased significantly since 1994. Of the 1123 children enrolled in the ECS by September 1996, 70% had always been cared for by their parent(s) in the first four years of life, but by age eight, an estimated 60% will have lived in alternative care. Maternal IDU, clinical status and single parenthood were the main reasons necessitating alternative care. The hospitalisation experience of 1189 children is presented, showing that infected children were four times more likely to be admitted to hospital than uninfected children of the same age. The final part of the thesis presents the results of two surveys carried out in 1996/7. A survey of service-providers in 15 paediatric HIV centres was carried out to document the provision and organisation of clinical and psycho-social services for HIV-affected families. Service provision was similar, despite national differences in medical and social infrastructure. A survey of 182 parents and carers of children affected by HIV attending the same centres showed that satisfaction with services varied by centre and according to respondent characteristics. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the implications for service development and future research.

Published
1997

33. A Method to Estimate the Size and Characteristics of HIV-positive Populations Using an Individual-based Stochastic Simulation Model

Author

SSOPHIE project working group in EuroCoord, Nakagawa, Fumiyo, van Sighem, Ard, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Smith, Colette, Ratmann, Oliver, Cambiano, Valentina, Albert, Jan, Amato-Gauci, Andrew, Bezemer, Daniela, Campbell, Colin, Commenges, Daniel, Donoghoe, Martin, Ford, Deborah, Kouyos, Roger, Lodwick, Rebecca, Lundgren, Jens, Pantazis, Nikos, Pharris, Anastasia, Quinten, Chantal, Thorne, Claire, Touloumi, Giota, Delpech, Valerie, and Phillips, Andrew

Published
2016

34. Immunological and virological response to antiretroviral treatment in migrant and native men and women in Western Europe; is benefit equal for all?

Author

Monge, S, Mocroft, A, Sabin, A, Touloumi, G, Sighem, A, Abgrall, S, Dray‐Spira, R, Spire, B, Castagna, A, Mussini, C, Zangerle, R, Hessamfar, M, Anderson, J, Hamouda, O, Ehren, K, Obel, N, Kirk, O, Antinori, A, Girardi, E, Saracino, A, Calmy, A, Wit, S, Wittkop, L, Bucher, C, Montoliu, A, Raben, D, Prins, M, Meyer, L, Chene, G, Burns, F, Amo, J, Judd, Ali, Zangerle, Robert, Touloumi, Giota, Warszawski, Josiane, Meyer, Laurence, Dabis, François, Krause, Murielle, Ghosn, Jade, Leport, Catherine, Wittkop, Linda, Reiss, Peter, Wit, Ferdinand, Prins, Maria, Bucher, Heiner, Gibb, Diana, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, Amo, Julia, Obel, Niels, Thorne, Claire, Mocroft, Amanda, Kirk, Ole, Stephan, Christoph, Pérez‐Hoyos, Santiago, Hamouda, Osamah, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Noguera‐Julian, Antoni, Antinori, Andrea, Monforte, Antonella, Brockmeyer, Norbert, Prieto, Luis, Conejo, Pablo, Soriano‐Arandes, Antoni, Battegay, Manuel, Kouyos, Roger, Mussini, Cristina, Tookey, Pat, Casabona, Jordi, Miró, JoseM, Castagna, Antonella, Konopnick, Deborah, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Sönnerborg, Anders, Torti, Carlo, Sabin, Caroline, Teira, Ramon, Garrido, Myriam, Haerry, David, Wit, Stéphane, Miró, Mª, Costagliola, Dominique, dʼArminio‐Monforte, Antonella, Castagna, Antonella, Amo, Julia, Mocroft, Amanda, Raben, Dorthe, Chêne, Geneviève, Judd, Ali, Conejo, Pablo, Barger, Diana, Schwimmer, Christine, Termote, Monique, Wittkop, Linda, Campbell, Maria, Frederiksen, Casper M, Friis‐Møller, Nina, Kjaer, Jesper, Raben, Dorthe, Brandt, Rikke, Berenguer, Juan, Bohlius, Julia, Bouteloup, Vincent, Bucher, Heiner, Cozzi‐Lepri, Alessandro, Dabis, François, Monforte, Antonella, Davies, Mary‐Anne, Amo, Julia, Dorrucci, Maria, Dunn, David, Egger, Matthias, Furrer, Hansjakob, Guiguet, Marguerite, Grabar, Sophie, Judd, Ali, Kirk, Ole, Lambotte, Olivier, Leroy, Valériane, Lodi, Sara, Matheron, Sophie, Meyer, Laurence, Miró, Jose, Mocroft, Amanda, Monge, Susana, Nakagawa, Fumiyo, Paredes, Roger, Phillips, Andrew, Puoti, Massimo, Rohner, Eliane, Schomaker, Michael, Smit, Colette, Sterne, Jonathan, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Thorne, Claire, Torti, Carlo, Valk, Marc, and Wittkop, Linda

Published
2018
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40. Safety of zidovudine/lamivudine scored tablets in children with HIV infection in Europe and Thailand

Author

Bailey, Heather, Thompson, Lindsay, Childs, Tristan, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Tostevin, Anna, Goodall, Ruth, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Spoulou, Vana, Galli, Luisa, Marczynska, Magda, Marques, Laura, Ene, Luminita, Samarina, Anna, Rosenberg, Vladimir, Dodonov, Konstantin, Okhonskaia, Liubov, Noguera Julian, Antoni, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Ramos Amador, Jose Tomas, Naver, Lars, Jourdain, Gonzague, Thorne, Claire, Giaquinto, Carlo, Judd, Ali, and The European Pregnancy and Paediatric HIV Cohort Collaboration (EPPICC) study group in EuroCoord

Published
2017
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41. Outcomes of second‐line antiretroviral therapy among children living with HIV: a global cohort analysis

Author

Patel, Kunjal, Smith, Colette, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Goodall, Ruth, Abrams, Elaine J., Sohn, Annette H., Mohamed, Thahira J., Van Dyke, Russell B., Rojo, Pablo, Wools?Kaloustian, Kara, Pinto, Jorge, Edmonds, Andrew, Marete, Irene, Paul, Mary, Nuwaqaba?Biribonwoha, Harriet, Leroy, Valériane, Davies, Mary?Ann, Vreeman, Rachel, Maxwell, Nicky, Timmerman, Venessa, Duff, Charlotte, Mofenson, Lynne, Bekker, Linda?Gail, Vicari, Marissa, Essajee, Shaffiq, Penazzato, Martina, Slogrove, Amy, Williams, Paige, Crichton, Siobhan, Seage, George, Thahane, Lineo, Kazembe, Peter N., Lukhele, Bhekumusa, Mwita, Lumumba, Kekitiinwa?Rukyalekere, Adeodata, Wanless, Sebastian, Matshaba, Mogomotsi S., Goetghebuer, Tessa, Thorne, Claire, Warszawski, Josiane, Galli, Luisa, Geelen, Sybil, Gibb, Diana M., Giaquinto, Carlo, Marczynska, Magdalena, Marques, Laura, Prata, Filipa, Ene, Luminita, Okhonskaia, Liubov, Noguera?Julian, Antoni, Naver, Lars, Rudin, Christoph, Jourdain, Gonzague, Judd, Ali, Volokha, Alla, Rouzier, Vanessa, Succi, Regina, Kariminia, Azar, Yotebieng, Marcel, Lelo, Patricia, Lyamuya, Rita, Oyaro, Patrick, Boulle, Andrew, Malisita, Kennedy, Fatti, Geoffrey, Haas, Andreas D., Desmonde, Sophie, Dicko, Fatoumata, Abzug, Mark J., Purswani, Murli, Van Dyke, Russell, Chadwick, Ellen, Abrams, Elaine, Teasdale, Chloe, and Nuwagaba, Harriet

Subjects
HIV infection in children -- Statistics -- Drug therapy -- Patient outcomes, Highly active antiretroviral therapy -- Patient outcomes -- Statistics, Pediatric research, Health
Abstract

: Introduction: Limited data describe outcomes on second‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) among children globally. Our objective was to contribute data on outcomes among children living with HIV after initiation of second‐line ART in the context of routine care within a large global cohort collaboration. Methods: Patient‐level data from 1993 through 2015 from 11 paediatric HIV cohorts were pooled. Characteristics at switch and through two years of follow‐up were summarized for children who switched to second‐line ART after starting a standard first‐line regimen in North America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Southern Africa (South Africa & Botswana) and the rest of sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA). Cumulative incidences of mortality and loss to follow‐up (LTFU) were estimated using a competing risks framework. Results: Of the 85,389 children on first‐line ART, 3,555 (4%) switched to second‐line after a median of 2.8 years on ART (IQR: 1.6, 4.7); 69% were from Southern Africa or SSA and 86% of second‐line regimens were protease inhibitor‐based. At switch, median age was 8.4 years and 50% had a prior AIDS diagnosis. Median follow‐up after switch to second‐line ranged from 1.8 years in SSA to 5.3 years in North America. Median CD4 counts at switch to second‐line ranged from 235 cells/mm[sup.3] in SSA to 828 cells/mm[sup.3] in North America. Improvements in CD4 counts were observed over two years of follow‐up, particularly in regions with lower CD4 counts at second‐line switch. Improvements in weight‐for‐age z‐scores were not observed during follow‐up. Cumulative incidence of LTFU at two years was Conclusions: Children switched to second‐line ART experience CD4 count increases as well as low to moderate rates of LTFU and mortality within two years after switch. Severe immune deficiency at time of switch in some settings suggests need for improved recognition and management of treatment failure in children., Introduction In 2018, there were an estimated 1.7 million children living with HIV globally and 160,000 new paediatric infections [1]. With the recommendation for immediate antiretroviral therapy (ART) [2], substantial [...]

Published
2020
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42. Higher rates of triple‐class virological failure in perinatally HIV‐infected teenagers compared with heterosexually infected young adults in Europe

Author

Judd, A, Lodwick, R, NogueraJulian, A, Gibb, DM, Butler, K, Costagliola, D, Sabin, C, van Sighem, A, Ledergerber, B, Torti, C, Mocroft, A, Podzamczer, D, Dorrucci, M, De Wit, S, Obel, N, Dabis, F, CozziLepri, A, García, F, Brockmeyer, NH, Warszawski, J, GonzalezTome, MI, Mussini, C, Touloumi, G, Zangerle, R, Ghosn, J, Castagna, A, Fätkenheuer, G, Stephan, C, Meyer, L, Campbell, MA, Chene, G, Phillips, A, Mary Krause, Murielle, Leport, Catherine, Wittkop, Linda, Reiss, Peter, Wit, Ferdinand, Prins, Maria, Bucher, Heiner, Gibb, Diana, Amo, Julia Del, Thorne, Claire, Kirk, Ole, PérezHoyos, Santiago, Hamouda, Osamah, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Antinori, Andrea, Monforte, Antonella dʼArminio, Prieto, Luis, Rojo, Pablo, SorianoArandes, Antoni, Battegay, Manuel, Kouyos, Roger, Tookey, Pat, Casabona, Jordi, Miró, Jose M., Konopnick, Deborah, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Sönnerborg, Anders, Teira, Ramon, Garrido, Myriam, Haerry, David, Raben, Dorthe, Chêne, Geneviève, Barger, Diana, Schwimmer, Christine, Termote, Monique, Frederiksen, Casper M., FriisMøller, Nina, Kjaer, Jesper, Salbøl Brandt, Rikke, Berenguer, Juan, Bohlius, Julia, Bouteloup, Vincent, Davies, MaryAnne, Dunn, David, Egger, Matthias, Furrer, Hansjakob, Guiguet, Marguerite, Grabar, Sophie, Lambotte, Olivier, Leroy, Valériane, Lodi, Sara, Matheron, Sophie, Monge, Susana, Nakagawa, Fumiyo, Paredes, Roger, Puoti, Massimo, Schomaker, Michael, Smit, Colette, Sterne, Jonathan, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Thorne, Claire, van der Valk, Marc, and Wyss, Natasha

Published
2017
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45. HIV incidence in the Estonian population in 2013 determined using the HIV‐1 limiting antigen avidity assay

Author

Soodla, P, Simmons, R, Huik, K, Pauskar, M, Jõgeda, E‐L, Rajasaar, H, Kallaste, E, Maimets, M, Avi, R, Murphy, G, Porter, K, Lutsar, I, Del Amo, Julia, Meyer, Laurence, Bucher, Heiner C., Chêne, Geneviève, Hamouda, Osamah, Pillay, Deenan, Prins, Maria, Rosinska, Magda, Sabin, Caroline, Touloumi, Giota, Olson, Ashley, Cartier, Andrea, Fradette, Lorraine, Walker, Sarah, Babiker, Abdel, De Luca, Andrea, Fisher, Martin, Muga, Roberto, Kelleher, Tony, Cooper, David, Grey, Pat, Finlayson, Robert, Bloch, Mark, Ramacciotti, Tim, Gelgor, Linda, Smith, Don, Zangerle, Robert, Gill, John, Dabis, Francois, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Costagliola, Dominique, Guiguet, Marguerite, Vanhems, Philippe, Chaix, Marie‐Laure, Ghosn, Jade, Boufassa, Faroudy, Meixenberger, Karolin, Bannert, Norbert, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Antoniadou, Anastasia, Chrysos, Georgios, Daikos, Georgios L., Pantazis, Nikos, Katsarou, Olga, Rezza, Giovanni, Dorrucci, Maria, Monforte, Antonella dʼArminio, Geskus, Ronald, van der Helm, Jannie, Schuitemaker, Hanneke, Sannes, Mette, Brubakk, Oddbjorn, Kran, Anne‐Marte Bakken, Rosinska, Magdalena, Tor, Jordi, de Olalla, Patricia Garcia, Cayla, Joan, Moreno, Santiago, Monge, Susana, del Romero, Jorge, Pérez‐Hoyos, Santiago, Sönnerborg, Anders, Günthard, Huldrych, Scherrer, Alexandra, Malyuta, Ruslan, Johnson, Anne, Phillips, Andrew, Morrison, Charles, Price, Matt A., Giaquinto, Carlo, Grarup, Jesper, Kirk, Ole, Bailey, Heather, Volny Anne, Alain, Panteleev, Alex, Thorne, Claire, Aboulker, Jean‐Pierre, Albert, Jan, Asandi, Silvia, De Wit, Stéphane, Reiss, Peter, Gatell, José, Karpov, Igor, Ledergerber, Bruno, Møller, Claus, Rakhmanova, Aza, Rockstroh, Jürgen, Sandhu, Manjinder, Dedes, Nikos, Pizzuti, David, Faggion, Silvia, Raben, Dorthe, Schwimmer, Christine, and Scott, Martin

Published
2018
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46. Gestational diabetes in women living with HIV in the UK and Ireland: insights from population‐based surveillance data.

Author

Bukasa, Laurette L., Cortina‐Borja, Mario, Peters, Helen, Taylor, Graham P., and Thorne, Claire

Subjects
HIV-positive women, GESTATIONAL diabetes, BLACK Africans, MATERNAL age, PREMATURE labor, FETAL macrosomia
Abstract

Introduction: The prevalence of gestational diabetes (GD) is increasing globally. While universal risk factors for GD are reasonably well understood, questions remain regarding risks for women living with HIV (WLWH). We aimed to describe GD prevalence, evaluate associated maternal risk factors and assess specific birth outcomes in WLWH in the UK and Ireland. Methods: We analysed all pregnancies (≥24 weeks' gestation) in women diagnosed with HIV before delivery, reported to the UK‐based Integrated Screening Outcomes Surveillance Service between 2010 and 2020. Every report of GD was considered as a case. A multivariable logistic regression model, adjusted for women with more than one pregnancy fitted with generalized estimating equations (GEE) assessed the effect of independent risk factors. Results: There were 10,553 pregnancies in 7916 women, of which 460 (4.72%) pregnancies had reported GD. Overall, the median maternal age was 33 years (Q1:29–Q3:37), and 73% of pregnancies were in Black African women. WLWH with GD (WLWH‐GD) were older (61% vs. 41% aged ≥35 years, p < 0.001) and more likely to be on treatment at conception (74% vs. 64%, p < 0.001) than women without GD. WLWH‐GD were more likely to have a stillbirth (odds ratio [OR]: 5.38, 95% CI: 2.14–13.5), preterm delivery (OR: 2.54, 95% CI: 1.95–3.32) and fetal macrosomia (OR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.04–1.24). Independent risk factors for GD included estimated year of delivery (GEE‐adjusted odds ratio [GEE‐aOR]: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.10–1.18), advanced maternal age (≥35 years) (GEE‐aOR: 2.87, 95% CI: 1.54–5.34), Asian (GEE‐aOR: 2.63, 95% CI: 1.40–4.63) and Black African (GEE‐aOR: 1.55, 95% CI: 1.13–2.12) ethnicity. Timing and type of antiretroviral therapy showed no evidence of a relationship with GD in multivariable analyses; however, women with a CD4 count ≤350 cells/μl were 27% less likely to have GD than women with CD4 counts >350 cells/μl (GEE‐aOR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.50–0.96). Conclusions: GD prevalence increased over time among WLWH but was not significantly different from the general population. Maternal age, ethnicity and CD4 count were risk factors based on available data. Stillbirth and preterm delivery were more common in WLWH‐GD than other WLWH over the study period. Further studies are required to build upon these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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47. Spontaneous Clearance of Vertically Acquired Hepatitis C Infection: Implications for Testing and Treatment.

Author

Ades, A E, Gordon, Fabiana, Scott, Karen, Collins, Intira Jeannie, Thorne, Claire, Pembrey, Lucy, Chappell, Elizabeth, Mariné-Barjoan, Eugènia, Butler, Karina, Indolfi, Giuseppe, Gibb, Diana M, and Judd, Ali

Subjects
HEPATITIS C risk factors, RNA virus infections, HEPATITIS C, MEDICAL screening, RISK assessment, DESCRIPTIVE statistics, RESEARCH funding, VERTICAL transmission (Communicable diseases), LONGITUDINAL method, CHILDREN
Abstract

Background Current guidelines recommend that infants born to women with hepatitis C virus (HCV) viremia be screened for HCV antibody at age 18 months and, if positive, referred for RNA testing at 3 years to confirm chronic infection. This policy is based, in part, on analyses that suggest that 25%–40% of vertically acquired HCV infections clear spontaneously within 4–5 years. Methods Data on 179 infants with HCV RNA and/or anti-HCV evidence of vertically acquired infection in 3 prospective European cohorts were investigated. Ages at clearance of infection were estimated taking account of interval censoring and delayed entry. We also investigated clearance in initially HCV RNA–negative infants in whom RNA was not detectable until after 6 weeks. Results Clearance rates were initially high then declined slowly. Apparently, many infections clear before they can be confirmed. An estimated 65.9% (95% credible interval [CrI], 50.1–81.6) of confirmed infections cleared by 5 years, at a median 12.4 (CrI, 7.1–18.9) months. If treatment were to begin at age 6 months, 18 months, or 3 years, at least 59.0% (CrI, 42.0–76.9), 39.7% (CrI, 17.9–65.9), and 20.9% (CrI, 4.6–44.8) of those treated would clear without treatment. In 7 (6.6%) confirmed infections, RNA was not detectable until after 6 weeks and not until after 6 months in 2 (1.9%). However, all such cases subsequently cleared. Conclusions Most confirmed infection cleared by age 3 years. Treatment before age 3, if it was available, would avoid loss to follow-up but would result in substantial overtreatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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49. Improved darunavir genotypic mutation score predicting treatment response for patients infected with HIV-1 subtype B and non-subtype B receiving a salvage regimen

Author

De Luca, Andrea, Flandre, Philippe, Dunn, David, Zazzi, Maurizio, Wensing, Annemarie, Santoro, Maria Mercedes, Günthard, Huldrych F., Wittkop, Linda, Kordossis, Theodoros, Garcia, Federico, Castagna, Antonella, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Churchill, Duncan, De Wit, Stéphane, Brockmeyer, Norbert H., Imaz, Arkaitz, Mussini, Cristina, Obel, Niels, Perno, Carlo Federico, Roca, Bernardino, Reiss, Peter, Schülter, Eugen, Torti, Carlo, van Sighem, Ard, Zangerle, Robert, Descamps, Diane, De Luca, Andrea, Flandre, Philippe, Descamps, Diane, Castagna, Antonella, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Churchill, Duncan, Dunn, David, De Wit, Stéphane, Brockmeyer, Norbert H., Garcia, Federico, Imaz, Arkaitz, Kordossis, Theodoros, Mussini, Cristina, Obel, Niels, Roca, Bernardino, Torti, Carlo, van Sighem, Ard, Wensing, Annemarie, Zangerle, Robert, Wittkop, Linda, Reiss, Peter, Ceccherini-Silberstein, Francesca, Santoro, Maria Mercedes, Perno, Carlo Federico, Günthard, Huldrych, Schülter, Eugen, Zazzi, Maurizio, Wittkop, Linda, Descamps, Diane, Zangerle, Robert, Touloumi, Giota, Warszawski, Josiane, Meyer, Laurence, Dabis, François, Krause, Murielle Mary, Ghosn, Jade, Leport, Catherine, Wittkop, Linda, Reiss, Peter, Wit, Ferdinand, Prins, Maria, Bucher, Heiner, Gibb, Diana, Fätkenheuer, Gerd, del Amo, Julia, Obel, Niels, Thorne, Claire, Mocroft, Amanda, Kirk, Ole, Stephan, Christoph, Pérez-Hoyos, Santiago, Hamouda, Osamah, Bartmeyer, Barbara, Chkhartishvili, Nikoloz, Noguera-Julian, Antoni, Antinori, Andrea, Monforte, Antonella dʼArminio, Brockmeyer, Norbert, Prieto, Luis, Conejo, Pablo Rojo, Soriano-Arandes, Antoni, Battegay, Manuel, Kouyos, Roger, Mussini, Cristina, Tookey, Pat, Casabona, Jordi, Miró, Jose M., Castagna, Antonella, Konopnick, Deborah, Goetghebuer, Tessa, Sönnerborg, Anders, Torti, Carlo, Sabin, Caroline, Teira, Ramon, Garrido, Myriam, Haerry, David, de Wit, Stéphane, Miró, Jose M., Costagliola, Dominique, dʼArminio-Monforte, Antonella, Castagna, Antonella, del Amo, Julia, Mocroft, Amanda, Raben, Dorthe, Chêne, Geneviève, Judd, Ali, Conejo, Pablo Rojo, Barger, Diana, Schwimmer, Christine, Termote, Monique, Wittkop, Linda, Campbell, Maria, Frederiksen, Casper M., Friis-Møller, Nina, Kjaer, Jesper, Raben, Dorthe, Brandt, Rikke Salbøl, Berenguer, Juan, Bohlius, Julia, Bouteloup, Vincent, Bucher, Heiner, Cozzi-Lepri, Alessandro, Dabis, François, Monforte, Antonella dʼArminio, Davies, Mary-Anne, del Amo, Julia, Dorrucci, Maria, Dunn, David, Egger, Matthias, Furrer, Hansjakob, Guiguet, Marguerite, Grabar, Sophie, Judd, Ali, Kirk, Ole, Lambotte, Olivier, Leroy, Valériane, Lodi, Sara, Matheron, Sophie, Meyer, Laurence, Miró, Jose M., Mocroft, Amanda, Monge, Susana, Nakagawa, Fumiyo, Paredes, Roger, Phillips, Andrew, Puoti, Massimo, Schomaker, Michael, Smit, Colette, Sterne, Jonathan, Thiebaut, Rodolphe, Thorne, Claire, Torti, Carlo, van der Valk, Marc, Wittkop, Linda, Wyss, Natasha, Aubert, V., Battegay, M., Bernasconi, E., Böni, J., Bucher, H. C., Burton-Jeangros, C., Calmy, A., Cavassini, M., Dollenmaier, G., Egger, M., Elzi, L., Fehr, J., Fellay, J., Furrer, H., Fux, C. A., Gorgievski, M., Günthard, H., Haerry, D., Hasse, B., Hirsch, H. H., Hoffmann, M., Hösli, I., Kahlert, C., Kaiser, L., Keiser, O., Klimkait, T., Kouyos, R., Kovari, H., Ledergerber, B., Martinetti, G., de Tejada, B. Martinez, Metzner, K., Müller, N., Nadal, D., Nicca, D., Pantaleo, G., Rauch, A., Regenass, S., Rickenbach, M., Rudin, C., Schöni-Affolter, F., Schmid, P., Schüpbach, J., Speck, R., Tarr, P., Telenti, A., Trkola, A., Vernazza, P., Weber, R., and Yerly, S.

Published
2016
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