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Summary This study compared the monogeneans community in C. monoculus from the Tapajós River (state of Pará) and Jari River (state of Amapá), northern Brazil. A total of 2188 monogeneans belonging to eight taxa were collected from the gills of fish: Gussevia arilla, Gussevia longihaptor, Gussevia tucunarense, Gussevia undulata, Sciadicleithrum ergensi, Sciadicleithrum umbilicum, Sciadicleithrum uncinatum and Tucunarella cichlae. Gussevia arilla was the dominant species for C. monoculus from the Tapajós River basin, while S. umbilicum predominated among the hosts from the Jari River basin. For the two populations of C. monoculus, the prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of monogeneans were different and the of parasites community had a high qualitative similarity (87.5 %). The monogeneans community of C. monoculus was characterized by high species richness, with infection values varying from low to moderate. The geographic distance and differences in environmental characteristics arising from the same did not influence the richness of species of monogeneans infesting C. monoculus in the Tapajós and Jari rivers, but appear to have been determinants in the differences observed in the structure of the monogenean communities in each region.

Tropical ecosystems are undergoing unprecedented rates of degradation from deforestation, fire, and drought disturbances. The collective effects of these disturbances threaten to shift large portions of tropical ecosystems such as Amazon forests into savanna like structure via tree loss, functional changes, and the emergence of fire (savannization). Changes from forest states to a more open savanna like structure can affect local microclimates, surface energy fluxes, and biosphere?atmosphere interactions. A predominant type of ecosystem state change is the loss of tree cover and structural complexity in disturbed forest. Although important advances have been made contrasting energy fluxes between historically distinct old growth forest and savanna systems, the emergence of secondary forests and savanna like ecosystems necessitates a reframing to consider gradients of tree structure that span forest to savanna like states at multiple scales. In this Innovative Viewpoint, we draw from the literature on forest?grassland continua to develop a framework to assess the consequences of tropical forest degradation on surface energy fluxes and canopy structure. We illustrate this framework for forest sites with contrasting canopy structure that ranges from simple, open, and savanna like to complex and closed, representative of tropical wet forest, within two climatically distinct regions in the Amazon. Using a recently developed rapid field assessment approach, we quantify differences in cover, leaf area vertical profiles, surface roughness, albedo, and energy balance partitioning between adjacent sites and compare canopy structure with adjacent old growth forest; more structurally simple forests displayed lower net radiation. To address forest?atmosphere feedback, we also consider the effects of canopy structure change on susceptibility to additional future disturbance. We illustrate a converse transition?recovery in structure following disturbance?measuring forest canopy structure 10 yr after the imposition of a drought in the ground breaking Seca Floresta experiment. Our approach strategically enables rapid characterization of surface properties relevant to vegetation models following degradation, and advances links between surface properties and canopy structure variables, increasingly available from remote sensing. Concluding, we hypothesize that understanding surface energy balance and microclimate change across degraded tropical forest states not only reveals critical atmospheric forcing, but also critical local scale feedbacks from forest sensitivity to additional climate linked disturbance. Made available in DSpace on 2020-09-19T04:39:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ecs2.3231.pdf: 3963092 bytes, checksum: 329e8870eaaa97ac7d4cf9924dd44480 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The present study investigated the occurrence of metacercariae of Ithyoclinostomum dimorphum in Hoplias malabaricus in the basin of the São Francisco River in the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil). Twenty-nine fi sh were examined in June 2012 during a survey of fi sh and parasitic fauna. Of the fish examined, 34.5 % had infected eyes, intestine and musculature, with a mean intensity of 1.1 and an abundance of 0.4 per fi sh. The prevalence in the intestine was 31.0 %, with mean intensity of 1.1 and mean abundance of 0.3. In the eyes, the prevalence was 3.4 %, with a mean intensity of 1.0 and mean abundance of 1.0. The metacercaria found in the right eyeball was lodged between the cornea and iris. The low parasitism did not affect the condition factor (Kn) of the parasitized fi sh. This was the fi rst report of I. dimorphum in the eyes of Hoplias malabaricus, a secondary intermediate host for this endoparasite. Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-12T23:29:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2018Ithyoclinostomusdimorphum.pdf: 1633845 bytes, checksum: 4b5a2f8169a7b4e7121ba98b6e36fbec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-10

This research estimated litter production and analyzed its relation to environmental variables such as maximum temperature, insolation, and rainfall. The study was conducted on a 300 × 300 m experiment as part of the project titled mapping of native Brazil nut stands and socio-environmental and economic characterization of Brazil nut production systems (MapCast), in the Tapajós National Forest (FLONA Tapajós). Every 30 days for one full year (August 2015 to July 2016), litterfall was collected and stored in a laboratory. After drying, the material was separated into leaves, wood, flowers and fruits, and miscellaneous and weighed. Statistical tests conducted were Shapiro-Wilk (5%), Principal coordinate analysis, t-test, Pearson?s linear correlation, cross-correlation, and canonical redundancy analysis. Rainfall and temperature data were inferior and superior, respectively, to normal climate conditions in the region, and data for solar insolation had an abnormal pattern compared to normal climate conditions. Leaf production varied between 169.9 and 965.6 kg ha-1 month-1, and that of wood between 26.7 and 501.3 kg ha-1 month-1, while that for flowers and fruit varied from 0.6 to 19.6 kg ha-1 month-1. The greatest leaf production was measured during the months with the lowest amount of rainfall and highest temperatures, and variation in leaf production and total litterfall was partially explained by temperature and insolation. Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-07T23:36:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 QUEZIAETALAJAR2018.pdf: 1413271 bytes, checksum: 50143c256223e6e324c90e02b20ee0bc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-07 Article Number: 1A6396E55865.

The present study investigated the fauna of metazoan parasites of a Geophagus proximus population from the lower Tapajós River, in the state of Pará, northern Brazil. A total of 137 monogeneans were collected from the gills of G. proximus , including Sciadicleithrum kritskyi , Sciadicleithrum paranaensis and Sciadicleithrum geophagi , while 119 Raphidascaris (Sprentascaris ) lanfrediae nematodes and 28 metacercariaes of digenea undetermined were collected from the intestine. Hosts harboring four species of parasites were predominant. The parasites had an aggregated dispersion pattern. The present study represents the first record of S. geophagi parasitizing G. proximus , increasing the geographic distribution of these parasite species to the Tapajós River basin. Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T16:04:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2017MetazoanparasitesofGeophagus.pdf: 2627868 bytes, checksum: 867c6fbb3ea8b35ccf1160f02dfd2c40 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-10

The aim of this study was to evaluate feed intake, digestibility, nitrogen balance, water balance, and performance of lambs fed diets containing old man saltbush hay associated with a concentrate. Thirtytwo castrated feedlot Santa Inês lambs at approximately eight months of age, with 22 ± 1.97 kg body weight, were distributed into a completely randomized experimental design. Acid detergent fiber intake increased (P < 0.05), whereas non-fibrous carbohydrates intake decreased (P < 0.01). Inclusion of old man saltbush in the diet reduced (P < 0.01) the digestibility of dry and organic matter, neutral and acid detergent fiber, and non-fibrous arbohydrates. The intakes of digestible dry and organic matter, ether extract, total carbohydrates, and digestible non-fibrous carbohydrates also decreased (P < 0.01). Inclusion of old man saltbush did not influence water consumption from the trough by the sheep, averaging 4327.20 mL/day?1. Body weight at slaughter and daily weight gain decreased linearly (P

A castanha-do-brasil é considerada uma das árvores mais nobres do bioma Amazônia e contém ecossistemas e importância econômica para esta região. O estudo da variância espacial das propriedades edáficas em árvores nativas podem direcionar pesquisas futuras sobre amostragens mais eficientes. A geostatística é a metodologia utilizada para este tipo de estudo, uma vez que considera as características estruturais e aleatórias de uma variável espacialmente distribuída. Este trabalho buscou obter um maior conhecimento sobre a distribuição dos nutrientes no solo, verificando a relação com a ocorrência desta espécie, desse modo, fornecer subsídios para o futuro manejo florestal e manutenção / ampliação do produtividade nessas áreas. As amostras de solo foram coletadas a partir de 30 × 30 m na linha, em todas as linhas em parte do estudo, totalizando 60 amostras. Todos os pontos foram georreferenciados. A preparação do amostras para o preparo da amostra para a análise química e os métodos e cálculos para determinação das variáveis ​​físico-químicas estudadas foram descritos por Nogueira e Souza (2005). As análises estatística e geoestatística foram realizadas no ambiente computacional R, versão 3.2.2. A maioria das variáveis ​​estudadas apresentou nível definido. Para as variáveis ​​físicas, houve predomínio do ajuste ao modelo do variograma gaussiano, seguidor pelo modelo esférico. No caso das variáveis ​​químicas, houve duas ocorrências para cada modelo de ajuste (esférico, exponencial e gaussiano). As variáveis ​​que melhor apresentaram relação espacial com o ocorrência de árvores de castanha do Brasil foram o lodo, argila, macroporosidade, pH, fósforo, zinco e cobre. The Brazil nut is considered one of the noblest trees of the Amazon biome and contains social, ecologic and economic importance to this region. The study of the spatial variance of the edaphic properties in native nut trees can direct future researches about more efficient samplings. The Geostatistics is the methodology utilized for this type of study, once that it considers the structural and random characteristics of a variable spatially distributed. This work sought to get a higher knowledge about the distribution of the nutrients in the soil, verifying the relationship with the occurrence of this species, to thereby provide subsidies to future forest management and maintenance/enlargement of the productivity in these areas. The soil samples were collected from 30 × 30 m on the line, in all of the lines in part of the study, totaling 60 samples. All of the points were georeferenced. The preparation of the samples for the sample preparation for the chemical analysis and the methods and calculations to determine the physicochemical variables studied were described by Nogueira and Souza (2005). The statistical and geostatistical analysis were conducted using the R computational environment, version 3.2.2. Most of the studied variables presented defined level. For the physical variables, there was predominance of the adjustment to the model of the gaussian variogram, follower by the spherical model. In the case of the chemical variables, there were two occurrences for each adjustment model (spherical, exponential and gaussian). The variables that best presented spatial relation with the occurrence of Brazil nut trees were the silt, clay, macroporosity, pH, phosphorus, zinc and copper.

This paper records the first occurrence of Epistylis sp. on the body surface of Argulus sp. parasitizing Hoplias aimara from the upper Araguari River, in the eastern Amazon region, in the north of Brazil. Of the 16 specimens of H. aimara examined, 93.7% had their pelvic, caudal and pectoral fins and tegument infested by Argulus sp. (n = 73), which in turn were infested by Epistylis sp. The specimens of Epistylis sp. from the body surface of Argulus sp. were analyzed using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The present study also identified a widening of the geographic distribution of these two species of ectoparasites to the eastern Amazon region of Brazil.

Tapajos National Forest had their first cutting cycle conducted in 1979 and since then the area has been monitored through forest inventories. In this period there have been changes in floristic composition, with Protium apiculatum Swart being among the most abundant and frequent species, however, there are no studies of its wood’s technological characteristics. Thus, the study aimed to characterize anatomically five trees of that species. To this end, wooden disks were collected at a two meters height from each individual, from where we withdrew material for macroscopic and microscopic analysis. Through the results, it was noted that the anatomical characters of Protium apiculatum Swart are consistent with other species of its genus, and there is variation among the trees studied

International audience

International audience

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:40:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-01-01 Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen frequently isolated from outbreaks with higher mortality rates in tropical farms, causing disease in pacus Piaractus mesopotamicus. The objective of this study was to obtain a purified polyclonal immunoglobulin Y (IgY) by immunizing laying White Leghorn hens with A. hydrophila. Antibodies anti-A. hydrophila derived from the yolks and serum of hens showed antibody titres increased at 60 days and remained detectable until 90 days after immunization. Pacus were challenged intraperitoneally with A. hydrophila and the capacity of antibodies to detect A. hydrophila was tested by immunohistochemistry using tissues from pacus. The results observed in this study demonstrated the utility of IgY for the diagnosis of A. hydrophila within the phagosomes of phagocytes and extracellular bacteria colonizing host tissues in pacus. Center for Toxins Immune Response and Cell Signaling Butantan Institute Department of Postgraduate in Health Sciences-PROCISA Federal University of Roraima (UFRR) Institute of Biodiversity and Forests Federal University of Western Pará UFOPA Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal Department of Pathology Theriogenology and One Health Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) Postgraduated Program in Aquaculture/Aquaculture Center São Paulo State University (UNESP) Jaboticabal Department of Pathology Theriogenology and One Health Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The Brazilian Amazon has a large bovine herd and is an important exporter of meat from cattle and is also one of the most competitive regions for exportation of animal protein. Conventional extensive cattle ranching management has been a strategy promoted by public policies and has contributed to the processes of occupation of the region through modification of public lands with native forests. The objective of this study was to analyze the fundamental elements that have sustained conventional extensive cattle ranching in the Amazon and to demonstrate new strategies to change this paradigm, with a focus on western Pará. Data from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) on cattle ranching production between 1990 and 2019 were analyzed and separated into two periods, 1990-2000, and 2001-2019. Meteorological data from western Pará were analyzed to describe the agrometeorological conditions (1989 -2012) with respect to the hydrological regime and its controls on the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Results show that the largest greenhouse gas emissions (GGE) from ruminants occurs during the dry season due to pasture forage grasses that are highly lignified. In contrast, lower emissions occur from diets rich in proteins and lipids, with subsequent gains in productivity, thus indicating the benefits of pastures with well-managed grasses. It is believed that cattle ranchers will adopt integrated systems such as integration of crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) when they are able to understand that climate conditions can be allied with sustainability indicators of the production chain. This paradigm shift in production systems applies not only to environmental and economic aspects, but especially to social ones such as opportunities to hire qualified workers coming from regional agrarian science schools. EMBRAPA Eastern Amazon NAPT Middle Amazon São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences Professor University of the Amazon-(UNAMA) EMBRAPA Cerrados Federal Institute of Amapá Municipal Secretariat of Belém SEMEC Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of South of MinasGerais IFSULDEMINAS Campus of Muzambinho University of the Amazon-(UNAMA) EMBRAPA Rondônia São Paulo State University (Unesp) School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:50:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 Biomass residues originated from agroforestry systems has been demonstrating great usage potential for the pharmaceutical, textile and energy industries. In the Amazon region, the use of these materials can stimulate the sustainable economic development of extractive communities and agroforestry systems. However, for a better use of this material, it is necessary to quantify and qualify the chemical components present in these residues. Keeping that in mind, our research aimed to quantify the presence of condensed and hydrolysable tannins, and to chemically and energetically characterize the Bertholletia excelsa and Lecythis pisonis’ fruit residues, with the intent to assess the usage potential for this biomass resource in different industries. The studied material was collected from local extractives and merchants. Tannin quantification was performed through thin layer chromatography (TLC) method and the total values of extractives, lignin and holocellulose were also quantified. The energy potential was determined by the variables of apparent density, gravimetric yield, superior calorific power and charcoal’s immediate chemistry (the charcoal was produced at 450 ºC). The associations between variables were determined by a linear correlation. The TLC for condensed tannin was positive for B. excelsa. As for the TLC of hydrolysable tannins, the results were negative for both mate-rials. The high levels of lignin and extractives in fruit’s residues of both species demonstrate the energy po-tential of this material. Our results may favor the use of B. excelsa’s residues for the production of polymers and adhesives, as well as other non-wood residues with high content of lignin, fixed carbon and calorific power in energetic products. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Tecnologia da Madeira CTM/UFLA, Pc Prof. Edmir Sa Santos s/n, Minas Gerais Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará LTM/UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz s/n, Pará Universidade Estadual Paulista Dep. Ciência Florestal, Rua Dr. Jose Barbosa de Barros s/n, Jd. Paraí-so, São Paulo Universidade Estadual Paulista Dep. Ciência Florestal, Rua Dr. Jose Barbosa de Barros s/n, Jd. Paraí-so, São Paulo

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:54:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The objective of the present study was to evaluate the action of benzocaine and eugenol over anesthesia stages and the use of three anticoagulants (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid, sodium citrate, and sodium heparin) over hematological and biochemical parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility in tambaquis Colossoma macropomum. For that, fish were distributed into two experimental groups: G1: fish anesthetized with benzocaine and G2: fish anesthetized with eugenol. Induction and recovery times of anesthesia were evaluated and blood samples with different anticoagulants were collected for hematological and biochemical analysis and osmotic erythrocyte osmotic fragility. Fish anesthetized with eugenol showed a longer period of anesthesia, shorter induction time, and longer recovery time. In addition, fish anesthetized with benzocaine by using sodium citrate showed leukopenia and lymphopenia and morphological alterations when compared to the other anticoagulants. Furthermore, fish anesthetized with eugenol by using sodium citrate showed significantly lower values (P < 0.05) of hematocrit and hemoglobin when compared to other anticoagulants and there were significant differences in erythrocyte osmotic fragility between anticoagulants in fish anesthetized with eugenol. The results observed in this study indicate that eugenol is a good alternative as anesthetics for tambaquis when compared to benzocaine because of its rapid anesthesia induction and few alterations in blood parameters. In addition, the use of EDTA facilitates the erythrocyte conservation and cause few blood alterations compared to other anticoagulants. Institute of Biodiversity and Forests Federal University of Western Pará UFOPA, Rua Vera Paz, s/n (Unidade Tapajós) Laboratory Multiple for the Production of Aquatic Organisms LAMPOA Federal University of Western Pará UFOPA Institute of Agricultural Sciences Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys Aquaculture Center of UNESP Caunesp, Jaboticabal Aquaculture Center of UNESP Caunesp, Jaboticabal

International audience; Beyond reducing deforestation, the control of forest degradation, the promotion of forest restoration, and the improvement of agricultural practices in the Brazilian Amazon are becoming increasingly important for sustainable development. To enable farmers and authorities to organize their landscapes and optimize both agricultural practices and the provision of ecosystem services, mapping land suitability is essential, but it is lacking in the region. In this paper, we present a method for mapping land suitability at a fine scale (30-m pixels), adapted to the needs of farmers and municipalities, to not only optimize agricultural production but also the ecosystem services provided by forests. We used topographic data from the Brazilian municipality of Paragominas to produce four maps, one each of soil texture, slope, floodplains, and hydrography, that we then combined into a single land suitability map. This map has been incorporated into a spatial database, which also contains information on land use, remoteness, and land tenure. We performed spatial analyses to measure the process of land use change, and to define indicators that enable local stakeholders to organize landscape restoration. We highlight an organic link between agricultural intensification and forest restoration, and provide a spatial tool for landscape design, assessment, and monitoring.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:20:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-01-01 The Tapajós river is among the largest rivers in the world and has been credited as the main affluent of the lower Amazon River. Geomorphological studies in the Tapajós commonly deal with evolutionary, hydrological, and sedimentological issues. Recently, important advances have been made in understanding the morphology and dynamics in the Tapajós, especially in the confluence zone near Santarém, eastern Amazonian Brazil. However, the lack of an independent channel classification system makes it difficult to integrate data obtained from different sources. This work presents a classification system for the lower Tapajós based on morphometric variables extracted from transversal profiles coupled with radar and optical remote sensing data. We used discriminant analysis of principal components for the first time in fluvial geomorphology to provide a clustering-based geomorphological classification, which is statistically supported. We propose a segmentation of the channel into three distinct sections referred to as narrower channel reach, higher ria reach, and lower ria reach. The results showed that the channel has a distinct morphological pattern in each of these reaches, which can also be observed by the variation along the longitudinal profile. Our findings showed that the most variable hydrological and sedimentological patterns are found in the lower ria reach, while the higher ria reach comprises a canyon-shaped, more stable part of the channel. We discuss the implications of this pattern on the ria’s evolution. The method developed here could be applied to other areas of the Amazon basin, where the lack of data and logistical difficulties carrying out fieldwork are common obstacles to large-scale investigations. The identified reaches are indended to be considered in the sample design of future works and in the formulation of water resources management strategies. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará – UFOPA Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP Universidade Estadual Paulista – UNESP

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:36:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-12-01 The aim of this study was to investigate glycoconjugate immunostaining of the biotinylated lectins: UEA - Ulex europaeus (gorse), PNA - Arachis hypogaea (peanut), HPA - Helix pomatia (Roman snail), and DBA - Dolichos biflorus, in normal mammary glands (control; n = 7), mammary neoplasms (n = 111), and mammary neoplasm metastasis (n = 10). One hundred twenty-eight mammary gland tissue samples were used; 7 samples without history of neoplasms (control). The remaining samples (121) were mammary neoplasms or metastasis. In all cases (UEA, HPA, PNA, and DBA), the binding to normal epithelium was uniform. The immunohistochemical marking was in the membrane and cytoplasm of epithelial cells in most of the cases. Large variations of binding between cell membranes, cytoplasm, and nuclei occurred in the neoplastic and metastatic tissues. Though lacking statistical differences, UEA, PNA, HPA, and DBA lectins revealed different marking patterns between tissues, being metastatic foci less marked in comparison with normal and neoplastic mammary gland tissues. In addition, there were no significant differences in the immunostaining of lectins between tumors where HPA was the most expressed in papillary carcinoma I, PNA in papillary carcinoma II, DBA in carcinosarcoma, and HPA and DBA in mixed carcinoma. It was concluded that the lectins have diagnostic potential and they have been useful for differentiation between normal and neoplastic breast tissue of metastatic foci in mammary tumor in dogs. Course of Veterinary Medicine Centro Universitário de Mineiros (Unifimes), Mineiros Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys (UFVJM) Institute of Biodiversity and Forest Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Instituto del Mar del Perú IMARPE Course of Veterinary Medicine University Center Ingá (UNINGÁ), Maringá Department of Animal Pathology Paulista State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal Department of Animal Pathology Paulista State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal

This study aimed to investigate outbreak with high mortality in cultured juvenile cobia occurred in Southeast Brazil in 2011. Fish displayed retarded growth rates, lethargy, fin ulceration, skin depigmentation, corneal opacity, and physical deformities. Internally, livers were increased in volume and pale in different degrees. Firm whitish nodules were disseminated in the liver, kidney and spleen. A moderate number of parasites identified as Neobenedenia melleni were recovered from the body surface. Microscopically, severe hepatic steatosis and extensive granulomatous lesion were identified in all fish sampled. Microbiological analysis of moribund fish revealed the presence in pure culture of a Gram-negative bacterium identified as Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida using biochemical and molecular characteristics. Analysis of the partial 16S rRNA sequences confirmed the results demonstrating high identity (98%). The isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and enrofloxacin and resistant to ciprofloxacin, florfenicol, doxycycline hydrochloride, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline. Chronic pasteurellosis was considered as the main problem in the farm, while hepatic steatosis and parasitic infestation may have contributed to the development of the process. Este estudo objetivou investigar um surto com alta mortalidade em cobia juvenis cultivadas na região Sudeste do Brasil em 2011. Os peixes apresentavam baixa taxa de crescimento, letargia, ulceração nas nadadeiras, despigmentação da pele, opacidade da córnea e deformidades físicas. Internamente o fígado apresentava aumentado e pálido em diferentes graus, com nódulos esbranquiçados e firmes disseminados no fígado, rins e baço. Na superfície corporal dos peixes foram observados moderado número de parasitas identificados como Neobenedenia melleni. Microscopicamente verificou-se esteatose hepática grave e extensa lesão granulomatosa em todos os peixes amostrados. A análise microbiológica dos peixes moribundos revelou a presença, em cultura pura de uma bactéria Gram-negativa identificada como Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida usando características bioquímicas e moleculares. A análise das sequências parciais de 16S rRNA confirmou os resultados demonstrando alta identidade (98%). Os isolados foram sensíveis a cloranfenicol e enrofloxacina e resistente a ciprofloxacina, florfenicol, cloridrato de doxiciclina, norfloxacina, oxitetraciclina e tetraciclina. A pasteurelose crônica foi considerada como o principal problema na maricultura, enquanto a esteatose hepática e a infestação parasitária podem ter contribuído para o desenvolvimento do processo.

Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-12T01:22:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-03-01 The objective of this research was to evaluate the productivity of honey and pollen of Melipona interrupta (Jandaira) colonies during a one-year period. This study was conducted in meliponiculture production colonies located in community of Coroca in the City of Santarem, Para, from October 2016 to December 2017. All collections of meliponiculture material were conducted during the first week of each month. Characteristics such as the total number of food pots, height, diameter, and volume of honey and pollen pots, the mass of the colony, production of pollen and honey, and the productivity of the bee colony as a whole were constantly monitored. Each month, biometric measurements of fifteen colonies of native bees of the specie were conducted and analyzed in the Statistical Analysis System. The greatest honey production by these colonies was strongly correlated with the less-rainy period that occurs in the region, and this production was most pronounced during October through December. Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Brazilian Agricultural Research Agency (Embrapa Amazônia Oriental/NAPT do Médio Amazonas) State University of São Paulo (UNESP) The University of Amazônia (UNAMA) State University of São Paulo (UNESP)

Aim Palms are an iconic, diverse and often abundant component of tropical ecosystems that provide many ecosystem services. Being monocots, tree palms are evolutionarily, morphologically and physiologically distinct from other trees, and these differences have important consequences for ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration and storage) and in terms of responses to climate change. We quantified global patterns of tree palm relative abundance to help improve understanding of tropical forests and reduce uncertainty about these ecosystems under climate change. Location Tropical and subtropical moist forests. Time period Current. Major taxa studied Palms (Arecaceae). Methods We assembled a pantropical dataset of 2,548 forest plots (covering 1,191ha) and quantified tree palm (i.e., ≥10cm diameter at breast height) abundance relative to co‐occurring non‐palm trees. We compared the relative abundance of tree palms across biogeographical realms and tested for associations with palaeoclimate stability, current climate, edaphic conditions and metrics of forest structure. Results On average, the relative abundance of tree palms was more than five times larger between Neotropical locations and other biogeographical realms. Tree palms were absent in most locations outside the Neotropics but present in >80% of Neotropical locations. The relative abundance of tree palms was more strongly associated with local conditions (e.g., higher mean annual precipitation, lower soil fertility, shallower water table and lower plot mean wood density) than metrics of long‐term climate stability. Life‐form diversity also influenced the patterns; palm assemblages outside the Neotropics comprise many non‐tree (e.g., climbing) palms. Finally, we show that tree palms can influence estimates of above‐ground biomass, but the magnitude and direction of the effect require additional work. Conclusions Tree palms are not only quintessentially tropical, but they are also overwhelmingly Neotropical. Future work to understand the contributions of tree palms to biomass estimates and carbon cycling will be particularly crucial in Neotropical forests.

The Antarctic ozone hole (AOH) directly influences the Antarctic region, where its levels can reach values below 220 DU. The temporary depletion of ozone in Antarctica generally occurs between the beginning and middle of August, during the austral spring, and extends to November, when a temporary reduction in ozone content is observed in a large region over the Antarctic continent. However, masses of ozone-depleted air can break away from the ozone hole and reach mid-latitude regions in a phenomenon known as the secondary effect of the Antarctic ozone hole. The objective of this paper is to show how atmospheric dynamics behave during the occurrence of this type of event, especially in mid-latitude regions, such as southern Brazil, over a 12-year observation period. For the analysis and identification of the events of influence of the AOH on the southern region of Brazil, data from the total ozone column were used from ground-based and satellite experiments, the Brewer Spectrophotometer (MkIII no. 167), and the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on the Aura satellite. For the analysis of the stratospheric and tropospheric fields, the ECMWF reanalysis products were used. Thus, 37 events of influence of the AOH that reached the southern region of Brazil were identified for the study period (2006–2017), where the events showed that in approximately 70 % of the cases they occurred after the passage of frontal systems and/or atmospheric blocks over southern Brazil. In addition, the statistical analysis showed a strong influence of the jet stream on mid-latitude regions during the events. Among the 37 identified events, 92 % occurred in the presence of the subtropical and/or polar jet stream over the region of study, possibly explaining the exchange of air masses of ozone deficient in the upper troposphere–lower stratosphere (UT–LS) region.

RESUMO: O Brasil é considerado o centro de origem e de diversidade das passifloras, que apresentam importância, tanto para o consumo in natura, industrialização, uso medicinal e também como plantas ornamentais. As diferentes espécies de Passiflora hospedam uma grande diversidade de artrópodes que, ocasionando injúrias, podem causar danos econômicos e morte da planta. Dentre os artrópodes, as lagartas-desfolhadoras são consideradas as pragas mais frequentes e severas nas principais regiões produtoras de maracujá. Assim, o objetivo foi informar o primeiro registro da ocorrência das espécies Isia alcumena, Spodoptera cosmioides e S. eridania atacando maracujazeiros no Distrito Federal, Brasil. As lagartas de S. cosmioides e S. eridania foram coletadas enquanto consumiam folhas de híbridos intraespecíficos de Passiflora edulis cultivado no banco ativo de germoplasma ?Flor da Paixão? da Embrapa Cerrados. Já as lagartas de I. alcumena foram coletadas em folhas da cultivar BRS Rubi do Cerrado, na Unidade de Apoio da Fruticultura da Embrapa Cerrados. Após a coleta, as lagartas foram individualizadas em sistema de criação com folhas das plantas hospedeiras. O desenvolvimento das lagartas foi acompanhado até à emergência dos adultos, que foram identificados e fixados em alfinetes entomológicos para preservação permanente, a seco. ABSTRACT: Brazil is considered the center of origin and diversity of passifloras. These species have a great importance to in natura fruits consumption, industrialization, medicinal use and also as ornamental plants. The different Passiflora speciesare host of a great diversity of arthropods that can cause injuries, economic damages and, in some situations, the plant death. Among the arthropods, leafhopper caterpillars are considered frequent and severe pests in the main passion fruit producing regions. The present work is an occurrence report of Isia alcumena and Spodoptera cosmioides attacking passion fruit plants (Passiflora edulis Sims) in the Federal District, Brazil. The S. cosmioides and S. eridania caterpillars were collected while consuming leaves of Passiflora edulis intra-specific hybrid located in the Germplasm Active Bank ?Flor da Paixão? at Embrapa Cerrados. The caterpillars of I. alcumena were collected on leaves of the Passiflora edulis cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado at the Agricultural Support Unit, Embrapa Cerrados. After collected, the caterpillars were individualized in a breeding system with leaves of the host plants. The development of the caterpillar was accompanied until the emergence of the adults, which were identified and fixed in entomological pins for permanent dry preservation. Made available in DSpace on 2020-03-10T00:36:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 01002945rbf415e047.pdf: 534851 bytes, checksum: 99f3be96f6b7053e7deebb1a1dc370e1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Título em português: Primeiro registro de Isia alcumena, Spodoptera cosmioides e Spodoptera eridania (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUOIDEA) em maracujazeiro (Passiflora edulis Sims) no Brasil.

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T16:45:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-11-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Pseudotuberculosis is caused by Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida (Phdp), an important pathogen in marine fish culture. In this study, Phdp isolated from a Rachycentron canadum farm was used to produce anti-Photobacterium damselae IgY and its protective effect were evaluated in R. canadum challenged with the homologous strain. The IgY was obtained from egg yolks of White Leghorn hens using polyethylene glycol precipitation method. Anti-Phdp IgY showed strongly specific reaction against Phdp proteins. Finally, it was performed the antibody efficacy in vivo to determinate their prophylactic and therapeutic effects during sepsis in R. canadum. For this, fish received anti-Phdp IgY 48 h and 15 days before the challenged with the homologous bacteria of Phdp. In these groups, it was observed less liver and kidney lesions comparing to control group, which was also correlated to the biochemical profile. In this study, it was also developed an immunohistochemistry test that presented highly specificity and affinity to Phdp that could be used as screening method for the diagnosis and analysis of pathogenesis of this disease. It was concluded that the IgY produced effectively inhibited the dissemination of this bacteria that could be helpful for the treatment and prophylaxis of this disease. Department of Veterinarian Pathology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University Unesp Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal Institute of Biodiversity and Forests Federal University of Western Pará UFOPA State University of Northern Paraná Campus ‘Luiz Meneghel’ Department of Veterinarian Pathology Faculty of Agrarian and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University Unesp Aquaculture Center of UNESP, Jaboticabal CAPES: 09/2009-300613/2009-1 FAPESP: Fapesp-2012/10090-4

Diese Studie untersuchte 39 Städte in Amazônia mit dem Ziel, die hohen Temperaturen der Gewässer des Amazonas mithilfe von Fernsensoren (Global Positioning System-GPS und Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya System-GLONASS) sowie digitaler Wetterstation und Schiffsnavigation zu zeigen als Beitrag zu den Trends des El Niño-Phänomens im Amazonas. Es sammelte Informationen über Wasserqualität, Wetter und Klima, Georeferenzierung der Route und Orte während einer Dürreperiode am Amazonas, von Iquitos in Peru bis zur Stadt Macapá in Brasilien (Atlantik) im Jahr 2016, alle Daten sind in dargestellt Tabellen und thematische Karten. Die mit zeitlichen Temperaturreihen erhaltenen Ergebnisse im Vergleich zu Satellitenbildern von Temperaturgradienten, georeferenzierten Karten und Wasserqualitätsanalysen zeigten während des gesamten Beobachtungszeitraums hohe Wassertemperaturen entlang des Flusses, wahrscheinlich aufgrund des verlängerten El Niño-Ereignisses in den Jahren 2014, 15 und 16., This research investigated 39 cities in the Amazônia, with the purpose of showing the high temperatures of the waters of the Amazon River, using remote sensors (Global Positioning System-GPS and Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya System-GLONASS), besides digital weather station and ship navigation, as a contribution to the trends of the El Niño phenomenon in the Amazon. It collected information on water quality, weather and climate, georeferencing of the route and localities during a drought period on the Amazon River, from Iquitos in Peru, to the city of Macapá in Brazil (Atlantic Ocean) in 2016, all data are presented in tables and thematic maps. The results obtained with temporal temperature series, compared to satellite images of temperature gradients, georeferenced map and water quality analysis showed high water temperatures along the river during the entire observation period, probably due to the prolonged El Niño event in 2014, 15 and 16., Cette recherche a étudié 39 villes de l'Amazonie, dans le but de montrer les températures élevées des eaux du fleuve Amazone, en utilisant des capteurs à distance (Global Positioning System-GPS et Globalnaya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya System-GLONASS), en plus de la station météorologique numérique et de la navigation maritime. , en tant que contribution aux tendances du phénomène El Niño en Amazonie. Il a collecté des informations sur la qualité de l'eau, la météo et le climat, le géoréférencement de l'itinéraire et des localités pendant une période de sécheresse sur le fleuve Amazone, d'Iquitos au Pérou, à la ville de Macapá au Brésil (océan Atlantique) en 2016, toutes les données sont présentées dans tableaux et cartes thématiques. Les résultats obtenus avec les séries de températures temporelles, par rapport aux images satellites des gradients de température, à la carte géoréférencée et à l'analyse de la qualité de l'eau, ont montré des températures de l'eau élevées le long du fleuve pendant toute la période d'observation, probablement en raison de l'événement El Niño prolongé en 2014, 15 et 16.

International audience; The greatest contribution to the rains in the Amazon is in the humid tropical forest, whose trees are the links of the subsoil-atmosphere connection in the transport of water and volatile organic compost that transform into rain aerosols that also mix with other aerosols that arrive in the Amazon. (LIMA, 2019). The analyzes show that the trajectories of air masses departing from the Sahara (Fig 1a) between the months of January and June, between 9 days before aerosols were identified in the Amazon (Fig. 1b), carrying elements associated with the soil dust. There are also studies that show that in addition to phosphorus (P) (which contributes to the soil fertilization process), iron (Fe) and other minerals present in the dust, are beneficial for vegetation (RIZZOLO et al. 2017), and the Sahara dust can also provide both macronutrients and micronutrients for plants and it is concluded that the spread of dust and the burning plume of biomass advances over the Atlantic and reaches the Amazon Basin (Figs. 2, 3 and 6) in approximately 8 to 12 days, (SANTOS, 2018).; La plus grande contribution aux pluies en Amazonie se trouve dans la forêt tropicale humide, dont les arbres sont les liens de la connexion sous-sol-atmosphère dans le transport de l'eau et du compost organique volatil qui se transforment en aérosols de pluie qui se mélangent également avec d'autres aérosols qui arrivent en l'Amazone. (LIMA, 2019).Les analyses montrent que les trajectoires des masses d'air au départ du Sahara (Fig.1a) entre les mois de janvier et juin, entre 9 jours avant que les aérosols aient été identifiés en Amazonie (Fig.1b), porteurs d'éléments associés à la poussière du sol.Il existe également des études qui montrent qu'en plus du phosphore (P) (qui contribue au processus de fertilisation du sol), le fer (Fe) et d'autres minéraux présents dans la poussière sont bénéfiques pour la végétation (RIZZOLO et al.2017), et le La poussière du Sahara peut également fournir à la fois des macronutriments et des micronutriments aux plantes et il est conclu que la propagation de la poussière et le panache brûlant de la biomasse progressent au-dessus de l'Atlantique et atteignent le bassin amazonien (Fig.2, 3 et 6) en environ 8 à 12 jours , (SANTOS, 2018).

International audience; The greatest contribution to the rains in the Amazon is in the humid tropical forest, whose trees are the links of the subsoil-atmosphere connection in the transport of water and volatile organic compost that transform into rain aerosols that also mix with other aerosols that arrive in the Amazon. (LIMA, 2019). The analyzes show that the trajectories of air masses departing from the Sahara (Fig 1a) between the months of January and June, between 9 days before aerosols were identified in the Amazon (Fig. 1b), carrying elements associated with the soil dust. There are also studies that show that in addition to phosphorus (P) (which contributes to the soil fertilization process), iron (Fe) and other minerals present in the dust, are beneficial for vegetation (RIZZOLO et al. 2017), and the Sahara dust can also provide both macronutrients and micronutrients for plants and it is concluded that the spread of dust and the burning plume of biomass advances over the Atlantic and reaches the Amazon Basin (Figs. 2, 3 and 6) in approximately 8 to 12 days, (SANTOS, 2018).; La plus grande contribution aux pluies en Amazonie se trouve dans la forêt tropicale humide, dont les arbres sont les liens de la connexion sous-sol-atmosphère dans le transport de l'eau et du compost organique volatil qui se transforment en aérosols de pluie qui se mélangent également avec d'autres aérosols qui arrivent en l'Amazone. (LIMA, 2019).Les analyses montrent que les trajectoires des masses d'air au départ du Sahara (Fig.1a) entre les mois de janvier et juin, entre 9 jours avant que les aérosols aient été identifiés en Amazonie (Fig.1b), porteurs d'éléments associés à la poussière du sol.Il existe également des études qui montrent qu'en plus du phosphore (P) (qui contribue au processus de fertilisation du sol), le fer (Fe) et d'autres minéraux présents dans la poussière sont bénéfiques pour la végétation (RIZZOLO et al.2017), et le La poussière du Sahara peut également fournir à la fois des macronutriments et des micronutriments aux plantes et il est conclu que la propagation de la poussière et le panache brûlant de la biomasse progressent au-dessus de l'Atlantique et atteignent le bassin amazonien (Fig.2, 3 et 6) en environ 8 à 12 jours , (SANTOS, 2018).

Studies on parasites of wild fish populations are important for knowledge of biodiversity, since parasites represent a great fraction of the planet?s biodiversity. The present study investigated the helminths fauna of Leporinus friderici, Mylossoma duriventre, Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus and Osteoglossum bicirrhosum collected from the lower Jari River, in the state of Amapá in the eastern Amazon region, Brazil. These fish, which have varying eating habits, were caught using gill nets with different mesh sizes for analysis of helminths, using standard methodologies. The helminths collected from these hosts were: Procamallanus (Spirocamallnus) inopinatus, Guyanema seriei seriei, Contracaecum sp., Eustrongylides sp. (Nematoda), Clinostomum marginatum, Dadaytrema oxycephala, Caballerotrema aruanense, Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea), Quadrigyrus nickoli and Neoechinorhynchus sp. (Acanthocephala). Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus presented the highest prevalence, intensity and mean abundance of C. marginatum, while M. duriventre was the host with lowest level of this parasite. The greatest diversity was of Contracaecum sp., sole helminth found in all species of fish studied. The presence of larvae of endoparasites indicates that these fish are intermediate hosts in the Jari River basin. Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-12T23:49:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CPAFAP2019Helminthicendofaunaoffourspecies.pdf: 909329 bytes, checksum: 9e4a7a1de70a0b0e4fb798a8795ce2b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-02-12 e.393

In-situ-Beobachtungen der Tendenzen des ENSO-Phänomens (El Niño Southern Oscillation) in Kombination mit einem Trend der regionalen Erwärmung sowohl im westlichen als auch im östlichen Amazônia wurden von der Peru-Brasilien-Expedition des Amazonas am Amazonas registriert. Die Temperaturen wurden an vier Positionen am Fluss gemessen (Rand, Mitte des Kanals, 1 m tief unter der Oberfläche und Umgebungsluft), Luftdruck und Luftfeuchtigkeit sowie die Geschwindigkeit und Richtung des Windes waren die Parameter, die aus dem Fluss entnommen wurden Die peruanische Stadt Iquitos beginnt im Juli 2016 und die brasilianische Stadt Macapá an der Mündung des Amazonas endet im Dezember 2016. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass der Wasserstand entlang des Flusses während des gesamten Beobachtungszeitraums aufgrund des El gesunken ist Niño-Ereignis, das 2014, 15 und 16 stattfand., In situ observations of the tendencies of the ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) phenomenon combined with a trend of regional warming in both western and eastern Amazônia were registered by the Amazon River Peru-Brazil Expedition on the Amazon River. Temperatures were taken at four positions on the river (edge, middle of the canal, 1 m deep below the surface, and ambient air), air pressure and humidity, and the velocity and direction of the wind were the parameters that were sampled from the Peruvian city of Iquitos beginning in July 2016, to the Brazilian city of Macapá at the mouth of the Amazon River ending in December 2016. The results suggest that there was a decline in water levels along the river during the entire observation period due to the El Niño event that occurred in 2014, 15 and 16., Des observations in situ des tendances du phénomène ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) combinées à une tendance au réchauffement régional dans l'ouest et l'est de l'Amazonie ont été enregistrées par l'expédition du fleuve Amazone Pérou-Brésil sur le fleuve Amazone. Les températures ont été relevées à quatre positions sur la rivière (bord, milieu du canal, à 1 m de profondeur sous la surface et air ambiant), la pression de l'air et l'humidité, et la vitesse et la direction du vent étaient les paramètres qui ont été échantillonnés à partir du Ville péruvienne d'Iquitos à partir de juillet 2016, jusqu'à la ville brésilienne de Macapá à l'embouchure du fleuve Amazone se terminant en décembre 2016. Les résultats suggèrent qu'il y a eu une baisse des niveaux d'eau le long du fleuve pendant toute la période d'observation en raison de l' événement Niño survenu en 2014, 15 et 16.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T16:54:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-01-01. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2021-07-15T15:21:30Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S2179-80872018000300108.pdf: 1091967 bytes, checksum: 9a5d61bc6ad5ad6a80754465c06901d4 (MD5) The use of wood in the form of charcoal for energy production, has great economic importance in Brazil. In this context, the study of variables and mechanisms that affect charcoal quality is essential. The present study aimed to verify the influence of some physical properties of Eucalyptus wood on the quality and yield of the produced bioreducer. We used three commercial Eucalyptus clones, cultivated for use in the steel industry, determining wood density and shrinkage, density and immediate chemistry of the charcoal produced and the charcoal gravimetric yield. The data was submitted to Pearson's correlation analysis. Correlations between wood density and apparent charcoal density as well as charcoal ash content were observed. All clones presented characteristics suitable for the production of charcoal for the steel industry, with emphasis on the hybrid E. urophylla x E. grandis. Instituto de Biodiversidade e Florestas - IBEF Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará - UFOPA Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' - ESALQ Universidade de São Paulo - USP Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - FCA Universidade Estadual Paulista - UNESP

International audience; The exponential dissemination of proximity computing devices (smartphones, tablets, nanocomputers, etc.) raises important questions on how to transmit, store and analyze data in networks integrating those devices. New approaches like edge computing aim at delegating part of the work to devices in the “edge” of the network. In this article, the focus is on the use of pervasive grids to implement edge computing and leverage such challenges, especially the strategies to ensure data proximity and context awareness, two factors that impact the performance of big data analyses in distributed systems. This article discusses the limitations of traditional big data computing platforms and introduces the principles and challenges to implement edge computing over pervasive grids. Finally, using CloudFIT, a distributed computing platform, the authors illustrate the deployment of a real geophysical application on a pervasive network.

Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2018-03-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) We present in this paper petrologic data and discuss the pressure-temperature (P-T) metamorphic history of the neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks of the Santa Filomena Complex, Riacho do Pontal Orogen, which is inserted in the southern portion of the Borborema Province (Northeast Brazil). Therefore, the data provide constraints on metamorphic evolution during Neoproterozoic Brasiliano Orogeny in Northeast Brazil. The rocks studied are aluminous schists and paragneisses. Silver-gray and red pelitic schists are intensely deformed, biotite-muscovite rich, contain centimeter-sized garnet, staurolite and kyanite porphyroblasts, and subordinately plagioclase and quartz. Paragneisses are from light gray to dark gray colored, medium to coarse-grained and display a well-spaced foliated matrix of biotite, and kyanite and garnet porphyroblasts. Locally, the schists and paragneisses are migmatized. Pressure-temperature modelling based on thermobarometric calculations indicate that metamorphism reached 643 °C with pressures estimated in 12 kbar. Pre-peak and post-peak metamorphic conditions are constrained by mineralogical and textural relationships: garnet inclusion-rich and inclusion-free (possible of higher T) are documented and the inclusion-rich core probably indicates a Sn-1 foliation that was transposed by Sn. The pre-peak stage most probably occurred close to 500 °C and 8 kbar, in upper greenschist to lower amphibolite facies metamorphism along kyanite stability field. We also propose that post-peak stage was associated with isothermal decompression along a possible path of tectonic exhumation in conditions of 600 °C and 7 kbar. To further evaluate the equilibrium condition, pressure-temperature pseudosections were calculated for the metasedimentary rocks. Thus, the estimated metamorphic peak took place in the upper amphibolite facies. A suggested clockwise pressure-temperature path is compatible with the regional tectonic setting of continent-continent collision which occurred in the Late Neoproterozoic of Borborema Province, during the Brasiliano Orogeny. Department of Geology and Natural Resources Institute of Geosciences University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6152 Institute of Engineering and Geoscience Federal University of Western Pará (UFOPA) Department of Petrology and Metallogeny Institute of Geoscience and Exact Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) Department of Petrology and Metallogeny Institute of Geoscience and Exact Science São Paulo State University (UNESP) FAPESP: 2014/03275-3

The Amazon Basin plays key roles in the carbon and water cycles, climate change, atmospheric chemistry, and biodiversity. It has already been changed significantly by human activities, and more pervasive change is expected to occur in the coming decades. It is therefore essential to establish long-term measurement sites that provide a baseline record of present-day climatic, biogeochemical, and atmospheric conditions and that will be operated over coming decades to monitor change in the Amazon region, as human perturbations increase in the future. The Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been set up in a pristine rain forest region in the central Amazon Basin, about 150 km northeast of the city of Manaus. Two 80 m towers have been operated at the site since 2012, and a 325 m tower is nearing completion in mid-2015. An ecological survey including a biodiversity assessment has been conducted in the forest region surrounding the site. Measurements of micrometeorological and atmospheric chemical variables were initiated in 2012, and their range has continued to broaden over the last few years. The meteorological and micrometeorological measurements include temperature and wind profiles, precipitation, water and energy fluxes, turbulence components, soil temperature profiles and soil heat fluxes, radiation fluxes, and visibility. A tree has been instrumented to measure stem profiles of temperature, light intensity, and water content in cryptogamic covers. The trace gas measurements comprise continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, methane, and ozone at five to eight different heights, complemented by a variety of additional species measured during intensive campaigns (e.g., VOC, NO, NO2, and OH reactivity). Aerosol optical, microphysical, and chemical measurements are being made above the canopy as well as in the canopy space. They include aerosol light scattering and absorption, fluorescence, number and volume size distributions, chemical composition, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, and hygroscopicity. In this paper, we discuss the scientific context of the ATTO observatory and present an overview of results from ecological, meteorological, and chemical pilot studies at the ATTO site. © Author(s) 2015.

© 2018 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2018 New Phytologist Trust The impact of increases in drought frequency on the Amazon forest's composition, structure and functioning remain uncertain. We used a process- and individual-based ecosystem model (ED2) to quantify the forest's vulnerability to increased drought recurrence. We generated meteorologically realistic, drier-than-observed rainfall scenarios for two Amazon forest sites, Paracou (wetter) and Tapajós (drier), to evaluate the impacts of more frequent droughts on forest biomass, structure and composition. The wet site was insensitive to the tested scenarios, whereas at the dry site biomass declined when average rainfall reduction exceeded 15%, due to high mortality of large-sized evergreen trees. Biomass losses persisted when year-long drought recurrence was shorter than 2–7 yr, depending upon soil texture and leaf phenology. From the site-level scenario results, we developed regionally applicable metrics to quantify the Amazon forest's climatological proximity to rainfall regimes likely to cause biomass loss > 20% in 50 yr according to ED2 predictions. Nearly 25% (1.8 million km2) of the Amazon forests could experience frequent droughts and biomass loss if mean annual rainfall or interannual variability changed by 2σ. At least 10% of the high-emission climate projections (CMIP5/RCP8.5 models) predict critically dry regimes over 25% of the Amazon forest area by 2100.

International audience; The remains of south american swamp-eels are commonly recovered in pre-Columbian archaeological sites and swamp-eels are an important prey of piscivorous predators. in an attempt to assess the size classes of modern and archaeological fish from Bolivia, here we provide allometric regression equations for Syn-branchus marmoratus and S. madeirae, resulting in total body length estimations on the basis of isolated skeletal elements. a total of 68 modern skeletons for Synbranchus marmoratus and 82 for Synbranchus madeirae were analysed. Measurements were taken on cranial (dentary, ectopterygoid, neurocranium, articular, hyomandibular, cleithrum) and post-cranial bones (first and second precaudal vertebrae). Our study shows that bone elements are highly correlated with total body lengths, which allows for a reliable reconstitution of Synbranchus size for paleontological, archaeological and dietary studies.; Les ossements d’anguilles des marais d’Amérique du Sud sont communément récupérés dans des sites archéologiques précolombiens et parmi les contenus stomacaux de prédateurs piscivores. Dans le but d’évaluer les classes de taille des populations de poissons modernes et archéologiques de Bolivie, nous fournissons ici des équations de régression allométrique pour Synbranchus marmoratus et S. madeirae, permettant d’obtenir des estimations de la longueur corporelle totale des individus sur la base d’éléments squelettiques isolés. Au total, 68 squelettes modernes pour la première espèce et 82 pour la seconde ont été étudiés. Des mesures ont été effectuées sur des os crâniens (dentaires, ectopterygoïdes, neurocrânes, articulaires, hyomandibulaires, cleithrum) et post-crâniens (première et deuxième vertèbres précaudales). Notre étude montre que les éléments osseux sont fortement corrélés à la longueur totale du corps, ce qui permet une reconstitution fiable de la taille des Synbranchus pour les études paléontologiques, archéologiques et de régimes alimentaires.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-07T12:37:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-07-07T12:45:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 ISSN2077-9917-2014-05-02-71-76.pdf: 623508 bytes, checksum: 411de4cd605cdc868643b527fa195d0f (MD5) O guapuruvu é uma espécie pioneira de rápido crescimento da família Leguminosae de grande importância em projetos de restauração. O objetivo do estudo foi verificar a variabilidade genética de progênies de Schizolobium parahyba da região de Botucatu/SP, por meio de parâmetros genéticos quantitativos. O teste de progênies foi instalado no delineamento experimental em blocos casualizados, três repetições, quatro plantas por parcelas e 60 progênies. Foram avaliados os caracteres: altura de plantas (ALT) e diâmetro á altura do peito (DAP) nas idades de 2, 7, 14, 20 e 66 meses e a porcentagem de sobrevivência, aos 66 meses, transformada em log (x+10). Para as estimativas dos parâmetros genéticos, os dados coletados foram analisados pelo software SELEGEN. Os coeficientes de variação genética individual (CVgi %), variação genotípica entre progênies (CVgp %) e variação relativa (CVr), apresentaram estimativas que demonstram uma variabilidade genética restrita e muito influenciada pelo ambiente. Os coeficientes de herdabilidade ao nível individual (ĥa 2 ) foram maiores para altura (0,318, 0,012, 0,247, 0,390 e 0,012) em relação ao DAP (0,021, 0,024 e 0,015) aos 14, 20 e 66 meses, respectivamente. As correlações genotípicas no geral foram altas entre os caracteres ALT e DAP. A maior correlação genética entre os caracteres DAP e ALT de plantas ocorreu entre a idade 14 meses (0,85). As progênies estudadas, apesar de não mostrarem significativa variabilidade genética, são potenciais para se dar início a programas de melhoramento e conservação genética. The guapuruvu is pioneer specie by fast growing of legume family with great importance in restoration projects. The aim of the study was to assess the genetic variability of offspring of Schizolobium parahyba through quantitative genetic parameters. The progeny test was installed in a randomized block design in three replications four plants per plot with 60 progenies. Was evaluated plant height, diameter at breast height with the ages: 2, 7, 14, 20 and 66 months and the percentage of survival at 66 months. For the estimates of genetic parameters, the data were analyzed by software SELEGEN. The heritability coefficients at individual level (ĥa 2 ) were higher by height (0.318, 0.012, 0.247, 0.390 and 0.012) compared to DBH (0.021, 0.024 and 0.015) in the 14, 20 and 66 months, respectively. The highest genetic correlation between characters and plant height DBH occurred in the period of 14 months (0.85). The progenies studied, despite not show significant genetic variability, have the potential to initiate programs of forest breeding and for conservation genetics. Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Departamento de Melhoramento Vegetal Universidade Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Produção e Melhoramento Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas (FCA)

International audience; The diverse and pantropical genus Ctenitis, in the Dryopteridaceae, has been largely ignored in phylogenetic studies until now. In this study, we fill in this gap by reconstructing the first comprehensive phylogeny of the genus including 53 species currently recognized in the genus Ctenitis, among which seven species formerly were assigned to the genus Pseudotectaria and one to Heterogonium. Special emphasis was given to the sampling of species occurring in the African-Indian Ocean region. The presented results include reconstruction of a biogeographic scenario based on estimated divergence times and ancestral area reconstruction. Our findings confirm the inclusion, within Ctenitis, of the Indian Ocean species formerly placed in Pseudotectaria and Heterogonium. The crown group divergence was estimated to date back to the Oligocene or Early Miocene. The biogeographical scenario indicates an initial divergence of the Asian-Pacific ranges and the neotropical ranges, and a subsequent colonization of the Afro-Madagascan region by a lineage with neotropical ancestors. The Afro-Madagascan lineage splits into a lineage endemic to the Mascarene islands and a lineage occurring in Madagascar, the Comoros and Africa. The range expansion towards Africa and Madagascar was estimated to date back to the late Miocene, whereas the estimated ages for the onset of the diversification of the Mascarene diversity is consistent with the ages of these young, volcanic islands. The absence of any extant species of Ctenitis with a multi-continental distribution range and the rarity of inter-island dispersal and speciation in the Indian Ocean region suggest a limited contribution of long distance dispersal to the biogeographical history of this fern genus, versus a high contribution of local speciation.

The aim of this study was to investigate the gills parasites in Satanoperca jurupari from the Jari River, state of Amapá, in eastern Amazon (Brazil). The gills of 100% of the hosts were parasitized by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Sciadicleithrum juruparii (Monogenoidea) Genarchella genarchella, Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea) Ergasilus coatiarus and Argulus multicolor (Crustacea), and a total of 27,043 parasites were collected. However, the dominance was of I. multifiliis and there was aggregated dispersion of parasites with greater discrepancy for S. juruparii and A. multicolor. Low species richness of parasites (3.1 ± 1.1), low Brillouin diversity index (0.27 ± 0.23), low evenness (0.16 ± 0.13) and high dominance of Berger-Parker (0.88 ± 0.15) were found. The community of parasites in S. jurupari was characterized by low species richness, low diversity and low evenness, with high prevalence and low abundance. The size of host did not have any influence on the parasites community, but the host behavior and availability of infective stages of the parasites were factors structuring the community of ectoparasites found here. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a comunidade de parasitos das brânquias de Satanoperca jurupari do Rio Jari, Estado do Amapá, região da Amazônia oriental (Brasil). As brânquias de 100% dos hospedeiros estavam parasitadas por Ichthyophthirius multifiliis (Protozoa), Sciadicleithrum juruparii (Monogenoidea), Genarchella genarchella, Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea), Ergasilus coatiarus e Argulus multicolor (Crustacea) e foi coletado um total de 27.043 parasitos. Porém, a dominância foi de I. multifiliis e houve dispersão agregada de parasitos com maior discrepância de S. juruparii e A. multicolor. Foi encontrada uma baixa riqueza de espécies de parasitos (3,1 ± 1,1), baixa de diversidade de Brillouin (0,27 ± 0,23), baixa equitabilidade do índice de diversidade (0,16 ± 0,13) e elevada dominância de Berger-Parker (0,88 ± 0,15). A comunidade de parasitos foi caracterizada por baixa riqueza de espécies, baixa diversidade, baixa uniformidade, alta prevalência e baixa abundância. O tamanho dos hospedeiros não teve influência sobre a comunidade parasitos, mas o comportamento dos hospedeiros e a disponibilidade de formas infectantes dos parasitos foram os fatores estruturando a comunidade dos ectoparasitos encontrados.

This study investigated the parasitic fauna of Cichlasoma bimaculatum of a tributary from the Amazon River system, northern Brazil. The prevalence of infection was 94.6 % and, in total, 428 267 parasites, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare (Protozoa), Gussevia arilla (Monogenoidea), Posthodiplostomum sp. (Digenea) and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus (Nematoda) were collected. However, the dominance was mainly of I. multifiliis, while P. (S.) inopinatus was the parasite species with the lower levels of prevalence and abundance of infection. These parasite species showed an aggregated dispersion pattern. The parasitic fauna was characterized by the presence of few species of parasites with high prevalence and abundance, specifically ectoparasites, and a low number of endoparasites. The observed pattern is explained by the mode of life of the host and it is suggested that C. bimaculatum occupies a low trophic level at the food web.

This study investigated the metazoan parasite fauna in Peckoltia braueri and Pterygoplichthys pardalis from a tributary of the Amazon River system, in northern Brazil. In P. braueri, 630 parasites were collected, belonging to Unilatus unilatus, Nothogyrodactylus sp., Genarchella genarchella, Proteocephalus sp., Gorytocephalus elongorchis, Dolops longicauda and Hirudinea gen. sp., with a dominance of monogenean species. In P. pardalis, 120 parasites were collected, belonging to U. unilatus, Acanthostomum gnerii and Gorytocephalus elongorchis, and this acanthocephalan was the dominant species. In both hosts, the parasites presented clumped distribution, high prevalence, low abundance, low Shannon diversity, and low species richness, with a predominance of helminth species. In P. braueri, host length was positively correlated with parasite species richness and Shannon index. There was no difference in the body condition of parasitized and non-parasitized fishes in either host. This was the first report of these parasites in P. braueri and P. pardalis.

Assessment of biodiversity is fundamental for the understanding of ecological interactions, but fish parasites were neglected in biodiversity estimates for a long time. The aim of this paper was to investigate the diversity of parasites in Satanoperca jurupari in the Amazon River system in Brazil. Of the fish examined, 90.0% were parasitized by one or more species of protozoans and metazoans, and a total of 3,110,094 parasites were collected. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Sciadicleithum juruparii, Clinostomum marginatum, Posthodiplostomum sp., Genarchella genarchella, Argulus multicolor and Ergasilus coatiarus were found. However, I. multifiliis and P. pillulare were the most prevalent, abundant and dominant parasites, while A. multicolor and G. genarchella were the least prevalent and abundant parasites. The parasites had an aggregate dispersion, but E. coatiarus and the endoparasite species had a higher aggregation pattern. The species richness of parasites varied from 1 to 8 species per host, the Brillouin index varied from 0.32 to 1.09 and evenness varied from 0.01 to 0.47. The host size did not influence the diversity indices and the abundance of parasites, which did not affect the body condition of the hosts. Satanoperca jurupari is a new host for G. genarchella. RESUMO A avaliação da biodiversidade é fundamental para a compreensão das interações ecológicas, mas os parasitas de peixes foram negligenciados nas estimativas de biodiversidade durante muito tempo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a diversidade de parasitos em Satanoperca jurupari do sistema do Rio Amazonas no Brasil. Dos peixes examinados, 90,0% estavam parasitados por uma ou mais espécies de protozoários e metazoários, e um total de 3.110.094 parasitos foram coletados. Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Piscinoodinium pillulare, Sciadicleithum juruparii, Clinostomum marginatus, Posthodiplostomum sp., Genarchella genarchella, Argulus multicolor e Ergasilus coatiarus foram os parasitos encontrados. Porém, I. multifiliis e P. pillulare foram os parasitos mais prevalentes, abundantes e dominantes, enquanto A. multicolor e G. genarchella foram os parasitas menos prevalentes e abundantes. Estes parasitas tiveram uma dispersão agregada, mas E. coatiarus e os endoparasitos apresentaram um padrão de agregação mais elevado. A riqueza de espécies de parasitos variou de 1 a 8 espécies por hospedeiro, o índice de Brillouin variou de 0,32 a 1,09 e a uniformidade variou de 0.01 a 0.47. O tamanho dos hospedeiros não influenciou os índices de diversidade e abundância parasitária, que não afetaram a condição corporal dos peixes. Satanoperca jurupari é um novo hospedeiro para G. genarchella.

The aim of this study was to compare the parasite communities in two sympatric host populations, Trachelyopterus coriaceus andTrachelyopterus galeatus, which were caught in tributary of the Amazon River in Brazil. All the specimens of T. galeatusand T. coriaceus were infected by one or more parasites, such as Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tripartiella tetramerii, Trichodina nobilis,Cosmetocleithrum striatuli, Contracaecumsp., Cystidicoloides sp., Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri and Gorytocephalus spectabilis. Seven species were common to both host fish, and there were 1-5 parasite species per host. In both hosts, trichodinids were dominant. Aggregate dispersion of ectoparasites and endoparasites was observed, with greater aggregation among endoparasites. Only the ectoparasites species showed differences in intensity and/or abundance. However, the parasite communities of the two hosts were taxonomically similar (99%) and characterized by high prevalence and high abundance of ectoparasites, but with low diversity, prevalence and abundance of endoparasites. Trachelyopterus galeatus, the host with the larger body size, presented greater variation of Brillouin diversity and evenness, while T. coriaceus had higher Berger-Parker dominance values and total numbers of parasites. This first study on these parasites ofT. galeatus and T. coriaceus showed that the life mode, size of the hosts and the availability of infective forms of the parasites were the main factors that influenced the parasite communities structure. Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as comunidades, prevalência, intensidade, abundância e interações parasito-hospedeiro em duas populações de hospedeiros simpatricos, Trachelyopterus coriaceus eTrachelyopterus galeatus de um tributário do sistema do Rio Amazonas, no Brasil. Todos os espécimes de T. galeatus eT. coriaceus estavam infectados por um ou mais parasitos, tais como Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Tripartiella tetramerii, Trichodina nobilis,Cosmetocleithrum striatuli, Contracaecumsp., Cystidicoloides sp., Dadaytremoides parauchenipteri e Gorytocephalus spectabilis. Sete espécies de parasitos foram comuns para ambos os peixes hospedeiros e houve de 1-5 espécies de parasitos por hospedeiro. Em ambos os hospedeiros houve dominância de espécies de tricodinídeos. A dispersão dos ectoparasitos e endoparasitos foi agregada, mas a maior agregação foi de endoparasitos. Somente espécies de ectoparasitos mostraram diferenças na intensidade e/ou abundância. Entretanto, as comunidades parasitárias dos dois hospedeiros foram taxonomicamente semelhante (99%) e caracterizada por alta prevalência e abundância de ectoparasitos, mas com baixa diversidade, prevalência e abundância de endoparasitos. Trachelyopterus galeatus, com maior tamanho corporal, apresentou maior variação da diversidade Brillouin e uniformidade, enquanto T. coriaceus teve maiores valores de dominância de Berger-Parker e número total de parasitos. Este primeiro estudo sobre estes parasitos de T.galeatus e T. coriaceus mostrou que o modo de vida, tamanho dos hospedeiros e disponibilidade de formas infectantes de parasitos foram os principais fatores que influenciaram a estrutura das comunidades dos parasitos encontrados.

The present study compared the community of parasites in populations of Triportheus angulatus and T. curtus from a tributary of the Amazon River in northern Brazil. All hosts had one or more parasite species, 862,687 parasites were collected from T. curtus and 302,008 from T. angulatus. Species richness of parasites, Shannon diversity index and evenness index were higher for T. angulatus. The parasite communities of both hosts was similar (99%) and composed by Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Anacanthorus pitophallus, metacercariae and Procamallanus (Spirocamallanus) inopinatus, with dominance of I. multifiliis. However, low infection level by Piscinodinium pilullare, Dolops sp. and Contracaecum larvae occurred only in T. angulatus, and Spironucleus sp. was found only in T. curtus. There were differences in the prevalence, intensity and mean abundance for some parasites of both hosts. There was aggregated dispersion of parasites in both hosts, but the infection of P. (S.) inopinatus in T. angulatus showed a random dispersion. For T. angulatus and T. curtus, the diversity and abundance of parasites were influenced by the host size. This was the first report of these parasite species for T. curtus, as well as of I. multifiliis, P. pilullare, Dolops sp., P. (S.) inopinatus and Contracecum sp. for T. angulatus.

The aim of this study was to investigate the component community of parasite metazoans of Piaractus brachypomus in the lower Amazon River, northern Brazil. From 34 necropsied fish, 27,384 metazoan parasites were collected, such as Anacanthorus spathulatus, Mymarothecium viatorum and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea); Spectatus spectatus and Contracaecum sp (Nematoda); Clinostomum marginatum and Dadaytrema oxycephala (Digenea); and Argulus carteri and Ergasilus sp. (Crustacea). The dominant species was S. spectatus followed by monogenoidean species, and there was aggregated dispersion of parasites, except for D. oxycephala and Contracaecum sp., which presented random dispersion. Positive correlation among the abundance of the three monogenoideans species were found, thus indicating that there was no competition between the species of these parasites on the gills of hosts. The abundances of some parasite species showed positive correlations with the size of the hosts, but the condition factor of the fish was not affected by the parasitism levels. It showed that this host had a metazoan community characterized by high species richness of metazoans, low evenness and high diversity of parasites, with prevalence of endoparasites, including larval stages. This was the first record of C. marginatum, A. carteri, Ergasilus sp. and Contracaecum sp. for P. brachypomus.

This study describes the hematological alterations in Astyanax altiparanae associated with infestation with Lernaea cyprinacea. The study was carried out in a lagoon of the Mogi- Guaçu River, in the municipality of Pirassununga, in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Of 46 fish examined, 45.6% had their integument infested by L. cyprinacea, with a mean intensity of 4.9 parasites per fish and a mean abundance of 2.2, giving a total of 139 recovered crustaceans. The abundance of L. cyprinacea correlated positively with the length and weight of the hosts, and the intensity of infestation was higher in female hosts. Macroscopic observation of lesions associated with the parasite showed a severe inflammatory reaction around the site of attachment of L. cyprinacea, associated with a lower relative condition factor and blood parameters. The hematocrit, number of red blood cells and thrombocytes were higher in non-parasitized than in parasitized fish. However, the hemoglobin concentration, hematimetric indices and the number of white blood cells were not influenced by infestation.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T13:13:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2015-04-08 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) US National Geographic Society (CRE Grant) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) While most species within the genus Chamaecostus (Costaceae) are well defined, the broad geographic range and long list of synonyms associated with Chamaecostus subsessilis led us to believe there may be some cryptic species within the complex. We thus investigate the phylogenetic relationships of species in the Chamaecostus lineage and specifically test the monophyly and diversity of the Chamaecostus subsessilis species complex from a population perspective by analyzing molecular sequence data and leaf morphometrics. We interpret evolutionary trends across the entire genus based on a molecular character-based phylogenetic hypothesis that includes all currently described species of Chamaecostus. Our results show that while Chamaecostus is strongly monophyletic, C. cuspidatus is found to be sister to a clade of some but not all samples of C. subsessilis, making it necessary to acknowledge more than one species in the C. subsessilis complex. Herbarium specimens of the C. subsessilis complex could be assigned based on geographic proximity to one of the major three clades recovered in the phylogenetic analysis. Leaf morphometric measurements were performed on each of these lineages and traits were tested to detect differences among phylogenetic lineages. We conclude by proposing the recognition of a new combination, Chamaecostus acaulis, which we describe. Univ Fed Oeste Para, HSTM, Santarem, PA, Brazil Univ Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio De Janeiro, RJ, Brazil Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA Univ Estadual Paulista, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências de Rio Claro, Departamento de Ecologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil US National Geographic Society (CRE Grant): 8994-11 FAPESP: 2009/52725-3

A Floresta Nacional do Tapajós (FLONA Tapajós) possui 600 mil hectares de floresta protegida, e está situada a 50 km ao sul da cidade de Santarém, Pará, Brasil, uma cidade portuária de 250 mil habitantes, localizada na confluência dos rios Tapajós e Amazonas. Há abundância de terras agrícolas na região, que oferecem muitas oportunidades para estudar mudanças no uso da terra, e um tipo de uso da terra, a colheita seletiva de madeira, é particularmente importante para a economia de Santarém. A deposição úmida e seca pode ser uma importante fonte de nutrientes para as plantas, e isto é especialmente verdade quando os solos são pobres, o que é o caso na região do planalto Santarém-Belterra, a área de estudo da presente investigação. Nesta região, a deposição de nutrientes atmosférico natural é reforçada pela frequente queima de biomassa que libera uma grande parte dos nutrientes da biomassa acima do solo para a atmosfera. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: 1) Estimar a deposição úmida total via precipitação direta e através da copa, incluindo a deposição seca; 2) Verificar potenciais fontes de nutrientes encontrados na deposição úmida total e deposição seca; e, 3) Verificar possíveis efeitos da cobertura vegetal no teor de nutrientes na precipitação e precipitação interna. Este estudo foi realizado na FLONA Tapajós no km 67 da rodovia Santarém - Cuiabá, ao sul da cidade de Santarém. A área de estudo consistiu de uma parcela de 100 x 100 m dividida em transectos de 10 x 10 m que foi localizada próximo de uma torre meteorológica de 65 m que com medidas de vários parâmetros climáticos, como precipitação, velocidade e direção do vento, radiação solar incidente e temperatura e umidade do ar, entre outros. Coletores de precipitação direta (PD) e de precipitação interna (PI) consistiram de frascos de 2 L de polietileno com um funil de diâmetro de 115 mm. As amostras foram coletadas semanalmente durante abril de 2003 a março de 2006. O volume da amostra foi medido individualmente para cada coletor (25 coletores para a precipitação interna e 4 para a precipitação direta). As conclusões que podem ser tiradas a partir deste estudo são: 1) A estação seca apresenta a maior variação no fluxo de íons; 2) A sazonalidade exerce uma forte influência sobre a concentração de cátions básicos; 3) A deposição seca é um das mais importantes caminhos para a entrada de nutrientes na FLONA Tapajós; 4) Há uma entrada significativa de macronutrientes, Cl e Na da agricultura de grãos intensivo nas proximidades; 5) Deposição seca é o processo mais importante para o enriquecimento de água que atinge o chão da floresta; 6) A análise de componentes principais facilita a interpretação e caracterização de águas pluviais e, neste estudo, mostra a influência de fontes antropogênicas como a agricultura, queima de biomassa, e poeira Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-07T05:32:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4534.pdf: 815211 bytes, checksum: 25a4cdaf41b486f822769b89172d43cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-06

As mudanças no uso da terra na bacia Amazônica têm ocorridas num ritmo acelerado durante a última década, e é importante que os efeitos dessas mudanças nos recursos edáficos sejam explicados. Este trabalho teve como objetivo investigar as propriedades físicas, químicas, e biológicas de um solo sob cultivo de soja e arroz, e um solo de floresta primária adjacente. O solo do campo de soja teve aumentos na densidade, cátions trocáveis, e pH. Na floresta primária a biomassa microbiana e a respiração do solo foram maiores, e a comunidade microbiana demonstrou maior eficiência metabólica. A soma da respiração basal nos três horizontes estudados variou entre 7,31 a 10,05 Mg CO2-C ha-1ano-1, assim dando estimativas de 9,6 a 15,5 Mg CO2-C ha-1ano-1 para a respiração total do solo somada para sítios e épocas de amostragem, valores que estão de acordo com dados reportados na literatura para ecossistemas amazônicos. As estimativas da respiração heterotrófica nesse estudo ajudarão a estreitar as estimativas de respiração autotrófica e serão importantes na determinação dos efeitos de futuras mudanças no uso da terra e no clima em sistemas amazônicos