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Emulsifying properties of oil in water emulsions using chicken egg white and dried egg white as an emulsifying agent were investigated using the conductivity technique. Changes in emulsion conductivity were recorded during and after homogenization and interpreted in terms of properties related to the emulsifying activity (EA) and emulsion stability (ES). The effect of NaCl concentration (0.0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 % w/w), chicken egg white and dried egg white concentration (1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 % w/w) was studied using two vegetable oils, namely corn and canola. In general, it was observed that the EA and ES increase with increasing protein content and salt concentration, in a manner consistent with past research.

This essay reflects on the architectural and urban heritage management in São João Del Rei, MG – Brazil, from the practices undertaken by the Municipal Council of Cultural Heritage Preservation, considering its effective operation in the municipal scope. Initially, we will present a conceptual-theoretical reflection on the conditions for urban interventions in contexts with significant cultural heritage, followed by equity policy developments in Brazil. Later, we will give emphasis to the case study of São João Del Rei., Este artigo busca refletir sobre a gestão do patrimônio arquitetônico e urbano em São João Del Rei, MG – Brasil, a partir das práticas empreendidas pelo Conselho Municipal de Preservação do Patrimônio Cultural (CMPPC), considerando a sua efetiva atuação no âmbito municipal. Inicialmente será apresentada uma reflexão teórico-conceitual sobre os condicionantes para intervenções urbanas em contextos com significativo patrimônio cultural, seguida da evolução da política patrimonial no Brasil. Posteriormente será dada ênfase ao estudo de caso de São João Del Rei., DISEGNARECON; Vol. 5, Numero Speciale (2012) - DOCO 2012, a cura di R. Mingucci, C. Bartolomei, L. Bravo, S. Garagnani; 95-102

Magnesium is one of the essential elements for the plant growth. However, when the supply of magnesium is required exclusively, few economically feasible options are available. Serpentinite represents an alternative source of magnesium, although little is known about its potential and effi ciency under tropical soil conditions. This work aimed to evaluate the use of serpentinite as a soil remineralizer, as well as magnesium fertilizer. The study was conducted in a greenhouse, using a completely randomized design, with seven treatments and four replications, as follows: three levels of serpentinite, mix of serpentinite and phonolite, and the controls with dolomitic limestone and without fertilization. Two plant species (Zea mays L. corn hybrid BRS ? 1055 and Phaseolus vulgaris L. common bean variety BRS ? Estilo) and two contrasting soils (clayey and sandy texture), were used in pots. Results showed that serpentinite?s free silica and toxic element contents fi tted the legal requirements. No statistically signifi cant difference was observed for the plant dry matter weight production in the serpentinite and dolomitic limestone control, as well as in the pure serpentinite and the mix with phonolite treatments. The serpentinite was able to supply and to fullfil magnesium requirements for growth and development of corn and bean plants. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-17T12:02:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Evaluation-agricultural.pdf: 431590 bytes, checksum: 026c29b824d2911365ddbec1e8bf0ea2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This work verified the physiological quality of seeds of two maize cultivars treated in isolation and in association with an inoculant based on Azospirillum brasilense, biostimulants and a liquid fertilizer. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized 2x8 factorial scheme, comprising two maize cultivars (P30F53 and P30F53YH) and eight seed treatments (untreated; treated with inoculant; treated with biostimulants; treated with liquid fertilizer; treated with inoculant and biostimulant; treated with inoculant and liquid fertilizer; treated with biostimulant and liquid fertilizer; treated with inoculant, treated with liquid fertilizer and biostimulant). Percentage of germination, emergence in sand, germination speed index, cold test, and dry mass of shoots and root of seedlings were evaluated. The cultivar P30F53YH had seeds with better physiological quality compared with the cultivar P30F53 when treated with biostimulants, liquid fertilizer and Azospirillum. The biostimulant, liquid fertilizer and Azospirilum. either on their own or in combinations not involving the liquid fertilizer do not impair physiological qualityof maize seeds. Made available in DSpace on 2021-12-28T19:00:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Physiological-quality.pdf: 298743 bytes, checksum: d2e42be2f7a81301e827591f811835d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

The objective of this work was to use the partial diallel methodology to compare double-haploid lines (DHs) of maize with lines obtained by traditional methods. To obtain hybrids, five double-haploid lines, used as female parents, were crossed with four testers, as male parents. Twenty hybrids were obtained from double-haploid lines, being: 8 experimental, and 8 commercial from Embrapa and 4 from other companies. Were evaluated; final stand (ST), tipping and breaking (LODG), plant height (PH), ear insertion height (EH), grain moisture at harvest (GM) and total grain weight (YIELD). Analysis of variance was performed, unfolding the degrees of freedom of the genotype, Tukey test at 5% probability, and the decomposition of the sums of squares of the treatments into general and specific combining ability for testers and DH lines. PH and EH were higher in hybrids derived from DHs lines, while productivity and final stand were higher in experimental controls. However, some hybrids, such as the hybrid DH1800007 presented higher YIELD than commercial and experimental controls. The data obtained demonstrate that hybrids derived from double-haploid lines, in addition to accelerating the time to obtain new cultivars, enable the development of hybrids with superior agronomic performance. Made available in DSpace on 2022-02-22T17:01:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Agonomic-performance.pdf: 575272 bytes, checksum: 06cd61941c9447f6a9e82ea95098a9e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Forage sorghum presents tall plants, what makes mechanical seed harvesting a difficult task. Plant hormones can reduce plant height and facilitate the harvesting. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the growth regulator trinexapac-ethyl on plant height and seed yield in forage sorghum. This research was carried out at Embrapa Maize and Sorghum, in two seasons (2017 and 2018), in a randomized complete block design, four replications and three varieties (BRS Ponta Negra, 1141574 and 0947216) under application of Trinexapac-ethyl in two stages of the plant growth (V8, V12, V8 + V12). The characteristics evaluated were: plant height, seed yield and mass of 1000 seeds. The effect of the hormone was significant in both stages of growth, with a significant reduction in plant height. The hormone applied twice at growth stages V8 + V12 had a greater effect in reducing plant height. However, the hormone reduced seed yield in the three varieties, what implies the need for further studies comparing the advantage of plant height reduction and the loss in seed yield. Made available in DSpace on 2021-10-27T13:00:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Trinexapac-ethyl-reduces.pdf: 493049 bytes, checksum: 42bff85016ca6a8a2608bce5b50fbd45 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

Sorghum is one of the most drought-tolerant cereals. However, strong water stress, especially during the reproductive phase, causes significant grain yield reduction. Drought events are common in second crops planted after soybean harvest in Brazil. The objective of the present study was to assess grain sorghum hybrids grown under pre- and post-flowering drought stress. Twenty-five hybrids were subjected to two water stress environments (pre- and post-flowering) and one environment with non-water stress. The experimental design was a split plot based on a randomized complete block with three replicates. Water stress pre-flowering reduced plant height, accelerated flowering, and increased panicle index compared with water stress post-flowering. Both pre- and postflowering stress reduced yield, by 45% and 48%, respectively. Grain mass was greatly affected by stress occurring post-flowering but not by that occurring pre-flowering. Therefore, the reduction in yield caused by pre-flowering stress is due more to the reduction of grain number in the panicle, whereas the reduction when stress occurs post-flowering is due more to reduction in grain size. The plant chlorophyll index decreased when stress occurred pre-flowering and reverted after irrigation had resumed, demonstrating recovery in the photosynthetic capacity of the sorghum plant. With post-flowering stress, the chlorophyll index decreased significantly 30 days after the stress, affecting grain filling, with consequent yield loss. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-04T02:08:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grain-sorghum-under.pdf: 504317 bytes, checksum: 3fc3c875b8c487324447a79b2e1a6a84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

This study investigated the interaction between two pest biological control agents, the parasitoidwasp Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) and the entomopathogen Bacillusthuringiensis (Bacillales: Bacillacea) (Bt). The aim of this study was to evaluate if the presence of Bt (for-mulated products Agree®, Dipel®and HD1 and HD11 strains) interferes in the oviposition preference ofT. pretiosum to eggs of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using an olfactometry test, the eggs ofH. zea were bathed with the commercial formulations, with the Bt suspensions or distilled water, andoffered to the parasitoid wasps in order to evaluate parasitism. The results showed that H. zea eggs sprayedwith commercial formulations and Bt strains did not interfere in the choice made by the parasitoid. Theparasitoid wasp is not able to distinguish between eggs with or without B. thuringiensis treatment, inde-pendently of strains suspension or commercial formulations. Therefore, these two control agents may beused together without negative interaction. Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-26T01:39:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doesbacillus.pdf: 679698 bytes, checksum: 4542ef83d063596d7c5f606ebd7e8e21 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-10-24

Plants present constitutive or induced defense mechanisms against herbivory. In addition, studies show that there are interactions between these different defense mechanisms when multiple species infestations occur. This study investigated the interaction between maize defensive mechanisms to control two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) under single and double species infestations with this spider mite and fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with the following treatments: uninfested Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner; Bacillaceae) and conventional maize, single infestation with spider mite on Bt and conventional maize, and both maize types with infestations of spider mite and fall armyworm. Two d after infestation, all treatments were re-infested with spider mite. The number of eggs, immatures, and adult females (alive and dead) were recorded for re-infested populations. In addition, a leaf sample was taken from all maize plants for spectrometric analysis. There was no significant difference of biological variables of spider mite between Bt and conventional plants, as well as the ones from pre-infested and non-infested plants. The same chemical pattern of ions was observed on plants in these 4 groups. In the conventional pre-infested plants with spider mite and fall armyworm, the population of re-infested mite showed reduced survival and fertility. Defensive compounds detected were HMBOAGlc, Linoleoyl-GPI, and kaempferol rutinose. It was suggested that there is direct induced defense against spider mite in conventional maize in multiple infestations with spider mite and fall armyworm. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-06T16:00:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Multiple-infestations.pdf: 2186127 bytes, checksum: c18aab65076b72796e9074f39179b607 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

In the current scenario of climate change, sorghum crop has high growth potential, requiring adaptation and selection studies for the various Brazilian production environments. Sorghum is among the most drought-tolerant cereals; however, extended summer can reduce the size and number of grains in the plant, reflecting into poorer yields. Sorghum breeding programs aim to develop hybrids more tolerant to water deficit, to ensure profitable yield even in the face of drought stress. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of water restriction on grain sorghum hybrids in the pre- and post-flowering phases in the Brazilian semiarid. Twenty-five hybrids were evaluated under controlled irrigation conditions in Nova Porteirinha-MG and Teresina-PI. In the Nova Porteirinha, the hybrids were cultivated under conditions of non-drought stress and with drought stress in pre- and post-flowering stage. On the other hand, in Teresina, the experiment took place with non-drought stress and drought stress at post-flowering stage. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks, in factorial scheme, with three replications. Drought stress reduced grain yield by more than 40%, showing that even being resistant, sorghum is affected by drought. Hybrids 1168093, 1167092, 1236020 and 1423007 showed high yields in the various environments, outyielding the commercial controls, what allows the recommendation of these cultivars for the semiarid areas or late off-season in the Cerrado region. Made available in DSpace on 2020-07-02T11:11:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GrainSorghumGrownJAS2020.12.4.pdf: 690667 bytes, checksum: 2d7693f45b05bd7cdbc3614dbcda345f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The Brazilian Cerrado stands out in relation to grain production, however, in this region the occurrence of summer and irregular rainfall, drastically harm the non-irrigated production. Conservationist managements favor the soil physical quality and, consequently, the efficiency of soil water consumption. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil physical quality, as a function of the conservation managements adopted, by using physical soil quality indicators, and to verify its relation with the soil organic carbon stocks and the grain yield in the Cerrado of Minas Gerais state, Brazil. For that, six treatments were evaluated: soybean (1) and maize (2) monocultures crop systems at medium level of investment in soil fertilization, soybean-maize crop succession at medium (3) and high (6) level of investment in soil fertilization, and crop succession of soybean-maize and intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis at medium (4) and high (5) level of investment in soil fertilization, during the initial stage of no-tillage system. The treatments 3, 4, 5 and 6 showed improvement in the soil physical quality in relation to the monoculture. Pore distribution and soil organic carbon content were the main responsible for discriminating the intensified crop systems. Attributes related to water availability were important for plant growth in the 0-0.05 m layer, while for the 0.15-0.20 m layer, the highest soil aeration stood out. Productivity did not correlate with the evaluated attributes. Made available in DSpace on 2020-12-23T09:03:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Soil-physical.pdf: 2382868 bytes, checksum: d980518e05247a91eb65787f543be67f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The natural biological control of soil pests is poorly studied. Notably, the control of Helicoverpa armigera in the pupae stage is unknown. To increase knowledge about the control of this pest in organic and conventional maize crop, tests were conducted to verify if the duration of pupae availability in days, the type of crop treatment (organic and conventional), the stage of crop development, and the depth of the soil significantly affect predation by natural enemies. The pupae availability time (days) in the soil did not affect their removal by natural enemies. However, in the fallow stage, on the surface and in the reproductive phase, the predation was higher. In organic maize, predation was 15% higher when compared to conventional maize. The rupture of the soil and the possible losses associated with beneficial fauna were the main factors responsible for higher predation during fallow, so conservationist practices usually used in organic treatment are the main reason for higher predation in this type of crop. There is a significant decrease in the control of H. armigera pests by natural enemies when maize is grown using conventional practices, what reinforces the importance of the conservation techniques used in maize crops Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-22T04:39:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Natural-control.pdf: 881979 bytes, checksum: 99e4c1eb68493438c0bdf454776df3f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Direct and indirect induced defense mechanisms against herbivores can be manifested in maize (Zea mays L.) plants. Furthermore, there are constitutive defenses in which plants continuously express resistance traces. In recent decades has increased the production of transgenic maize plants that constitutively express proteins with insecticide action (Bt maize). The increase of the use of transgenic maize cultivars with the Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) gene demand studies that evaluate the impacts caused by this technology on plant defense mechanisms and their impact on non-targeted organisms, as the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). We tested the hypothesis that Bt maize plants (expressing Cry1F protein) would be capable of inducing direct defenses to T. urticae after being attacked by these mites. Thus, we used plants of a commercial maize hybrid (30F35 Hx - expressing Cry1F protein) and plants of its respective non-Bt isogenic line (control). We compared the survival and reproductive performances of T. urticae on plants of both lines that were previously infested with conspecifics and on plants that did not suffer pre-infestations. The previous infestation of maize plants by T. urticae did not impacted the survival and reproductive abilities of adult and immature forms of the conspecific in both genotypes. These results suggest that, Bt maize expressing the Cry1F insecticidal protein, does not interfere in the induction of direct defense by the T. urticae when compared with conventional maize plants. Made available in DSpace on 2019-07-03T00:40:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Directdefense.pdf: 233644 bytes, checksum: 95b0f45f1756a1bb512e2c81371f901f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Edible flowers have been increasingly used in the Brazilian gastronomy because they are considered functional foods with high antioxidant potential. Studies on the management of cultivation of edible flowers to increase the production of bioactive compounds have been developed aiming at the improvement of production systems. The objective of this work was to evaluate the production of bioactive compounds in garden pansy (Viola wittrockiana Gams ex Nauenb. & Buttler) plants submitted to different levels of irrigation and mycorrhizal inoculation. The greenhouse experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in a 2x5 factorial design with the presence and absence of mycorrhizal inoculation in combination with 5 levels of water evaporation (120%, 100%, 80%, 60% and 40%) replaced by irrigation, totaling 10 treatments with 6 replicates. The contents of bioactive compounds (total phenolic compounds, flavonoids and total anthocyanins) present in the flowers, collected over the reproductive period, were evaluated. There was a significant interaction between the factors mycorrhizal inoculation and irrigation levels by F test (p < 0.05) for total flavonoids and anthocyanins. The best results in the production of bioactive compounds were obtained for irrigation at the 100% replenishment level of water evaporation without the presence of mycorrhizal inoculation. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-12T18:17:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bioactivecompounds.pdf: 502534 bytes, checksum: 8a5fc5b3d7b289308a791469fcf902cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

Soils with improved fertility indicate opportunities for more rational use of fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the management of potassium fertilization in the succession of soybean-corn in soil with improved fertility, in the southwestern region of the state, Goiás. The experiment was set in 5×3 factorial scheme, arranged in randomized blocks with four repetitions. The treatments consisted of the combination of potassium doses (0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 kg ha-1 of K2O) and seasons of application (100% of the dose in pre-planting, 100% of the dose in coverage and in installments with 50% of the dose in pre-planting + 50% in coverage). The best performance of soybean, considering grain yield, was obtained with the parceled application of 80 kg ha-1 of K2O, with production of 3.6 Mg ha-1. The highest corn production was obtained with the anticipated application of 160 kg ha-1 of K2O in soybean. In the management of potassium fertilization in improved fertility soil in the soybean-corn succession, the parceled application of 120 kg ha-1 of K2O kept the available K reserve in the soil constant when compared to its initial content. Made available in DSpace on 2019-12-10T18:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dosesapplication.pdf: 321322 bytes, checksum: abbf1760d1907cba6e8e41073e03def4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019

CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Outra Agência A adubação nitrogenada modifica os padrões morfogênicos de crescimento das forrageiras. Logo, estudos sobre a resposta de plantas recém lançadas, como a capim BRS Quênia, à adubação podem contribuir sobremaneira com a recomendação estratégias de manejo e doses mais apropriadas do adubo. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar a alocação de biomassa aérea e radicular, resposta morfogênica e a eficiência agronômica da adubação em plantas de Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia, sem adubação e adubadas com 50, 100 e 200 mg.dm-3 de nitrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com quatro repetições. As proporções de folha foram maiores que as proporções de colmo, independentemente da adubação nitrogenada. Houve maiores incrementos na produção de parte aérea em detrimento a produção de raiz. O aumento da adubação implicou em menor intervalo entre o surgimento das folhas do capim BRS Quênia, bem como aumentou o número de perfilhos por planta. A medida que se incrementa a adubação nitrogenada há diminuição da eficiência de uso do adubo. A adubação nitrogenada influencia positivamente a produção de forragem em plantas de Panicum maximum BRS Quênia e, independentemente da dose de adubação nitrogenada, a parte aérea funciona como principal dreno de nitrogênio. Nitrogen fertilization modifies the morphogen patterns of forage growth. Therefore, studies on the response of newly introduced plants, such as BRS Quênia, to fertilization can contribute greatly with the recommendation of management strategies and more appropriate doses of fertilizer. The objective with this research was to evaluate aboveground and root dry mass production and the morphogenetic and structural characteristics, as well as the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen fertilization in Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia, without fertilization and submitted to nitrogen levels (50, 100 and 200 mg/dm3). The experiment was conducted in the greenhouse in a completely randomized design whit four replication. Production characteristics and morphogenetic and structural characteristics of the plants were evaluated. The grass BRS Quênia responded to nitrogen fertilization for all characteristics evaluated. Leaf proportions were higher than stem proportions, regardless of nitrogen fertilization. There were larger increases in aboveground mass production than root production. The increase in fertilization implied in a shorter interval between the emergence of leaves of BRS Quênia grass, as well as increased number of tillers per plant. As nitrogen fertilization increases, there is a decrease in fertilizer efficiency. Nitrogen fertilization positively influences forage production in Panicum maximum BRS Quênia plants and, independently of nitrogen dosage, the aboveground mass acts as the main nitrogen drain.

O sorgo está associado a várias propriedades funcionais pelo fato de conter altos níveis de compostos fenólicos, como flavonoides, flavonas e flavanonas. No entanto, estes compostos são sensíveis ao período e condições de armazenamento. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a retenção de luteolina, apigenina, naringenina e eriodictilol nos genótipos de sorgo SC319 (farinha e grão) e TX430 (farinha e farelo) armazenados por 180 dias a 4, 25 e 40 °C. Estes compostos foram quantificados por cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho acoplada a detector de arranjo de diodos. Houve efeito do tempo de armazenamento, que favoreceu a redução de flavona e flavanona nos genótipos avaliados. A temperatura de armazenamento influenciou as flavonas mais do que o conteúdo de flavanona. As retenções variaram de 70,27 a 88,72% para luteolina, 69,04 a 99,15% para apigenina, 56,92 a 88,51% para naringenina e de 77,10 a 93,42% para eriodictilol nas três temperaturas no final de 180 dias. Embora as flavonas e flavanonas tenham sido melhor conservadas a 4 °C (cerca de 88% de retenção), em temperatura ambiente (25 °C), as retenções de flavonas e flavanonas foram pelo menos 77% e 85% após 180 dias. Made available in DSpace on 2019-01-11T00:07:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Retentionsome.pdf: 815232 bytes, checksum: 70dc7db822f68e59f1177829851ce142 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019-01-09

Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-11T00:42:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cryprotein.pdf: 967620 bytes, checksum: 2788feb1063a9ec6632c14df872b2d03 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-10

The study of non-target organisms such as mites, can provide information about the possible effects of transgenic maize cultivars on the arthropod community. This study aimed to evaluate the abundance of phytophagous mites in the area of Bt maize and evaluate the instantaneous population growth rate, and food preference of phytophagous mites on Bt maize. We registered the species occurrence and the number of adult mite individuals on four maize cultivars, one non-Bt 30F35, and three containing the proteins Cry1Ab (30F35 Yg), Cry1F (30F35 Hx) and Vip3a (Impacto Viptera). Cry proteins disrupt the midgut epithelium of insect pests. The food preference and instantaneous population growth rate (ri) were evaluated using the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae as model. The species Catarhinus tricholaenae and Aceria zeala were recorded. The Bt maize cultivars did not significantly affect the average number of C. tricholaenae and A. zeala mites compared to conventional cultivar. The population growth rates of T. urticae were similar for the different maize cultivars. T. urticae showed no preference between the leaf of Bt or conventional cultivars. Bt maize did not affect the abundance of species in phytophagous mite. Key words: plant defense, Non-target organisms, Genetically modified organisms Bt protein, Diptilomiopidae, Eriophyidae, Tetranychidae. RESUMO: O estudo de organismos não-alvo, tais como ácaros, pode fornecer informações sobre os possíveis efeitos de cultivares de milho transgênico na comunidade de artrópodos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a abundância de ácaros fitófagos na área de milho Bt e avaliar a taxa de crescimento populacional instantânea e preferência alimentar de ácaros fitófagos em milho Bt. Registramos a ocorrência de espécies e número de indivíduos adultos de ácaros em quatro cultivares de milho, um não-Bt 30F35, e três contendo a proteína Cry1Ab (30F35 Yg), Cry1F (30F35 Hx) e VIP3A (Impacto Viptera). A preferência alimentar e taxa instantânea de crescimento populacional foram avaliadas utilizando fêmeas adultas do ácaro-rajado Tetranychus urticae. As espécies Catarhinus tricholaenae e Aceria zeala foram registradas. As cultivares de milho Bt não afetaram significativamente o número médio de ácaros C. tricholaenae e A. zeala em relação ao cultivar convencional. As taxas de crescimento populacional de T. urticae foram similares para os diferentes cultivares. T. urticae não mostrou preferência entre a folha de milho Bt ou cultivares convencionais. Sugere-se, então, que o milho Bt não afeta a abundância de espécies, preferência alimentar e taxa de crescimento de ácaros fitófagos. Made available in DSpace on 2017-09-24T00:12:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Phytophagousmites.pdf: 949697 bytes, checksum: f49937d582bd94401ee54d0aeafdbec2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-22

L'Oreal/Academia Brasileira de Ciencias/Unesco (Grant for Women in Science) Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Este trabalho estuda as propriedades fluorescentes e solvatocrômicas da cumarina e seus derivados visando contribuir na elucidação do comportamento do estado excitado dessas moléculas em misturas de solventes. Esta abordagem foi desenvolvida através de medidas que envolveram diferentes relações de solventes com constantes dielétricas distintas. Os máximos de excitação e emissão de fluorescência foram deslocados para o azul nas misturas com maior proporção do solvente orgânico e o deslocamento de Stokes foi menor em misturas com menor parâmetro de polaridade do solvente, Δf. A intensidade de emissão de cumarina foi extremamente sensível à polaridade e às diferentes conformações estruturais dos solventes. Estas conformações influenciaram diretamente no comportamento espectroscópico e explicam o desvio da linearidade da relação de Lippert-Mataga. A utilização de espectroscopia de fluorescência possibilita o conhecimento do comportamento destes derivados quando em diferentes ambientes, sendo de extrema importância para a identificação e caracterização desses compostos em formulações farmacêuticas. This work studied the fluorescent and solvatochromic properties of coumarin and its derivatives aiming to contribute in the elucidation of the excited state behavior of the molecule in solvent mixtures. This approach has been developed through a set of measurements involving different solvent ratios, which present distinct dielectric constants. The excitation and fluorescence maxima were largely blue-shifted with increasing participation of the organic solvent and the Stokes shifts were unusually low in mixtures with lower solvent polarity parameter, Δf. The emission intensity of coumarin was extremely sensitive to the polarity and the different structural conformations of solvents. These results influenced the spectroscopic behavior and explain the deviation from the linearity of the Lippert-Mataga relationship. The use of fluorescence spectroscopy makes the understanding of the behavior of the systems studied when in the presence of different environments being extremely important for the identification and characterization of coumarin in different pharmaceutical formulations. Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade do Vale do Paraíba Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal do ABC Centro de Engenharia, Modelagem e Ciências Sociais Aplicadas Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra Universidade Federal de Pelotas Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos Universidade Federal do ABC Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas UNIFESP, Depto. de Ciências Exatas e da Terra 479655/2008-1 e 474019/2012-8 08/50588-6 e 06/56701-3 SciELO

This experiment was carried out with the objectives of determining repeatability coefficients, the number of harvests necessary to increase accuracy and the genotypic stability of yield characteristics in Brachiaria brizantha cultivars in the northeast region of Brazil in the period from July 2009 to March 2011. The experimental design used was completely randomized with three treatments (Brachiaria brizantha var. Marandu, Xaraés and Piatã) and three replications. Each plot was harvested seven times: five in the rainy season and two in the dry season. Immediately after each harvest, the forage was weighed and dried to obtain total, stem, leaf and dead dry matter yields. For the estimation of the repeatability coefficient, analysis of variance, principal components (correlation and covariance matrices) and structural analyses were used. The repeatability coefficients (r) obtained by the different methods, for all characteristics evaluated, varied from 0.009 to 0.837. The estimates of the repeatability coefficients obtained for all characteristics evaluated by the method of analyses of variance were almost always lower than those obtained by the other methods. By the principal components method (based on the covariance matrix), the estimates were always higher than those from other methods. Considering that levels of 80 or 90% confidence are satisfactory in the evaluation of the relative superiority of the cultivars for all the evaluated characteristics, with the exception of dead matter yield, the seven harvests are sufficient for the choice of the best cultivar to be used in the northeast region of Brazil. Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-23T00:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 46RepeatabilityofagronomiccharactersinBrachiariabrizanthacultivars2013.pdf: 322049 bytes, checksum: 2a2969945ae1898faeae823b4f673faa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22

Irrigation can provide significant agronomic and financial returns on agricultural activity. The maximization of the benefits obtained from irrigation depends, among other factors, on the water use efficiency, which is intrinsically related to application uniformity. For the sprinkler method, the irrigation uniformity assessment is based on results of labor-intensive field tests in which the two-dimensional water distribution pattern is measured in a grid of catch cans. The aim of this study was to evaluate a simplified methodology for determining the irrigation uniformity using water depth distribution data of a single sprinkler head in operation, positioned at the intersection of two diagonal alignments containing regularly spaced catch cans. Three methods to simulate the spatial water distribution on the alignments were evaluated: linear interpolation (LI), cubic spline (SC) and second-degree polynomial regression (PR). Each of these methods were associated with a procedure to calculate the two-dimensional spatial water distribution. The adequacy of the LI and SC modeling methods was verified by using the Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test (p-value < 0.05) applied to the data of the field tests. Mean values of the coefficient of efficiency equals to 0.771 and 0.785 were obtained for the LI and SC methods, respectively. The PR method underperformed the others Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-31T02:06:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Two-dimensional.pdf: 1834811 bytes, checksum: 7b8ae706221e0abf2f1c52e96fc54b80 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

International audience

Aluminum (Al) toxicity on acid soils adversely affects maize yields, which can be overcome by combining soil amendments with genetic tolerance. In maize, ZmMATE1 confers Al tolerance via Al-activated citrate release, whereby citrate forms non-toxic complexes with Al3+ in the rhizosphere. Here, we investigated Al tolerance mechanisms in maize germplasm originated from Kenya based on quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping. Five QTLs and four epistatic interactions explained ~51% of the phenotypic variation for Al tolerance. The lack of Al tolerance QTL on chromosome 6 and the much lower expression of ZmMATE1 in both Kenyan lines than in Cateto Al237, which donates the superior allele of ZmMATE1, strongly indicate that this gene does not play a significant role in Al tolerance in neither parent. In turn, maize homologs to genes previously implicated in Al tolerance in other species, ZmNrat1, ZmMATE3, ZmWRKY and ZmART1, co-localized with Al tolerance QTL and were more highly expressed in the parent that donate favorable QTL alleles. However, these candidate genes will require further studies for functional validation on maize Al tolerance. The existence of Al tolerance mechanisms independent from ZmMATE1 suggests it is possible to develop highly Al tolerant cultivars by pyramiding complementary Al tolerance genes in maize.

In this work, it was numerically evaluated the influence of the modulus of elasticity parallel to the wood grain on the stability of trussed arches considering a nonlinear geometric analysis based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). This approach was carried out according to a positional formulation of the FEM, considering the structural nodes as main variables of the nonlinear equations system, whose resolution was obtained using the Newton-Raphson method. Altogether, seven arch models were evaluated, consisting of coniferous and hardwoods, with properties defined according to the strength classes of the Brazilian standard ABNT NBR 7190. The subroutines were written in MATLAB to solve the system of nonlinear equations and perform the analysis, including the graphical representation of the results and configurations of the trussed arch. Internal loads and displacements were obtained, in addition to the instability loads of the trussed arches. It was found that the instability load of the arch made with the stiffest hardwood (D60) was approximately equal to 700% of the instability load of the C20 coniferous class and equivalent to 257.8% of the D20 hardwood class-related load. It was verified that the modulus of elasticity significantly influences the nonlinear geometric behavior of the timber trussed arch. Furthermore, the nonlinear geometric analysis allowed calculating more accurate parameters and the verification of the stability of the structural system. RESUMO Neste trabalho avaliou-se numericamente a influência do módulo de elasticidade paralelo às fibras da madeira na estabilidade de arcos treliçados, considerando uma análise não linear geométrica baseada no Método dos Elementos Finitos (MEF). Essa abordagem foi realizada conforme uma formulação posicional do MEF, atribuindo-se os nós da estrutura como variáveis principais do sistema de equações não lineares, cuja resolução foi alcançada pelo método de Newton-Raphson. Ao todo, sete modelos de arco foram avaliados adotando-se madeiras coníferas e folhosas, com propriedades definidas segundo as classes de resistência da norma brasileira ABNT NBR 7190. Subrotinas foram desenvolvidas em linguagem MATLAB para resolução do sistema de equações não lineares e processamento da análise, incluindo a representação gráfica dos resultados e configurações do arco treliçado. Valores de esforços internos e deslocamentos foram determinados, assim como as forças de instabilidade dos arcos treliçados. Verificou-se que a força de instabilidade do arco constituído pela madeira folhosa mais rígida (D60) foi aproximadamente igual a 700% da força de instabilidade referente à classe conífera C20, e equivalente a 257,8% da força associada à classe folhosa D20. Concluiu-se que o módulo de elasticidade apresentou influência significativa no comportamento não linear geométrico do arco treliçado de madeira. Além disso, a análise não linear geométrica possibilitou o cálculo de parâmetros mais precisos e a verificação da estabilidade do sistema estrutural.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:37:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-02-01 Coumarin and umbelliferone are the active principles of Justicia pectoralis, a native Brazilian medicinal plant that is threatened by overexploitation and habitat fragmentation. Considering that its cultivation under appropriate conditions would be more sustainable than wild collection, here we examined how season, developmental stage, harvesting frequency, and light intensity affect the agronomical characteristics and chemical profile of a high-yield J. pectoralis genotype. Plants were propagated from cuttings, transplanted to experimental plots, and grown on under full sunlight or 50% and 80% shading. Plants were harvested after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of growth, or pruned at these time points in a manner that allowed their regrowth over further 3 months. Chemical analysis of extracts from the aerial parts was performed by UPLC and HPLC. Cultivation under full sunlight or 50% shade promoted plant growth and production of coumarins the most effectively. Accumulation of coumarin and fresh and dry biomass were maximal in 12-month-old plants harvested in the summer, when the temperature was high, rainfall abundant, and flowering had terminated. The highest levels of umbelliferone were detected in 6-month-old flowering plants harvested in the winter, when the temperature was low and rainfall limited. The capacity of plants to accumulate biomass and coumarins did not decline with successive pruning and regrowth; hence, the genotype could be exploited in a continuous and systematic manner without frequent replanting. The results presented herein contribute to the large-scale cultivation of J. pectoralis and preparation of phytomedicines of quality. Departamento de Horticultura Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu Departamento de Biotecnologia Universidade de Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Química Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto Departamento de Ciências Naturais Universidade Federal de São João del Rei Jardim Botânico de Plantas Medicinais Ordem e Progresso, Jardinópolis Departamento de Horticultura Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, Botucatu

Successful mitigation efforts entail accurate estimation of on-farm emission and prediction models can be an alternative to current laborious and costly in vivo CH4 measurement techniques. This study aimed to: (1) collate a database of individual dairy cattle CH4 emission data from studies conducted in the Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region; (2) identify key variables for predicting CH4 production (g d−1) and yield [g kg−1 of dry matter intake (DMI)]; (3) develop and cross-validate these newly-developed models; and (4) compare models' predictive ability with equations currently used to support national greenhouse gas (GHG) inventories. A total of 42 studies including 1327 individual dairy cattle records were collated. After removing outliers, the final database retained 34 studies and 610 animal records. Production and yield of CH4 were predicted by fitting mixed-effects models with a random effect of study. Evaluation of developed models and fourteen extant equations was assessed on all-data, confined, and grazing cows subsets. Feed intake was the most important predictor of CH4 production. Our best-developed CH4 production models outperformed Tier 2 equations from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in the all-data and grazing subsets, whereas they had similar performance for confined animals. Developed CH4 production models that include milk yield can be accurate and useful when feed intake is missing. Some extant equations had similar predictive performance to our best-developed models and can be an option for predicting CH4 production from LAC dairy cows. Extant equations were not accurate in predicting CH4 yield. The use of the newly-developed models rather than extant equations based on energy conversion factors, as applied by the IPCC, can substantially improve the accuracy of GHG inventories in LAC countries. Made available in DSpace on 2022-09-16T18:05:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PredictionOfEntericMethaneProductionAndYieldInDairyCattleUsingALatinAmericaAndCaribbeanDatabase.pdf: 8419936 bytes, checksum: d329346d1445b50492a3d593140a2385 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Studies evaluating the effectiveness of herbicides on weed control, coupled with the sustainability of the weed management system, are of great importance. The present study aims to evaluate the efficacy of post-emergence herbicides applied to maize while inferring the sustainability of the treatments employing an ecological approach. The experiment was installed in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of the application of atrazine at the dose of 1500 g ha-1; atrazine + mesotrione at 1500 + 72 g ha-1; atrazine + tembotrione at 1500 + 100.8 g ha-1; atrazine + nicosulfuron at 1500 + 22.5 g ha-1; atrazine + glyphosate at 1500 g ha-1 + 792.5 g ha-1, in addition to weeded and infested control treatments. The herbicides were applied at the 4 leaf stage of maize. The phytotoxicity and control efficacy was assessed 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after applying treatments (DAT). In addition, a phytosociological survey of all plots was carried out in the last assessment. Herbicides did not cause phytotoxicity symptoms to the crop. However, associations of atrazine with glyphosate and atrazine with tembotrione promoted the greater effectiveness of weed control. Despite being classified as one of the treatments with better effectiveness, the association between glyphosate and atrazine, caused a more significant reduction in the diversity of the plant community, and alternative weed management practices should be applied to maize cropping fields to avoid weed selection. RESUMO - Estudos avaliando a eficácia de herbicidas no controle de plantas daninhas, aliados à sustentabilidade do sistema de manejo de plantas daninhas, são de grande importância. O presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a eficácia de herbicidas pós-emergência aplicados ao milho e inferir a sustentabilidade dos tratamentos utilizando uma abordagem ecológica. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento de blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram na aplicação de atrazina na dose de 1500 g ha-1; atrazina + mesotriona a 1500 + 72 g ha-1; atrazina + tembotriona a 1500 + 100,8 g ha-1; atrazina + nicossulfurão a 1500 + 22,5 g ha-1; atrazina + glifosato a 1500 g ha-1 + 792,5 g ha-1, além dos tratamentos de controle capinado e infestado. Os herbicidas foram aplicados no estádio de 4 folhas do milho. A fitotoxicidade e a eficácia do controle foram avaliadas 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos (DAT). Além disso, na última avaliação foi realizado um levantamento fitossociológico de todas as parcelas. Os herbicidas não causaram sintomas de fitotoxicidade à cultura. No entanto, associações de atrazina com glyphosate e atrazina com tembotrione promoveram maior eficácia no controle de plantas daninhas. Apesar de ser classificado como um dos tratamentos com melhor eficácia, a associação entre glyphosate e atrazina, causou uma redução mais significativa na diversidade da comunidade vegetal, e práticas alternativas de manejo de plantas daninhas devem ser aplicadas aos campos de cultivo de milho para evitar a seleção de plantas daninhas. Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-11T12:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Control-efficacy-and-phytosociological-characterization-of-weeds.pdf: 805654 bytes, checksum: 7004ec3b386e2074911e1d327a2e04b6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

The contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from ruminant production systems varies between countries and between regions within individual countries. The appropriate quantification of GHG emissions, specifically methane (CH4), has raised questions about the correct reporting of GHG inventories and, perhaps more importantly, how best to mitigate CH4 emissions. This review documents existing methods and methodologies to measure and estimate CH4 emissions from ruminant animals and the manure produced therein over various scales and conditions. Measurements of CH4 have frequently been conducted in research settings using classical methodologies developed for bioenergetic purposes, such as gas exchange techniques (respiration chambers, headboxes). While very precise, these techniques are limited to research settings as they are expensive, labor-intensive, and applicable only to a few animals. Head-stalls, such as the GreenFeed system, have been used to measure expired CH4 for individual animals housed alone or in groups in confinement or grazing. This technique requires frequent animal visitation over the diurnal measurement period and an adequate number of collection days. The tracer gas technique can be used to measure CH4 from individual animals housed outdoors, as there is a need to ensure low background concentrations. Micrometeorological techniques (e.g., open-path lasers) can measure CH4 emissions over larger areas and many animals, but limitations exist, including the need to measure over more extended periods. Measurement of CH4 emissions from manure depends on the type of storage, animal housing, CH4 concentration inside and outside the boundaries of the area of interest, and ventilation rate, which is likely the variable that contributes the greatest to measurement uncertainty. For large-scale areas, aircraft, drones, and satellites have been used in association with the tracer flux method, inverse modeling, imagery, and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), but research is lagging in validating these methods. Bottom-up approaches to estimating CH4 emissions rely on empirical or mechanistic modeling to quantify the contribution of individual sources (enteric and manure). In contrast, top-down approaches estimate the amount of CH4 in the atmosphere using spatial and temporal models to account for transportation from an emitter to an observation point. While these two estimation approaches rarely agree, they help identify knowledge gaps and research requirements in practice., Journal of Animal Science, 100 (7), ISSN:1525-3163, ISSN:0021-8812

Simple Summary Understanding the perception of dairy farmers regarding precision livestock technologies is crucial for creating strategic actions that will increase the rate of adoption and usage of such technologies. A survey study was applied to 378 dairy farms located in Brazil. The farmers were characterized based on technology usage, farmer profile, farm characteristics, and production indexes. The farms were classified into seven clusters: (1) top yield farms; (2) medium–high yield, medium-tech; (3) medium yield and top high-tech; (4) medium yield and medium-tech (5); young medium–low yield and low-tech; (6) elderly medium–low yield and low-tech; and (7) low-tech grazing. Our study helped to elucidate the farmer’s perception about precision technologies and to shed light on challenges that need to be addressed by scientific research and extension programs. Abstract The use of precision farming technologies, such as milking robots, automated calf feeders, wearable sensors, and others, has significantly increased in dairy operations over the last few years. The growing interest in farming technologies to reduce labor, maximize productivity, and increase profitability is becoming noticeable in several countries, including Brazil. Information regarding technology adoption, perception, and effectiveness in dairy farms could shed light on challenges that need to be addressed by scientific research and extension programs. The objective of this study was to characterize Brazilian dairy farms based on technology usage. Factors such as willingness to invest in precision technologies, adoption of sensor systems, farmer profile, farm characteristics, and production indexes were investigated in 378 dairy farms located in Brazil. A survey with 22 questions was developed and distributed via Google Forms from July 2018 to July 2020. The farms were then classified into seven clusters: (1) top yield farms; (2) medium–high yield, medium-tech; (3) medium yield and top high-tech; (4) medium yield and medium-tech; (5) young medium–low yield and low-tech; (6) elderly medium–low yield and low-tech; and (7) low-tech grazing. The most frequent technologies adopted by producers were milk meters systems (31.7%), milking parlor smart gate (14.5%), sensor systems to detect mastitis (8.4%), cow activity meter (7.1%), and body temperature (7.9%). Based on a scale containing numerical values (1–5), producers indicated “available technical support” (mean; σ2) (4.55; 0.80) as the most important decision criterion involved in adopting technology, followed by “return on investment—ROI” (4.48; 0.80), “user-friendliness” (4.39; 0.88), “upfront investment cost” (4.36; 0.81), and “compatibility with farm management software” (4.2; 1.02). The most important factors precluding investment in precision dairy technologies were the need for investment in other sectors of the farm (36%), the uncertainty of ROI (24%), and lack of integration with other farm systems and software (11%). Farmers indicated that the most useful technologies were automatic milk meters systems (mean; σ2) (4.05; 1.66), sensor systems for mastitis detection (4.00; 1.57), automatic feeding systems (3.50; 2.05), cow activity meter (3.45; 1.95), and in-line milk analyzers (3.45; 1.95). Overall, the concerns related to data integration, ROI, and user-friendliness of technologies are similar to those of dairy farms located in other countries. Increasing available technical support for sensing technology can have a positive impact on technology adoption.

This study aimed to develop and characterize the nutritional, antioxidant, and sensory properties of different cream cheese formulations added with raw or extruded BRS305 sorghum flours (SF) with brown pericarp and tannins. Five formulations were elaborated: (F0) cream cheese without SF (control); (RF1%) cream cheese with 1% of raw SF; (RF2%) cream cheese with 2% of raw SF; (EF1%) cream cheese with 1% of extruded SF; (EF2%) cream cheese with 2% extruded SF. There was significant variation (p < 0.05) concerning color among treatments, and the EF2% formulation was the darkest colored. Samples containing SF had higher protein and lower fat contents than the control. The antioxidant capacity, total phenolic, and condensed tannins contents were higher in RF2% and EF2%. The EF2% and RF2% samples showed the highest values for firmness (p < 0.05). The sensory parameters aroma and spreadability were not different (p > 0.05) among the products. Regarding flavor, overall impression, and purchase intention, the samples added with raw flour presented the best results, demonstrating that the presence of SF, did not influence the acceptance of the cream cheese. Therefore, adding raw or extruded BRS305 SF in cream cheese might be a nutritionally, technologically, and viable sensorial option. Made available in DSpace on 2021-11-09T19:00:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tannin-sorghum.pdf: 1480433 bytes, checksum: 0b16e8a6b49767a4221c3bd3c8e27a13 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:45:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-11-01 Aquaculture has tremendous importance in providing food for a growing world population. Nevertheless, unsustainable aquaculture causes nutrient buildup and favors biological invasions in natural habitats, demanding strategies to regulate such activity and therefore minimize environmental risks. Contrary to these concerns, the Brazilian Government has recently issued a new Federal Decree (10576/2020) encouraging the farming of invasive non-native species and excluding the Ministry of Environment from the legal process of issuing fish farming permits in reservoirs. The Decree increases the risk of non-native species establishment in inland waters at a national level and their propagation into neighboring countries, such as Argentina, Bolivia, Paraguay, and Uruguay. These consequences will endanger preserved freshwater ecosystems in the continent, including their native biodiversity, which represents both a problem of national sovereignty and a threat to the fundamental human right for a healthy environment. For this reason, the Decree contradicts the Brazilian Federal Constitution and conflicts with international treaties regulating invasive species and promoting sustainable development. It calls for immediate legal action and is yet another unfortunate sign of the increasing gap between science and decision making that has plagued the country in recent years. Laboratório de Ecologia Aplicada Departamento de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei Núcleo de Pesquisas em Limnologia Ictiologia e Aquicultura Programa de Pós-Graduação de Ecologia de Ambientes Aquáticos Continentais Universidade Estadual de Maringá Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sustentabilidade de Ecossistemas Costeiros e Marinhos UNISANTA Instituto de Biodiversidade e Sustentabilidade Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação Departamento de Engenharia Ambiental Universidade Federal do Paraná Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Centro Nacional de Pesquisa e Conservação de Peixes Continentais (CEPTA) Instituto Nacional de Limnología Universidad Nacional del Litoral Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Laboratório de Ecologia e Conservação de Ecossistemas Aquáticos Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Mato Grosso Departmento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental Universidad de la República CURE Maldonado Belo Horizonte Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de São Paulo Laboratório de Ictiologia Setor de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Laboratorio de Evolución y Sistemática Facultad de Ciencias UdelaR Departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Dirección General de Protección y Conservación de Biodiversidad Ministerio del Ambiente y Desarrollo Sostenible Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas Laboratório de Ecologia de Peixes e Invasões Biológicas (LEPIB) Universidade Estadual de Londrina Polo de Ecología Fluvial CENUR Litoral Norte – Sede Paysandú Departamento de Biodiversidade Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR) Núcleo de Ecologia Aquática e Pesca da Amazônia - NEAP Universidade Federal do Pará Departamento de Ecología y Evolución Facultad de Ciencias UdelaR Departamento de Ecología y Gestión Ambiental CURE Departamento de Zoologia Universidade Estadual de São Paulo

International audience; The Internet of Musical Things (IoMusT) is an interdisciplinary area that encompasses concepts from the Internet of Things, ubiquitous music, new interfaces for musical expression, human-computer interaction, and participatory art. Despite being a recent field of study, it already presents well-defined contributions and challenges to the interdisciplinary areas involved on it. Among the challenges, we highlight the lack of standardization in the protocols and data that circulate in these environments and also a possible lack of interoperability between devices. To contribute to the solution of this problem, this paper presents Sunflower, a tool that allows communication between different technological and musical elements present in an IoMusT environment, focusing on its management strategies based on a parallel established with other tools that help in musical practice via the network.

CdTe/CdS core/shell quantum dots (QDs) are formed in aqueous synthesis via the partial decomposition of hydrophilic thiols, used as surface ligands. In this work, we investigate the influence of the chemical nature (functional group and chain length) of the used surface ligands on the shell formation. Four different surface ligands are compared: 3-mercaptopropionic acid, MPA, thioglycolic acid, TGA, sodium 3-mercaptopropanesulfonate, MPS, and sodium 2-mercaptoethanesulfonate, MES. The QD growth rate increases when the ligand aliphatic chain length decreases due to steric reasons. At the same time, the QDs stabilized with carboxylate ligands grow faster and achieve higher photoluminescence quantum yields compared to those containing sulfonate ligands. The average PL lifetime of TGA and MPA capped QDs is similar (≈20 ns) while in the case of MPS shorter (≈15 ns) and for MES significantly longer (≈30 ns) values are measured. A detailed structural analysis combining powder X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicates the existence of two novel regimes of band alignment: in the case of the mercaptocarboxylate ligands the classic type I band alignment between the core and shell materials is predominant, while the mercaptosulfonate ligands induce a quasi-type II alignment (MES) or an inverted type I alignment (MPS). Finally, the effect of the pH value on the optical properties was evaluated: using a ligand excess in solution allows achieving better stability of the QDs while maintaining high photoluminescence intensity at low pH.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:41:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-06-01 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) It remains unknown whether dairy cows with more reactive temperament produce more enteric methane (CH4) and are less bioenergetically efficient than the calmer ones. The objectives of this study were (a) to evaluate the relationship between cattle temperament assessed by traditionally used tests with energetic metabolism and enteric CH4 emissions by crossbred dairy cows; (b) to assess how cows’ restlessness in respiration chambers affects energetic metabolism and enteric CH4 emissions. Temperament indicators were evaluated for 28 primiparous F1 Holstein-Gyr cows tested singly in the handling corral (entrance time, crush score, flight speed, and flight distance) and during milking (steps, kicks, defecation, rumination, and kick the milking cluster off). Cows’ behaviors within respiration chambers were also recorded for each individual kept singly. Digestibility and calorimetry trials were performed to obtain energy partitioning and CH4 measures. Cows with more reactive temperament in milking (the ones that kicked the milking cluster off more frequently) spent 25.24% less net energy on lactation (P = 0.04) and emitted 36.77% more enteric CH4/kg of milk (P = 0.03). Furthermore, cows that showed a higher frequency of rumination at milking parlor allocated 57.93% more net energy for milk production (P < 0.01), spent 50.00% more metabolizable energy for milk production (P < 0.01) and 37.10% less CH4/kg of milk (P = 0.04). Regarding the handling temperament, most reactive cows according to flight speed, lost 29.16% less energy as urine (P = 0.05) and tended to have 14.30% more enteric CH4 production (P = 0.08), as well as cows with a lower entrance time (most reactive) that also lost 13.29% more energy as enteric CH4 (P = 0.04). Temperament and restless behavior of Holstein-Gyr cows were related to metabolic efficiency and enteric CH4 emissions. Cows’ reactivity and rumination in the milking parlor, in addition to flight speed and entrance time in the squeeze chute during handling in the corral, could be useful measures to predict animals more prone to metabolic inefficiency, which could negatively affect the sustainability of dairy systems. Nucleus of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Welfare (NEBEA) Department of Zoology Institute of Biological Sciences Federal University of Juiz de Fora Postgraduation Program in Biodiversity and Nature Conservation Federal University of Juiz de Fora Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation Embrapa Dairy Cattle Department of Bioengineering Federal University of São João Del Rei Group of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Ecology Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP) National Council for Scientific and Technological Development CNPq Researcher Group of Studies and Research in Ethology and Animal Ecology Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP)

One of the major problems in the present scenario is the effect of climate changes and their consequences to the agriculture, mainly due to decreasing water availability. Water restriction is a limiting factor on plants growth, and it can lead to morphophysiological modifications as well as alterations in the plant?s development. Sorghum is a grass widely utilized in agriculture due to its outstanding characteristic of drought resistance, which is higher than the other grasses, therefore being the fifth most sowed grain in the world. The inoculation of growth-promoting rhizobacteria in plants can promote growth and remodel its root system, decreasing the impacts of water restriction. In this sense, this study aims to evaluate the effects of Azospirillum brasilense inoculation in mitigating the water restriction effects in the grain sorghum BRS 332 subjected to two different levels of nitrogen fertilization. Our experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under monitored conditions of temperature and moisture. Plants were treated with two distinct irrigation conditions, two A. brasilense inoculants, one treatment without inoculation, and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (high and low nitrogen fertilization). It was evaluated the differences in their ecophysiological and crop production characteristics. The results showed that plants subjected to drought and associated to rhizobacteria invested in shoot parts, which provided this hybrid higher efficiency between water absorption and loss, and consequently higher stomata efficiency during drought when compared to the control treatment. There was also an increment in the production of the grains, particularly flagrant under lower doses of nitrogen, minimizing the effects caused by drought and decreasing the need to utilize fertilizers. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-05T13:00:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azospirillum-brasilense.pdf: 712792 bytes, checksum: 071fadee110eac01d6f35cd0b66bd295 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

In Brazil, livestock activity is affected by the seasonality of forage supply, which depends on the distribution of rainfall. The use of silage is one of the strategies to solve the problem during the annual dry season. The objective of this study was to use modeling to assess the productivity and quality of the maize silage in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The CSM-CERES-Maize model was used to simulate maize silage production in 18 counties, at 52 sowing dates distributed throughout the year, with and without the use of irrigation. Absence of rainfall during the harvest period was also used as criterion to define the best sowing date in each county. In general, the best sowing dates were concentrated in October and February, respectively, for rainfed water supply and irrigated condition. The maize silage productivity under rainfed condition presented greater interannual variability and lower quality in comparison to that obtained under irrigated conditions. Under optimal soil-water conditions, climatic factors such as temperature and solar radiation are determinant to crop performance. Made available in DSpace on 2022-01-05T13:01:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Sowing-period.pdf: 1339923 bytes, checksum: b623b428844aa371b5cf83010b2fa181 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021

A facile hydrothermal method to synthesize water-soluble copper indium sulfide (CIS) nanocrystals (NCs) at 150 &deg, C is presented. The obtained samples exhibited three distinct photoluminescence peaks in the red, green and blue spectral regions, corresponding to three size fractions, which could be separated by means of size-selective precipitation. While the red and green emitting fractions consist of 4.5 and 2.5 nm CIS NCs, the blue fraction was identified as in situ formed carbon nanodots showing excitation wavelength dependent emission. When used as light absorbers in quantum dot sensitized solar cells, the individual green and red fractions yielded power conversion efficiencies of 2.9% and 2.6%, respectively. With the unfractionated samples, the efficiency values approaching 5% were obtained. This improvement was mainly due to a significantly enhanced photocurrent arising from complementary panchromatic absorption.

The main objective of this study was to characterize the toxicity and genetic divergence of 18 Bacillus thuringiensis strains in the biological control of Spodoptera eridania . Bacterial suspensions were added to the S. eridania diet. Half of the selected B. thuringiensis strains caused high mortality seven days after infection. The genetic divergence of B. thuringiensis strains was assessed based on Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus (ERIC) and Repetitive Extragenic Palindromic (REP) sequences, and five phylogenetic groups were formed. Despite their genetic diversity B. thuringiensis strains did not show any correlation between the collection sites and toxicity to larvae. Some B. thuringiensis strains are highly toxic to S. eridania, thus highlighting the potential of their endotoxins as biopesticides. Made available in DSpace on 2020-01-24T18:15:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Molecularcharacterization.pdf: 1710147 bytes, checksum: 97496a069d958bd447d0de28d1e7209b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Our objective was to compare herbage accumulation and nutritive value of Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. Webster managed under pre-grazing canopy light interception (LI) targets of 90%, 95% and 100% in silvopastoral system (SPS) and 95% in open pasture (OP; U. decumbens under full sunlight) to establish a pre-grazing target for SPS of ~43% shade. The evaluations were made during two rainy seasons and one dry season. The total herbage accumulation in SPS was lower than in OP at all LI targets and seasons. However, the difference in total herbage accumulation between SPS and OP was reduced when SPS was harvested at 95% LI, with reductions of 20% and 28% in both rainy seasons (12,191 × 15,324 kg DM/ha and 11,158 × 15,424 kg DM/ha respectively). Moreover, under 95% LI in SPS, crude protein concentration was 18% and 19% greater than that in OP in both rainy seasons (155 × 131 g/kg DM and 144 × 121 g/kg DM respectively), thus representing the optimal pre-grazing LI target for U. decumbens in SPS. In addition, a canopy height of 20 cm was necessary for 95% LI in OP and a height of 40 cm in SPS. Therefore, U. decumbens should be grazed at 40 cm canopy height, in SPS with ~43% shade to keep 95% LI as the target. However, this target will only be effective if the shade level is maintained, which will reduce height variation over time. Made available in DSpace on 2021-09-26T02:02:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grazing-management.pdf: 1544913 bytes, checksum: 30a40f16f786643001a461fc8bfc4a59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-01-01 The Fiocruz Mata Atlantica Campus (CFMA) represents one of the main urban growth fronts in Rio de Janeiro city. The present study evaluates the environment associated with the seroprevalence of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), toxoplasmosis and leptospirosis in dogs and of toxoplasmosis in cats and production poultry belonging to the residents of the CFMA. Blood samples obtained by the census were used to assess frequency of positivity through serological assays. The proportion of seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis and CVL were respectively 37.2%, 6.2% and 1.2%. The association with the environment had different results depending on the infection. Seroprevalence of leptospirosis was significantly lower (P=0.03) in dogs from anthropized areas (3%), but this was the only region with cases of leishmaniasis. For toxoplasmosis, there was a higher seroprevalence (50%) in rural scenarios. In cats, the seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis was 32.1% and in poultry, it was 18.1%. The seroprevalence in these animals were similar in the studied environments. The results demonstrate the occurrence of Leishmania sp., Toxoplasma gondii and Leptospira spp. in dogs, cats, hens and ducks living in anthropic environments of the Atlantic Forest, in Rio de Janeiro city, being possible to correlate this occurrence between these domestic animal species and the living environment. Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em Dermatozoonoses em Animais Domésticos Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Campus Fiocruz Mata Atlântica (CFMA) Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública Universidade Federal de São João del-Rei Campus Centro Oeste Dona Lindu Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Instituto Carlos Chagas Laboratório de Biologia Celular Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia de Botucatu Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública

Little is known about the effects of genetically modified corn plants on the foraging of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith). Therefore, this study examines whether singular herbicide-tolerant and insect-resistant plants and their stacked events interfere with food reference and oviposition of S. frugiperda. Two non-Bt corn hybrids and three Bt-hybrids, some of them with glyphosate tolerance (GT), were evaluated. Food preference of larvae and biological parameters were assessed. Oviposition preference bioassays involved choice and no choice condition in plants uninfested and previously infested by larvae in a greenhouse and in the field. The results indicate that there is no relationship between preference of larvae and adult moths. Adult females selected preferentially transgenic hybrids, while larvae selected non-Bt hybrid. Fall armyworm larvae avoid Bttoxin-expressing leaf tissues, survived only on the non-Bt leaf tissues, and showed minor differences in other life-history traits reared on GT and non-transgenic corn leaf tissues. Female moths showed preference for transgenic plants to lay eggs, but with variable output between previously infested and uninfested plants with larvae. The fact that moths preferred Ag 3700RR2 and non-Bt hybrids for oviposition supports the refuge?s strategy aiming at producing susceptible individuals. The use of this hybrid must be integrated with a program of control. The results showed also the importance of correct hybrid selection as part of insect resistance management to Bt-plants. The implications of these findings for understanding the impacts of plant-mediated cues on pest behavior in transgenic crop systems are discussed. Made available in DSpace on 2020-04-15T00:59:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Doessingular.pdf: 689061 bytes, checksum: d9d9bab21407bcb83c37172244a3ec00 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

A manipulação genética de plantas pode causar efeitos pleiotróficos ou mutações oriundas da incorporação de um gene exógeno, os quais podem interferir no forrageamento de herbívoros. Pouco se conhece sobre os efeitos de plantas de milho tolerantes a herbicidas (evento singular), plantas resistentes a insetos (evento singular) e plantas com tolerância a herbicidas e resistência a insetos (evento estaqueado) sobre o forrageamento de Spodoptera frugiperda. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar se eventos de milho, singular e estaqueado, interferem na quantidade e qualidade dos ovos de S. frugiperda. Foram avaliados os híbridos DKB390 (VTPRO, VTPRO2, VTPRO3), DKB390 (isogênico) e Ag 3700 RR2. Testes de preferência de oviposição, com e sem chance de escolha, em plantas com e sem injúrias, por S. frugiperda foram realizados em casa de vegetação. Avaliouse o tamanho da massa de ovos e o número de lagartas eclodidas. Em plantas transgênicas, foram observadas massas de ovos de maior tamanho e maior número de lagartas eclodidas por planta. Conclui-se que fêmeas de S. frugiperda modificam o comportamento de oviposição diante de híbridos de milho transgênico e não transgênico, principalmente quando os híbridos apresentam injúrias. No entanto, não discriminaram entre híbrido singular ou estaqueado para oviposição. Made available in DSpace on 2020-11-12T19:29:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Influence-transgenic.pdf: 619470 bytes, checksum: f3502d2f9418733129509a940c2b3cc0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

Determining the copy number is important because it can greatly influence the expression level and genetic stability of transgenes. This study aimed to establish a methodology that can estimate the transgene copy number in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) using the Auxin independent1 (Axi1) gene as an endogenous control. Tobacco c.v. Petit Havana plants were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with a pMCG1005 vector that contained Bar as a selective gene. Oligonucleotide efficiency was determined and a qPCR using the 2-ΔCt and 2-ΔΔCt methods was performed. Bar was the target gene and Axi1 was the endogenous control in five transgenic tobacco events. The results showed that the Axi1 gene was donated by the maternal parent N. sylvestris when interspecific hybridization occurred between N. sylvestris and N. tomentosiformis. The copy number results agreed with the segregation ratios for the Bar gene in T1 plants, which confirmed that Axi1 is a single copy gene that can be used as an endogenous control. Made available in DSpace on 2020-06-13T04:02:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Auxin-independent.pdf: 540374 bytes, checksum: 90149cdbe8f6ad9caf2c6152c2ccd806 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

The objectives of this study were: i) to classify animals into groups of high and low feed efficiency (FE) using three FE indexes (Residual feed intake (RFI), Residual weight gain (RG) and Feed conversion efficiency (FCE)), and ii) to evaluate whether crossbreed Holstein x Gyr heifers divergent for FE indexes exhibit differences in nutrient intake and digestibility, energy partitioning, heat production, methane emissions, nitrogen partitioning and blood parameters. Thirty-five heifers were housed in a tie-stall, received ad libitum TMR (75:25, corn silage: concentrate) and were ranked and classified into high (HE) or low efficiency (LE) for RFI, RG and FCE. The number of animals for each HE group were 13 (< 0.5 standard deviation (SD) for RFI, 11 for RG and 11 for FCE (> 0.5 SD) and for the LE were 10 (> 0.5 SD) for RFI, 11 for RG and 12 for FCE (< 0.5 SD). Gas exchanges (O2 consumption, CO2 and CH4 production) in open-circuit respiratory chambers and whole tract digestibility trial was performed. A completely randomized experimental design was used and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and correlation study. High efficiency animals for RFI produced less CO2, consumed less O2 and had lower heat production (HP). Methane production was positively correlated with RFI. High efficiency RG had higher O2 consumption and CO2 production in relation to LE-RG. High efficiency FCE had greater NFC digestibility, higher positive energy balance (EB) and excreted (11.4 g/d) less nitrogen in urine. High efficiency RG and FCE groups emitted less CH4 per kg of weight gain than LE animals. Animals HE for RFI and FCE had lower β-hydroxybutyrate and higher glucose concentrations, respectively. The differences in intake, digestibility, energy and nitrogen partition, CH4 emission, blood metabolic variables and heat production between the HE and LE groups varied according to the efficiency indexes adopted. The HP (kcal/d/BW0.75) was lower for HE animals for RFI and FCE indexes. Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-13T18:00:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Grouping-crossbred.pdf: 1241911 bytes, checksum: 8ce28130c2e890f877189a28738bc335 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020

International audience; Learning in neural networks inspired by brain tissue has been studied for machine learning applications. However, existing works primarily focused on the concept of synaptic weight modulation, and other aspects of neuronal interactions, such as non-synaptic mechanisms, have been neglected. Non-synaptic interaction mechanisms have been shown to play significant roles in the brain, and four classes of these mechanisms can be highlighted: (i) electrotonic coupling; (ii) ephaptic interactions; (iii) electric field effects; and iv) extracellular ionic fluctuations. In this work, we proposed simple rules for learning inspired by recent findings in machine learning adapted to a realistic spiking neural network. We show that the inclusion of non-synaptic interaction mechanisms improves cell assembly convergence. By including extracellular ionic fluctuation represented by the extracellular electrodiffusion in the network, we showed the importance of these mechanisms to improve cell assembly convergence. Additionally, we observed a variety of electrophysiological patterns of neuronal activity, particularly bursting and synchronism when the convergence is improved.

The use of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) is an important and promising tool for sustainable agriculture. The objective of this study was to evaluate the morphophysiological responses and nutrient uptake of maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense under two water conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with ten treatments: five A. brasilense inoculants (Control, Az1, Az2, Az3 and Az4) inoculated in the seed and two water conditions - irrigated and water deficit. Treatments with water deficit were imposed at the V6 stage for a period of 15 days. The morphophysiological characteristics, gas exchange, root morphology, shoot, root and total dry matter, as well as nutrient analysis, were evaluated after water deficit. Azospirillum brasilense (Az1, Az2, Az3 and Az4) increased growth (height 10.5%, total dry weight 20%), gas exchange (Ci= 6%) and nutrient uptake (N= 19%, P= 20%, K= 24%) regarding control under irrigation conditions. Inoculation by Az1 and Az3 benefited the root architecture of maize plants, with a greater exploitation of the soil profile by these roots. Water deficit caused a reduction in the development of maize plants. Inoculation by Az1, Az2 and Az3 can improve plant growth, nutrient uptake and mitigate the effects of water deficit in the development of maize plants. Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-22T04:38:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Azospirillum-brasilense.pdf: 831239 bytes, checksum: 0f3a6b91dc627a49b1699720766748da (MD5) Previous issue date: 2020