42 results on '"Uwer, Peter"'
Search Results
2. Top-quark physics at colliders
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Bernreuther, Werner and Uwer, Peter
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- 2015
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3. Determination of the top-quark mass from top-quark pair events with the matrix element method at next-to-leading order: Potential and prospects
- Author
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Martini, Till, Nuraliyev, Turan, and Uwer, Peter
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences - Abstract
In 2004 the matrix element method was used in a pioneering work by the Tevatron experiment D0 to determine the top-quark mass from a handful of events. Since then the method has been matured into a powerful analysis tool. While the first applications were restricted to leading-order accuracy, in the meantime also the extension to next-to-leading order (NLO) accuracy has been studied. In this article we explore the potential of the matrix element method at NLO to determine the top-quark mass using events with pair-produced top quarks. We simulate a toy experiment by generating unweighted events with a fixed input mass and apply the matrix element method to construct an estimator for the top-quark mass. Two different setups are investigated: unweighted events obtained from the fixed-order cross section at NLO accuracy as well as events obtained using POWHEG matched to a parton shower. The latter lead to a more realistic simulation and allow to study the impact of higher-order corrections as well as the robustness of the approach. We find that the matrix element method in NLO accuracy leads to a significant reduction of the theoretical uncertainties compared to leading order. In view of the high luminosity phase of the LHC, this observation is especially relevant in analyses which are no longer dominated by statistical uncertainties., Comment: Two references added, particle labels adjusted to improve readability, error bars added in ratio plots, minor changes to the text
- Published
- 2023
4. The Matrix Element Method at next-to-leading order QCD for hadronic collisions: single top-quark production at the LHC as an example application
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Martini, Till and Uwer, Peter
- Published
- 2018
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5. Numerical evaluation of virtual corrections to multi-jet production in massless QCD
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Badger, Simon, Biedermann, Benedikt, Uwer, Peter, and Yundin, Valery
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- 2013
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6. Extending the Matrix Element Method beyond the Born approximation: calculating event weights at next-to-leading order accuracy
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Martini, Till and Uwer, Peter
- Published
- 2015
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- View/download PDF
7. Phenomenology of $t\bar{t}j + X$ production at the LHC
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Alioli, Simone, Fuster, Juan, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gavardi, Alessandro, Irles, Adrian, Melini, Davide, Moch, Sven-Olaf, Uwer, Peter, and Voß, Katharina
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,CERN LHC Coll ,Specific QCD Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,mass [top] ,mass [quark] ,renormalization [mass] ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,ddc:530 ,Top Quark ,pair production [top] - Abstract
We present phenomenological results for $t\bar{t}j + X$ production at the Large Hadron Collider, of interest for designing forthcoming experimental analyses of this process. We focus on those cases where the $t\bar{t}j + X$ process is considered as a signal. We discuss present theoretical uncertainties and the dependence on relevant input parameters entering the computation. For the ${\cal R}$ distribution, which depends on the invariant mass of the $t\bar{t}j$-system, we present reference predictions in the on-shell, $\overline{\mbox{MS}}$ and MSR top-quark mass renormalization schemes, applying the latter scheme to this process for the first time. Our conclusions are particularly interesting for those analyses aiming at extracting the top-quark mass from cross-section measurements., 64 pages, LaTeX, 38 figures, 14 tables, slightly modified version, as in JHEP
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- 2022
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8. A new observable to measure the top quark mass at hadron colliders
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ALIOLI, SIMONE, FUSTER, JUAN, IRLES, ADRIAN, MOCH, SVEN, UWER, PETER, and VOS, MARCEL
- Published
- 2012
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9. Hadronic top-quark pair-production with one jet and parton showering
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Alioli, Simone, Moch, Sven-Olaf, and Uwer, Peter
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- 2012
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10. NLO QCD corrections to [formula omitted]
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Dittmaier, Stefan, Kallweit, Stefan, and Uwer, Peter
- Published
- 2008
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11. Top quark physics at the LHC
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Uwer, Peter
- Published
- 2007
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12. Matrix Element Method at NLO for (anti-)$\mathbf{k_t}$-jet algorithms
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Kraus, Manfred, Martini, Till, and Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
In this article, we present a method to calculate a posteriori event weights at next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy for a given jet event defined by the (anti-)$k_t$ algorithm relying on the conventional $2\to 1$ recombination. This is an important extension compared to existing Monte-Carlo tools which generate jet events together with the corresponding weight but do not allow one to calculate the weight for a given event. The method can be used to generate unweighted events distributed according to the fixed-order NLO cross section. In addition, the method allows one to calculate NLO accurate weights for events recorded by experiments. The potential of this ability is illustrated by applying the Matrix Element Method (MEM) to single top-quark events generated with POWHEG in combination with Pythia. For the first time, a systematic study of parton shower effects within the MEM is provided. The method is completely general and can be applied to arbitrary LHC processes., 25 pages, 5 figures, title changed, article restructured, typos corrected, clarifications added, matches published version
- Published
- 2019
13. Kira - A Feynman Integral Reduction Program
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Maierhoefer, Philipp, Usovitsch, Johann, and Uwer, Peter
- Abstract
In this article, we present a new implementation of the Laporta algorithm to reduce scalar multi-loop integrals-appearing in quantum field theoretic calculations-to a set of master integrals. We extend existing approaches by using an additional algorithm based on modular arithmetic to remove linearly dependent equations from the system of equations arising from integration-by-parts and Lorentz identities. Furthermore, the algebraic manipulations required in the back substitution are optimized. We describe in detail the implementation as well as the usage of the program. In addition, we show benchmarks for concrete examples and compare the performance to Reduze. The algorithmic improvements lead to a significant increase in the performance with respect to previously available programs.
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- 2017
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14. Top-Quark Physics at the LHC
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Kr��ninger, Kevin, Meyer, Andreas B., and Uwer, Peter
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High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex) ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics - Experiment - Abstract
The top quark is the heaviest of all known elementary particles. It was discovered in 1995 by the CDF and D0 experiments at the Tevatron. With the start of the LHC in 2009, an unprecedented wealth of measurements of the top quark's production mechanisms and properties have been performed by the ATLAS and CMS collaborations, most of these resulting in smaller uncertainties than those achieved previously. At the same time, huge progress was made on the theoretical side yielding significantly improved predictions up to next-to-next-to-leading order in perturbative QCD. Due to the vast amount of events containing top quarks, a variety of new measurements became feasible and opened a new window to precisions tests of the Standard Model and to contributions of new physics. In this review, originally written for a recent book on the results of LHC Run 1, top-quark measurements obtained so far from the LHC Run 1 are summarised and put in context with the current understanding of the Standard Model., 35 pages, 25 figures. To appear in "The Large Hadron Collider -- Harvest of Run 1", Thomas Sch\"orner-Sadenius (ed.), Springer, 2015 (532 pages, 253 figures; ISBN 978-3-319-15000-0; eBook ISBN 978-3-319-15001-7, for more details, see http://www.springer.com/de/book/9783319150000)
- Published
- 2015
15. NLO QCD corrections to pp -> top anti-top + jet + X
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Dittmaier, Stefan, Uwer, Peter, and Weinzierl, Stefan
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics::Experiment - Abstract
We discuss the production of top--anti-top quark pairs in association with a hard jet at the Tevatron and at the LHC and we report on the calculation of the next-to-leading order QCD corrections to this process. Numerical results for the top--anti-top+jet cross section and the forward--backward charge asymmetry are presented. The corrections stabilize the leading-order prediction for the cross section. In contrast, the charge asymmetry receives large corrections. The dependence of the cross section as well as the asymmetry on the minimum transverse momenta used to define the additional jet is studied in detail for the Tevatron., Comment: To appear in the proceedings of 8th International Symposium on Radiative Corrections (RADCOR 2007): Application of Quantum Field Theory to Phenomenology, Florence, Italy, 1-6 Oct 2007
- Published
- 2008
16. Top-quark pair + jet production at next-to-leading order QCD
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Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
Particle Physics - Phenomenology - Published
- 2005
17. Maximizing the spin correlation of top quark pairs produced at the LHC
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Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Particle Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
The measurement of top quark spin correlation is an important tool for precise studies of top quark interactions. In this letter I construct a quantization axis maximizing the spin correlation at the LHC within the Standard Model. Using this axis a spin correlation of 48% or even more, on applying additional cuts, can be reached. This represents a significant improvement compared to the helicity bases studied thus far. The measurement of top quark spin correlation is an important tool for precise studies of top quark interactions. In this letter I construct a quantization axis maximizing the spin correlation at the LHC within the Standard Model. Using this axis a spin correlation of 48% or even more, on applying additional cuts, can be reached. This represents a significant improvement compared to the helicity bases studied thus far. The measurement of top quark spin correlation is an important tool for precise studies of top quark interactions. In this Letter I construct a quantization axis maximizing the spin correlation at the LHC within the Standard Model. Using this axis a spin correlation of 48% or even more, on applying additional cuts, can be reached. This represents a significant improvement compared to the helicity bases studied thus far.
- Published
- 2004
18. Spin properties of top quark pairs produced at hadron colliders
- Author
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Bernreuther, Werner, Brandenburg, Arnd, Si, Zong-Guo, and Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph) ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,FOS: Physical sciences ,High Energy Physics::Experiment - Abstract
We discuss the spin properties of top quark pairs produced at hadron colliders at next-to-leading order in the coupling constant alpha_s of the strong interaction. Specifically we present, for some decay channels, results for differential angular distributions that are sensitive to t tbar spin correlations., Invited talk given by A. Brandenburg at the Cracow epiphany conference on heavy flavours, 3 - 6 January 2003, Cracow, Poland
- Published
- 2003
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19. Two-loop amplitudes with nested sums: Fermionic contributions to e+ e- --> q qbar g
- Author
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Moch, Sven, Uwer, Peter, and Weinzierl, Stefan
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology - Abstract
We present the calculation of the nf-contributions to the two-loop amplitude for e+ e- --> q qbar g and give results for the full one-loop amplitude to order eps^2 in the dimensional regularization parameter. Our results agree with those recently obtained by Garland et al.. The calculation makes extensive use of an efficient method based on nested sums to calculate two-loop integrals with arbitrary powers of the propagators. The use of nested sums leads in a natural way to multiple polylogarithms with simple arguments, which allow a straightforward analytic continuation., Comment: 31 pages, a file "coefficients.h" with the results in FORM format is included
- Published
- 2002
20. Steps towards the QCD calculation for e+ e- --> 3 jets at NNLO
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Moch, Sven, Uwer, Peter, and Weinzierl, Stefan
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High Energy Physics - Phenomenology ,Nuclear Theory - Abstract
High precision analyses of experimental data for e+ e- annihillation, such as determination of jet rates or event shape observables, call for complete next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) perturbative QCD predictions. In this talk, we discuss the various ingredients entering the calculation of the NNLO corrections in e+ e- annihillation., Comment: 6 pages, talk given at the Europhysics Conference on HEP, Budapest, July 2001
- Published
- 2001
21. Top-Quark Physics at the LHC.
- Author
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Kröninger, Kevin, Meyer, Andreas B., and Uwer, Peter
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- 2015
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22. THE MATRIX ELEMENT METHOD AT NEXT-TO-LEADING ORDER ACCURACY.
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MARTINI, TILL and UWER, PETER
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MATRICES (Mathematics) , *BORN approximation , *DATA analysis , *MATHEMATICAL proofs , *QUARKS - Abstract
The Matrix Element Method (MEM) has proven beneficial to make maximal use of the information available in experimental data. However, so far it has mostly been used in Born approximation only. In this paper, we discuss an extension to NLO accuracy. As a prerequisite, we present an efficient method to calculate event weights for jet events at NLO accuracy. As illustration and proof of the concept, we apply the method to the extraction of the top-quark mass in e+e- annihilation. We observe significant differences when moving from LO to NLO which may be relevant for the interpretation of top-quark mass measurements at hadron colliders relying on the MEM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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23. Maximizing the spin correlation of top quark pairs produced at the large hadron collider
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Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
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QUARKS , *LARGE Hadron Collider , *SUPERCOLLIDERS , *NUCLEAR reactions - Abstract
Abstract: The measurement of top quark spin correlation is an important tool for precise studies of top quark interactions. In this Letter I construct a quantization axis maximizing the spin correlation at the LHC within the Standard Model. Using this axis a spin correlation of 48% or even more, on applying additional cuts, can be reached. This represents a significant improvement compared to the helicity bases studied thus far. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2005
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24. Evolution kernels from splitting amplitudes
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Kosower, David A. and Uwer, Peter
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SCATTERING (Mathematics) , *FACTORIZATION , *MATHEMATICS , *TOPOLOGY - Abstract
We recalculate the next-to-leading order Altarelli–Parisi kernel using a method which relates it to the splitting amplitudes describing the collinear factorization properties of scattering amplitudes. The method breaks up the calculation of the kernel into individual pieces which have an independent physical interpretation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2003
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25. Nested sums, expansion of transcendental functions, and multiscale multiloop integrals.
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Moch, Sven, Uwer, Peter, and Weinzierl, Stefan
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TRANSCENDENTAL functions , *INTEGRALS , *ALGEBRAIC topology - Abstract
Expansion of higher transcendental functions in a small parameter are needed in many areas of science. For certain classes of functions this can be achieved by algebraic means. These algebraic tools are based on nested sums and can be formulated as algorithms suitable for an implementation on a computer. Examples such as expansions of generalized hypergeometric functions or Appell functions are discussed. As a further application, we give the general solution of a two-loop integral, the so-called C-topology, in terms of multiple nested sums. In addition, we discuss some important properties of nested sums, in particular we show that they satisfy a Hopf algebra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2002
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26. Numerical evaluation of one-loop QCD amplitudes.
- Author
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Badger, Simon, Biedermann, Benedikt, and Uwer, Peter
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- 2012
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27. NLO QCD corrections to multi-jet production at the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of
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Badger, Simon, Biedermann, Benedikt, Uwer, Peter, and Yundin, Valery
- Subjects
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QUANTUM chromodynamics , *LARGE Hadron Collider , *CENTER of mass , *RENORMALIZATION (Physics) , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) - Abstract
Abstract: We study three and four jet production in hadronic collisions at next-to-leading order accuracy in massless QCD. We cross check results previously obtained by the BlackHat Collaboration for the LHC with a centre-of-mass energy of TeV and present new results for the LHC operating at 8 TeV. We find large negative NLO corrections reducing the leading order cross sections by about 40–50%. Furthermore we observe an important reduction of the scale uncertainty. In addition to the cross sections we also present results for differential distributions. The dynamical renormalization/factorization scale used in the calculation leads to a remarkably stable K-factor. The results presented here were obtained with the NJet package (Badger et al., 2012) [1], a publicly available library for the evaluation of one-loop amplitudes in massless QCD. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2013
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28. Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to five jet production at the LHC.
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Badger, Simon, Biedermann, Benedikt, Uwer, Peter, and Yundin, Valery
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NUCLEAR particle research , *PROTON-proton interactions , *QUANTUM chromodynamics , *PARTONS , *COLLISIONS (Nuclear physics) - Abstract
We present theoretical predictions for five-jet production in proton-proton collisions at next-to-leading-order accuracy in QCD. Inclusive as well as differential observables are studied for collision energies of 7 and 8 TeV. In general the next-to-leading-order corrections stabilize the theoretical predictions with respect to scale variations. In the case of the inclusive jet cross sections, we compare with experimental data where possible and find reasonable agreement. We observe that the four-to-three and five-to-four jet ratios show better perturbative convergence than the known three-to-two ratio and are promising candidates for future as measurements. Furthermore, we present a detailed analysis of uncertainties related to parton distribution functions. The full color virtual matrix elements used in the computation were obtained with the NJet package [1], a publicly available library for the evaluation of one-loop amplitudes in massless QCD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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29. Leading-colour two-loop QCD corrections for top-quark pair production in association with a jet at a lepton collider
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Peitzsch, Sascha, Uwer, Peter, Grojean, Christophe, and Heinrich, Gudrun
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lepton collider ,two-loop QCD corrections ,Hochenergiephysik ,Zweischleifenkorrekturen ,numerical ODE solutions ,530 Physik ,QCD ,perturbative QCD ,Elektron-Positron-Beschleuniger ,high energy physics ,quantum chromodynamics ,electron–positron collider ,Feynmanintegrale ,numerische Lösungen für gewöhnliche Differentialgleichungen ,Feynman integrals ,ddc:530 ,Quantenchromodynamik ,Leptonencollider ,QCD Störungsrechnung - Abstract
In dieser Arbeit wird die Berechnung der farbführenden Zweischleifen-QCD-Korrekturen für die Top-Quark-Paarproduktion mit einem zusätzlichen Jet an einem Lepton-Collider präsentiert. Das Matrixelement wird in Vektor- und Axial-Vektorströme zerlegt und die Ströme werden weiter in Dirac-Spinorstrukturen und Formfaktoren zerlegt. Die Formfaktoren werden mit Projektoren extrahiert. Die auftretenden Feynmanintegrale werden mittels IBP-Identitäten und Dimensionsverschiebungstransformationen durch eine Basis quasi-finiter Masterintegrale in 6−2ϵ Dimensionen ausgedrückt. Die Mehrheit der Feynmanintegrale gehört zu einer Doppelbox-Integralfamilie. Die Berechnung der Masterintegrale erfolgt durch numerisches Lösen von Differentialgleichungen in kinematischen Invarianten. Asymptotische Reihenentwicklungen der Masterintegrale in der Top-Quarkmasse werden verwendet, um die Anfangsbedingungen für die numerischen Lösungen der Differentialgleichungen zu bestimmen. Die führenden Terme dieser Entwicklung werden mit der Expansion-by-Regions-Methode berechnet. Höhere Reihenkoeffizienten werden durch die Anwendung einer Differentialgleichung auf einen Ansatz für die Reihenentwicklung bestimmt. Die renormierten Formfaktoren und die farbführende Zweischleifenamplitude werden an einem Referenzphasenraumpunkt zu hoher Präzision numerisch ausgewertet. Die Resultate werden mit elektroschwachen Ward-Identitäten und durch numerische Vergleiche der IR-Singularitäten mit der erwarteten Singularitätsstruktur überprüft., In this work, the calculation of the leading-colour two-loop QCD corrections for top-quark pair production with an additional jet at a lepton collider is presented. The matrix element is decomposed into vector and axial-vector currents and the currents are further decomposed into Dirac spinor structures and form factors. The form factors are extracted with projectors. The Feynman integrals are reduced to a quasi-finite basis in 6 − 2ϵ dimensions using IBP identities and dimension-shift transformations. The majority of master integrals belong to a double-box integral family. The master integrals are computed by numerically solving systems of differential equations in the kinematic invariants. Asymptotic expansions of the master integrals in the top-quark mass variable are used to calculate initial conditions for the numerical differential equation solutions. The leading terms of the expansion are obtained with the expansion by regions and the higher orders are calculated by solving a system of equations obtained from applying the differential equation onto an ansatz of the expansion. The renormalized form factors and the leading-colour two-loop amplitude are evaluated numerically to high precision at a benchmark phase space point. The results are cross-checked with electroweak Ward identities and by numerically comparing the IR singularities with the expected singularity structure.
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- 2023
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30. Next-to-leading order QCD corrections for single top-quark production in association with two jets.
- Author
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Mölbitz, Stefan, Le Duc Ninh, and Uwer, Peter
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PHASE space , *ORDER - Abstract
In this article we calculate the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections for single on-shell top-quark production in association with two jets at proton-proton colliders. The tW channel is assumed to be measured independently. The QCD corrections to the inclusive cross section are about 28% (22%) for top (antitop) quark production at the 13 TeV LHC. Theoretical errors are dominated by scale uncertainties, which are found to be around 5% at NLO. Results for various kinematical distributions are also provided using a well-motivated dynamical scale. The QCD corrections are found to have a nontrivial dependence on the phase space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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31. Matrix element method at NLO for (anti-) kt-jet algorithms.
- Author
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Kraus, Manfred, Martini, Till, and Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
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MONTE Carlo method , *ALGORITHMS , *MATRICES (Mathematics) - Abstract
In this article, we present a method to calculate a posteriori event weights at next-to-leading-order (NLO) QCD accuracy for a given jet event defined by the (anti-) kt algorithm relying on the conventional 2→1 recombination. This is an important extension compared to existing Monte Carlo tools which generate jet events together with the corresponding weight but do not allow one to calculate the weight for a given event. The method can be used to generate unweighted events distributed according to the fixed-order NLO cross section. In addition, the method allows one to calculate NLO accurate weights for events recorded by experiments. The potential of this ability is illustrated by applying the matrix element method (MEM) to single top-quark events generated with powheg in combination with pythia. For the first time, a systematic study of parton shower effects within the MEM is provided. The method is completely general and can be applied to arbitrary LHC processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Comparing efficient computation methods for massless QCD tree amplitudes: Closed analytic formulas versus Berends-Giele recursion.
- Author
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Badger, Simon, Biedermann, Benedikt, Hackl, Lucas, Plefka, Jan, Schuster, Theodor, and Uwer, Peter
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QUANTUM chromodynamics , *RECURSION theory , *SUPERSYMMETRY , *HADRONS , *YANG-Mills theory , *FEYNMAN diagrams , *MATHEMATICAL models - Abstract
Recent advances in our understanding of tree-level QCD amplitudes in the massless limit exploiting an effective (maximal) supersymmetry have led to the complete analytic construction of tree amplitudes with up to four external quark-antiquark pairs. In this work we compare the numerical efficiency of evaluating these closed analytic formulas to a numerically efficient implementation of the Berends-Giele recursion. We compare calculation times for color-ordered tree amplitudes with parton numbers ranging from 4 to 25 with no, one, two, and three external quark lines. We find that the analytic results are generally faster in the case of maximally helicity-violating and next-to-maximally helicity-violating amplitudes. Starting with the next-to-next-to-maximally helicity-violating amplitudes the Berends-Giele recursion becomes more efficient. In addition to the runtime we also compare the numerical accuracy. The analytic formulas are on average more accurate than the off-shell recursion relations, though both are well-suited for complicated phenomenological applications. In both cases we observe a reduction in the average accuracy when phase-space configurations close to singular regions are evaluated. In summary, our findings show that for up to nine gluons the closed analytic formulas perform best. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Numerical evaluation of Mellin-Barnes integrals in Minkowskian regions and their application to two-loop bosonic electroweak contributions to the weak mixing angle of the Zbb(bar)-vertex
- Author
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Usovitsch, Johann, Uwer, Peter, Blümlein, Johannes, and Anastasiou, Charalampos
- Subjects
bosonic corrections ,Mehr-Schleifen-Rechnung ,Z-boson resonance physics ,multi-loop calculations ,Mellin-Barnes integrals ,effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks ,bosonische Korrekturen ,minkowskische Integrationsgebiete ,530 Physik ,UO 5510 ,Mellin-Barnes-Integrale ,ddc:530 ,Z-Boson-Resonanzphysik ,effektive schwache Mischungswinkel für bottom Quarks ,Minkowskian regions - Abstract
In der Z-Boson-Resonanzphysik sind mehrere Präzisionsobservablen in einem perfekten Zustand, bei dem die theoretische Unsicherheit niedriger ist als die gegenwärtige experimentelle Unsicherheit. Das Konzept für den zukünftigen Teilchenbeschleuniger Future Circular Collider (FCC), will eine Verbesserung der Messungen für die Präzisionsobservablen um ein bis zwei signifikante Stellen erreichen. Damit werden die Vorhersagen des elektroschwachen Standardmodells in eine Situation versetzt, in der vollständige Zweischleifenkorrekturen zusammen mit den führenden Dreischleifenkorrekturen obligatorisch werden. 2016 wurden die vollständigen Zweischleifenkorrekturen für den effektiven schwachen Mischungswinkel für die bottom Quarks sin^2/theta/^b_eff berechnet, indem die fehlenden bosonischen Zweischleifenkorrekturen bereitgestellt wurden. Dabei liegt die Schwierigkeit in der Berechnung der entsprechenden Zwei-Schleifen Vertex-Feynman-Integrale, die mehrere massive Teilchen einschließen. Gegenwärtig ist die analytische Rechnung der meisten dieser Integrale schwierig und deswegen werden rein numerische Techniken, mittels Sektorzerlegungsansatz und der Integralansatz nach Mellin-Barnes, angewandt. Es war bis vor kurzem nicht bekannt, wie Mellin-Barnes-Integraldarstellungen in den minkowskischen Integrationsgebieten numerisch behandelt werden können. Um dieses Problem anzugehen, stellen wir eine Vielzahl von ein- und mehrdimensionaler Techniken vor, die ein Teil des neuen Programms MBnumerics.m sind, welches in dieser Dissertation entwickelt wurde. Der Sektorzerlegungsansatz und der Integralansatz nach Mellin-Barnes sind zusammen ausreichend, um elektroschwache Zweischleifenkorrekturen für die Präzisionsobservablen der Annihilation von e^+e^- in zwei Fermionen in der Z-Bosonresonanz auszurechnen. Aktuell führt dies zu der genauesten Vorhersage für den effektiven elektroschwachen Mischungswinkel für bottom Quarks sin^2/theta/^b_eff = 0.232312. In the Z-boson resonance physics several precision observables are in a perfect state, where the theory uncertainty is lower than the present experimental uncertainty. The ambitious concepts for the future collider, Future Circular Collider (FCC), aim for an improvement of measurements for the precision observables by one to two significant digits. This will put the Electroweak Standard Model predictions in a situation where complete two-loop corrections together with the leading three-loop corrections will become mandatory. The complete two-loop corrections for effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks sin^2/theta/^b_eff were reported recently, by providing the missing bosonic two-loop corrections. The difficult task in this computation is the calculation of the corresponding two-loop vertex Feynman integrals which include several massive particles. At present the analytic evaluation for most of these integrals is out of reach and purely numerical techniques were applied. Only two methods, sector decomposition approach and the Mellin-Barnes integral approach, are known to extract infrared and ultraviolet singularities in a systematic way for a general Feynman integral with fully automatized algorithms. It was not known until recently how to treat Mellin-Barnes integral representations in Minkowskian regions numerically. To address this problem we introduce and discuss in detail a variety of one- and multi-dimensional techniques, which are part of a new program MBnumerics.m developed in this thesis work. Two techniques, sector decomposition and Mellin-Barnes integral approach, are together sufficient to treat electroweak two-loop corrections to the precision observables for the e^+e^- annihilation into two fermions at the Z-boson resonance. This leads to the most precise prediction at present for the effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks: sin^2/theta/^b_eff=0.232312.
- Published
- 2018
34. The Matrix Element Method at next-to-leading order QCD using the example of single top-quark production at the LHC
- Author
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Martini, Till, Uwer, Peter, Spannowsky, Michael, and Plehn, Tilman
- Subjects
010308 nuclear & particles physics ,Hadronische Jetproduktion ,Höhere Ordnungskorrekturen ,Matrix Element Method ,530 Physik ,01 natural sciences ,Top-Quark-Masse ,UO 5700 ,Matrixelementmethode ,Higher-order corrections ,Top-quark mass ,0103 physical sciences ,Hadronic jet production ,ddc:530 ,Quantum Chromodynamics ,Quantenchromodynamik ,010306 general physics - Abstract
Hochenergiephysikanalysen zielen darauf ab, das Standardmodell—die gemeinhin akzeptierte Theorie—zu testen. Für überzeugende Schlüsse, sind Analysemethoden nötig, welche einen eindeutigen Vergleich zwischen Daten und Theorie ermöglichen und zuverlässige Abschätzung der Unsicherheiten erlauben. Die Matrixelement-Methode (MEM) ist eine Maximum-Likelihood-Methode, welche speziell auf Signalsuche und Parameterschätzung an Beschleunigern zugeschnitten ist. Die MEM hat sich durch optimale Nutzung vorhandener Information und sauberer statistischer Interpretation der Ergebnisse als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Sie hat jedoch einen großen Nachteil: In der Originalformulierung ist die Berechnung der Likelihood intrinsisch auf die erste störungstheoretische Ordnung in der Kopplung limitiert. Höhere Ordnungskorrekturen verbessern die Genauigkeit theoretischer Vorhersagen und erlauben eindeutige feldtheoretische Interpretation der gewonnen Informationen. In dieser Arbeit wird erstmalig die MEM unter Einbezug der Korrekturen der nächstführenden Ordnung (NLO) der QCD-Kopplung durch Definition von Ereignisgewichten für die Berechnung der Likelihood präsentiert. Diese Gewichte ermöglichen auch die Erzeugung ungewichteter Ereignisse, welche dem in NLO-Genauigkeit berechneten Wirkungsquerschnitt folgen. Der Methode wird anhand von Top-Quark-Ereignissen veranschaulicht. Die Top-Quark-Masse wird aus den erzeugten Ereignissen mithilfe der MEM in NLO-Genauigkeit bestimmt. Die erhaltenen Schätzer stimmen mit den Eingabewerten aus der Ereigniserzeugung überein. Wiederholung der Massenbestimmung aus denselben Ereignissen, ohne NLO-Korrekturen in den Vorhersagen, führt zu verfälschten Schätzern. Diese Verschiebungen werden nicht durch abgeschätzte theoretische Unsicherheiten berücksichtigt, was die Abschätzung der theoretischen Unsicherheiten der Analyse in führender Ordnung unzuverlässig macht. Die Resultate unterstreichen die Wichtigkeit der Berücksichtigung von NLO-Korrekturen in der MEM., Analyses in high energy physics aim to put the Standard Model—the commonly accepted theory—to test. For convincing conclusions, analysis methods are needed which offer an unambiguous comparison between data and theory while allowing reliable estimates of uncertainties. The Matrix Element Method (MEM) is a Maximum Likelihood method which is especially tailored for signal searches and parameter estimation at colliders. The MEM has proven to be beneficial due to optimal use of the available information and a clean statistical interpretation of the results. But it has a big drawback: In its original formulation, the likelihood calculation is intrinsically limited to the leading perturbative order in the coupling. Higher-order corrections improve the accuracy of theoretical predictions and allow for unambiguous field-theoretical interpretation of the extracted information. In this work, the MEM incorporating corrections of next-to-leading order (NLO) in QCD by defining event weights suited for the likelihood calculation is presented for the first time. These weights also enable the generation of unweighted events following the cross section calculated at NLO accuracy. The method is demonstrated for top-quark events. The top-quark mass is determined with the MEM at NLO accuracy from the generated events. The extracted estimators are in agreement with the input values from the event generation. Repeating the mass determinations from the same events, without NLO corrections in the predictions, results in biased estimators. These shifts may not be accounted for by estimated theoretical uncertainties rendering the estimation of the theoretical uncertainties unreliable in the leading-order analysis. The results emphasise the importance of the inclusion of NLO corrections into the MEM.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Effects of heavy Higgs bosons in the hadronic production of top-quark pairs including QCD corrections
- Author
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Galler, Peter, Uwer, Peter, Grojean, Christophe, and Plehn, Tilman
- Subjects
Korrekturen nächst-zu-führender Ordnung ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Higgssektorerweiterung ,530 Physik ,spin correlations ,UO 5700 ,two-Higgs-doublet model ,Zwei-Higgs-Duplet-Modell ,Spinkorrelationen ,UO 6420 ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,ddc:530 ,Higgs sector extension ,next-to-leading order corrections - Abstract
In dieser Disseratation wird eine mögliche Erweiterung des Standardmodells der Elementarteilchen (SM) im Higgs-Sektor mithilfe von Topquarkpaarproduktion am Large Hadron Collider untersucht. Insbesondere wird dabei auf das sogenannte Zwei-Higgs-Duplettmodell eingegangen. Dieses Modell führt mehrere Spin-0 Bosonen (auch Higgsbosonen genannt) zusätzlich zum SM-Higgsboson ein. Dabei wird in dieser Arbeit von der Annahme ausgegangen, dass diese zusätzlichen Higgsbosonen schwer genug sind um in ein Top-Antitop-Paar zu zerfallen. Somit können die experimentellen Signaturen dieser neuen Teilchen mit Hilfe von Observablen der Topquarkpaarproduktion untersucht werden. Dazu wird die resonante Erzeugung von schweren Higgsbosonen und deren Zerfall in Topquarkpaare bis einschließlich Quantenkorrekturen in der nächst-zu-führenden Ordnung (NLO) in der QCD-Kopplungskonstanten berechnet. Weiterhin wird die volle Spininformation des Top-Antitop-Paares beibehalten, welche die Analyse von spinabhängigen Observablen erlaubt. Diese können, insbesondere in Falle von Top-Antitop-Spinkorrelationen, sehr sensitiv auf Effekte schwerer Higgsbosonen sein. Dies zeigt sich besonders in Vergleich zu spinunabhängigen Observablen. Die Sensitivität von spinabhängigen Observablen kann zudem noch durch entsprechende Schnitte auf den Phasenraum von Top- und Antitopquark verstärkt werden. In dieser Dissertation wird ein Verfahren vorgestellt, mit dessen Hilfe sich die Spinkorrelationen identifizieren lassen, welche die größte Sensitivität auf die Effekte schwerer Higgsbosonen aufweisen. Außerdem wird durch die Berechnung der Beiträge zur NLO u.a. gezeigt, dass diese Beiträge wichtig sind um aussagekräftige und robuste Observablen zu definieren. Die Ergebnisse der NLO, die in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt werden, sind die ersten ihrer Art für die resonante Erzeugung von schweren Higgsbosonen und deren Zerfall in Topquarkpaare. In this dissertation a possible extension of the standard model of particle physics (SM) in the Higgs sector is investigated using top-quark pair production at the Large Hadron Collider as a probe. In particular, the so-called two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM) is studied. The 2HDM introduces several spin-0 bosons (which are also called Higgs bosons) in addition to the SM Higgs boson. In this thesis these additional Higgs bosons are assumed to be heavy enough to decay into a top-antitop quark pair. Thus, the experimental signatures of these new particles can be studied through observables of top-quark pair production. To this end the resonant production of heavy neutral Higgs bosons and their decay into top-quark pairs in calculated up to next-to-leading order corrections in the QCD coupling constant retaining the full spin information of the top-antitop pair. This allows to analyse spin dependent observables which can be more sensitive to effects of heavy Higgs bosons than spin independent ones especially in the case of top-antitop spin correlations. The additional application of kinematical cuts on the phase space of top and antitop quarks can enhance the sensitivity further. In this thesis a method is presented that can be used to construct the spin correlation which is most sensitive to the effects of heavy Higgs bosons on top-quark pair production. Furthermore, it is shown that the next-to-leading order corrections are required to construct observables which entail robust predictions. The results for the next-to-leading order in the QCD coupling constant presented in this thesis were the first ones given for resonant heavy Higgs production and decay into top-quark pairs.
- Published
- 2018
36. Algorithmic transformation of multi-loop Feynman integrals to a canonical basis
- Author
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Meyer, Christoph, Uwer, Peter, Kreimer, Dirk, and Weinzierl, Stefan
- Subjects
Differentialgleichungen ,Algorithmus ,kanonische Form ,algorithm ,canonical form ,Feynman Integrale ,Feynman integrals ,differential equations ,UK 4500 ,ddc:530 ,530 Physik - Abstract
Die Auswertung von Mehrschleifen-Feynman-Integralen ist eine der größten Herausforderungen bei der Berechnung präziser theoretischer Vorhersagen für die am LHC gemessenen Wirkungsquerschnitte. In den vergangenen Jahren hat sich die Nutzung von Differentialgleichungen bei der Berechnung von Feynman-Integralen als sehr erfolgreich erwiesen. Es wurde dabei beobachtet, dass die von den Feynman-Integralen erfüllte Differentialgleichung oftmals in eine sogenannte kanonische Form transformiert werden kann, welche die Integration der Differentialgleichung mittels iterierter Integrale wesentlich vereinfacht. Das zentrale Ergebnis der vorliegenden Arbeit ist ein Algorithmus zur Berechnung rationaler Transformationen von Differentialgleichungen von Feynman-Integralen in eine kanonische Form. Neben der Existenz einer solchen rationalen Transformation stellt der Algorithmus keinerlei weitere Bedingungen an die Differentialgleichung. Insbesondere ist der Algorithmus auf Mehrskalenprobleme anwendbar und erlaubt eine rationale Abhängigkeit der Differentialgleichung vom dimensionalen Regulator. Bei der Anwendung des Algorithmus wird zunächst das Transformationsgesetz im dimensionalen Regulator entwickelt, um Differentialgleichungen für die Koeffizienten in der Entwicklung der Transformation herzuleiten. Diese Differentialgleichungen werden dann mit einem rationalen Ansatz für die gesuchte Transformation gelöst. Es wird zudem eine Implementation des Algorithmus in dem Mathematica Paket CANONICA vorgestellt, welches das erste veröffentlichte Programm dieser Art ist, das auf Mehrskalenprobleme anwendbar ist. CANONICAs Potential für moderne Mehrschleifenrechnungen wird anhand mehrerer nicht trivialer Mehrschleifen-Integraltopologien demonstriert. Die gezeigten Topologien hängen von bis zu drei Variablen ab und umfassen auch vormals ungelöste Topologien, die zu Korrekturen höherer Ordnung zum Wirkungsquerschnitt der Produktion einzelner Top-Quarks am LHC beitragen. The evaluation of multi-loop Feynman integrals is one of the main challenges in the computation of precise theoretical predictions for the cross sections measured at the LHC. In recent years, the method of differential equations has proven to be a powerful tool for the computation of Feynman integrals. It has been observed that the differential equation of Feynman integrals can in many instances be transformed into a so-called canonical form, which significantly simplifies its integration in terms of iterated integrals. The main result of this thesis is an algorithm to compute rational transformations of differential equations of Feynman integrals into a canonical form. Apart from requiring the existence of such a rational transformation, the algorithm needs no further assumptions about the differential equation. In particular, it is applicable to problems depending on multiple kinematic variables and also allows for a rational dependence on the dimensional regulator. First, the transformation law is expanded in the dimensional regulator to derive differential equations for the coefficients of the transformation. Using an ansatz in terms of rational functions, these differential equations are then solved to determine the transformation. This thesis also presents an implementation of the algorithm in the Mathematica package CANONICA, which is the first publicly available program to compute transformations to a canonical form for differential equations depending on multiple variables. The main functionality and its usage are illustrated with some simple examples. Furthermore, the package is applied to state-of-the-art integral topologies appearing in recent multi-loop calculations. These topologies depend on up to three variables and include previously unknown topologies contributing to higher-order corrections to the cross section of single top-quark production at the LHC.
- Published
- 2018
37. Numerical evaluation of Mellin-Barnes integrals in Minkowskian regions and their application to two-loop bosonic electroweak contributions to the weak mixing angle of the $\mathrm{Z\bar{b}b}$-vertex
- Author
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Usovitsch, Johann, Uwer, Peter, and Riemann, Tord
- Abstract
Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018; 143 pp. (2018). = Dissertation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018, In theZ-boson resonance physics several precision observables, like the mass and width of the Z-boson and the effective weak mixing angle for leptons and bottom quarks are in a perfect state, where the theory uncertainty is lower than the present experimental uncertainty. The ambitious concepts for the future colliders, like International Linear Collider (ILC), Future Circular Collider (FCC) or Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC), aim for an improvement of measurements for the precision observables by one to two significant digits. This will put the Electroweak Standard Model predictions in a situation where complete two-loop corrections together with the leading three-loop corrections will become mandatory. Thecomplete two-loop corrections for effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks $sin^{2}\theta_{eff}^b$ were reported recently, by providing the missing bosonic two-loop corrections. The difficult task in this computation is the calculation of the corresponding two-loop vertex Feynman integrals which include several massive particles. At present the analytic evaluation for most of these integrals is out of reach and purely numerical techniques were applied. Only two methods are known to extract infrared and ultraviolet singularities in a systematic way for a general Feynman integral with fully automatized algorithms. Namely the sector decomposition approach and the Mellin-Barnes integral approach. It was not known until recently how to treat Mellin-Barnes integral representations in Minkowskian regions numerically. To address this problem we introduce and discuss in detail a variety of one- andmulti-dimensional techniques, which are part of a new program MBnumerics.mdeveloped in this thesis work. As a result, the Mellin-Barnes integral representa-tions of the two-loop vertex Feynman integrals can be evaluated numerically in Euclidean and Minkowskian regions with unprecedented accuracy. Furthermore the two techniques, sector decomposition and Mellin-Barnes integral approach, are complementary and together sufficient to treat electroweak two-loop corrections to the precision observables for the $e^+ e^-$ annihilation into two fermions at the Z-boson resonance. This leads to the most precise prediction at present for the effective weak mixing angle for bottom quarks:$sin^{2}\theta_{eff}^b$= 0:232312.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Constraints on the Fourth-Generation Quark Mixing Matrix from Precision Flavour Observables
- Author
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Menzel, Andreas, Lacker, Heiko, Uwer, Peter, and Feldmann, Thorsten
- Subjects
Flavour Physics ,CKMfitter ,Quarkmischungsmatrix ,30 Chemie ,UO 1000 ,UO 5500 ,Teilchenphysik ,Elektroschwacher Präzisionsfit ,Electroweak Precision Fit ,SM4 ,4. Familie ,4. Generation ,4th Family ,Präzisions-Flavourphysik ,Elementarteilchenphysik ,Higgs Boson ,Fermionen ,Quark Mixing matrix ,Fermions Particle Physics ,Flavourphysik ,Maximum-Likelihood-Fit ,4th Generation ,CKM-Matrix ,Elementary Particle Physics ,CKM matrix ,540 Chemie ,ddc:540 ,Precision Flavour Physics ,Higgs-Boson ,Maximum Likelihood Fit - Abstract
Das Standardmodell einer zusätzlichen sequentiellen Fermiongeneration (SM4) war 2012 auf Basis eines Fits an elektroschwache Präzisionsobservable und die Higgs-Signalstärken mit einer Signifikanz von 5.3 sigma ausgeschlossen worden. Komplementär dazu wurden in der vorliegenden Arbeit Fits des SM4 an eine Kombination eines typischen Satzes von Flavour-Observablen mit den Ergebnissen des zuvor durchgeführten Elektroschwachen Präzisionsfits durchgeführt. Im SM3-Kontext extrahierte Größen wurden gemäß ihrer Bedeutung im SM4 reinterpretiert und die angepassten theoretischen Ausdrücke angegeben. Die resultierenden Einschränkungen der CKM-Matrix des SM4, ihrer potentiell CP-verletzenden Phasen sowie der Masse des up-type-Quarks der 4. Generation t'' werden angegeben. Zum Vergleich des SM4 mit dem SM3 werden die erreichten chi^2-Werte genutzt. chi^2=15.53 im SM4 und 9.56 im SM3 passen fast vollkommen zu einer gleich guten Beschreibung der Experimente durch beide Modelle, wobei das SM3 aber sechs Freiheitsgrade mehr besitzt. Außerdem wurden die Vorhersagen des SM3 und des SM4 für die Dimyon-Ladungsasymmetrie ASL mit experimentellen Werten verglichen. Die Vorhersage des SM3 ist ca. 2 sigma vom experimentellen Wert entfernt, die des SM4 ca. 3 sigma.\par Die Ergebnisse deuten nicht darauf hin, dass die Signifikanz des 2012 erreichten Ausschlusses des SM4 durch die Hinzunahme von Flavour-Observablen zu den damals verwendeten elektroschwachen Präzisionsobservablen und Higgs-Querschnitten bedeutend verringert würde.\par Es konnte jedoch keine genaue quantitative Aussage über die Auswirkungen der Flavourobservablen auf diese Signifikanz getroffen werden, weil das Programm CKMfitter likelihood-ratio-Berechnung nur durchführen kann, wenn sich eines der untersuchten Modelle durch Fixierung von Parametern aus dem anderen ergibt (nested models), was hier nicht der Fall ist. The Standard Model extended by an additional sequential generation of Dirac fermions (SM4) was excluded with a significance of 5.3 sigma in 2012. This was achieved in a combined fit of the SM4 to Electroweak Precision Observables and signal strengths of the Higgs boson. This thesis complements this excludion by a fit of the SM4 to a typical set of Flavour physics observables and the results of the previously performed Electroweak Precision fit. Quantities extracted in an SM3 framework are reinterpreted in SM4 terms and the adapted theoretical expressions are given. The resultant constraints on the SM4''s CKM matrix, its potentially CP-violating phases and the mass of the new up-type quark t'' are given. To compare the relative performance of the SM4 and the SM3, this work uses the chi^2 values achieved in the fit. The values of 15.53 for the SM4 and 9.56 for the SM4 are almost perfectly consistent with both models describing the experimental data equally well with the SM3 having six degrees of freedom more. The dimuon charge asymmetry ASL was not used as a fit input because the interpretation of its measurement was subject to debate at the time when the fits were produced, but its prediction in the fit was used as an additional test of the SM4. The SM3''s prediction differs from the experimental values by about 2 sigma, and the SM4''s prediction by about 3 sigma. \par In summary, these results do not suggest that any significant reduction of the 5.3 sigma exclusion could be achieved by combining the Electroweak Precision Observables and Higgs inputs with Flavour physics data. However, the exact effect of the Flavour physics input on the significance of the SM4''s exclusion cannot be given at this point because the CKMfitter software is currently not able to perform a statistically stringent likelihood comparison of non-nested models.
- Published
- 2017
39. Hard scattering cross sections and parton distribution functions at the LHC
- Author
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Kovačíková, Petra, Plefka, Jan, Moch, Sven-Olaf, Uwer, Peter, and Cacciari, Matteo
- Subjects
Parton Distribution Functions ,Perturbative QCD Korrekturen ,High Energy Physics::Phenomenology ,Radiative Corrections ,Mellin Space ,530 Physik ,QCD ,Mellinraum ,29 Physik, Astronomie ,Partonverteilungen ,ST 630 ,UO 5740 ,High Energy Physics::Experiment ,ddc:530 - Abstract
Über einen Mellinraumzugang werden Methoden zur Auswertung von Wirkunsquerschnitten für verschiedene Prozesse mit Hadronen im Anfangszustand entwickelt. Die Arbeit geschieht im Hinblick auf drei Prozesse, für die die analyischen Ergebnisse für perturbative QCD Korrekturen zu “next-to-next-to-leading order” bekannt sind; diese sind: die Produktion der Vektorbosonen Z0 und W± über einen Drell-Yan-Prozess in der “narrow width”-Näherung, die Produktion eines Standardmodell-Higgs-Bosons über die Fusion zweier Gluonen im Grenzfall schwerer Top-Quark-Massen und die tiefinelastische Lepton-Hadron-Streuung über neutrale und geladene Ströme. Die Implementierung der Mellinraumtechniken erfolgt in dem c++ Paket sbp. Das Programm ermöglicht auf elegante Weise eine schnelle und präzise Auswertung von inklusiven Wirkungsquerschnitten. Wir vergleichen sbp mit den herkömmlichen Impulsraumtechniken, und präsentieren Studien der asymptotischen Konvergenz den perturbativen Reihen und von Skalenabhängigkeiten. Als Anwendung untersuchen wir welchen Einfluss die Behandlung der Faktorisierungs- und Renormierungsskala auf den Wirkungsquerschnitt hat. In this thesis we will explore a Mellin space approach to the evaluation of precision cross-sections at hadron colliders. We consider three processes with known analytic results for perturbative QCD corrections up to the next-to-next-to-leading order, namely: the production of vector bosons Z0, W± via the Drell-Yan mechanism in the narrow width approximation; the production of the standard model Higgs boson via gluon-gluon fusion using the large top quark mass limit and the neutral and charged current deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering. We develop a c++ package sbp that implements the Mellin space technique. The resulting program provides an elegant, fast and accurate solution for the evaluation of inclusive cross sections. We compare our program with available results that use standard momentum space techniques. We present studies of asymptotic convergence and scale dependence of the perturbative series. We use the package to study different treatments of factorisation and renormalisation scales in cross sections.
- Published
- 2013
40. Determination of the CKM matrix element |V cb|, the B -> X s gamma decay rate, and the b-quark mass
- Author
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Bernlochner, Florian, Lacker, Heiko, Uwer, Peter, and Dingfelder, Jochen
- Subjects
UO 5700 ,CKM Matrix element Vcb ,semileptonic decays ,Semileptonische Zerfälle ,ddc:530 ,B → Xsγ modellunabhängig ,radiative korrekturen ,B → Xsγ ,530 Physik ,radiative corrections ,29 Physik, Astronomie - Abstract
In dieser Arbeit wird die Messung zweier fundamentaler Parameter des Standardmodells der Teilchenphysik diskutiert: der Betrag des CKM Matrixelements Vcb und die b-Quarkmasse. In this work, the preliminary measurements of two fundamental parameters of the Standard Model of particles physics are presented: the CKM matrix element Vcb, and the b-quark mass.
- Published
- 2012
41. Massive loop corrections for collider physics
- Author
-
Yundin, V., Plefka, Jan, Uwer, Peter, and Czyz, Henryk
- Subjects
Feynmanintegral ,tensor reduction ,QED ,Tensor Reduktion ,feynman integral ,tensor integral ,ddc:530 ,Tensorintegral ,Dissertation ,NLO ,530 Physik ,29 Physik, Astronomie ,UN 6250 - Abstract
Die Berechnung von Tensorintegralen ist eines der komplizierteren Probleme bei der Berechnung von Einschleifen-Feynmandiagrammen. In dieser Arbeit wird die Computerprogrammbibliothek PJFry entwickelt, mit der Tensorintegrale mit bis zu fünf äusseren Beinen und unter Zugrundelegung beliebiger Kinematik numerisch ausgewertet werden können. Im Programm PJFry sind Algorithmen implementiert, mit denen bei der Reduktion von Pentagon-Tensoren inverse Potenzen der Gramdeterminanten vermieden werden können. Gramdeterminanten der Boxdiagramme werden unter Verwendung von Rekursionsrelationen mit variabler Raum-Zeit-Dimension in einem Satz neuer Basisintegrale isoliert. Die neuen Basisintegrale werden ebenfalls durch Rekursionsrelationen mit variabler Raum-Zeit-Dimension oder durch Entwicklung in kleinen Gramdeterminanten ausgewertet. Die Konvergenz letzterer wird durch Padé-Extrapolation erheblich beschleunigt. Ein Cache-System erlaubt die mehrfache Verwendung von numerischen Bausteinen und erhöht zusätzlich die Effizienz des Programmpakets. Ausser ausführlichen Tests von Struktur und Genauigkeit der Algorithmen wird eine nichtriviale Beispielanwendung ausgearbeitet und mit dem Programm NGluon verglichen: die Berechnung von fünf-Gluon-Helizitätsamplituden. Schließlich werden die virtuellen Einschleifenkorrekturen zur Myonpaarproduktion mit Emission energiereicher ("harter") Photonen berechnet. Die Methode wird erläutert, wie auch Renormierung und Behandlung der Polstruktur in dimensionaler Regularisierung. Numerische Vorhersagen für differentielle Wirkungsquerschnitte werden berechnet, unter Zugrundelegung der kinematischen Situationen, wie sie bei den Detektoren KLOE (DAFNE, Frascati) und BaBar (SLAC) typisch sind. In this thesis we discuss the problem of evaluation of tensor integrals appearing in a typical one-loop Feynman diagram calculation. We present a computer library for the numerical evaluation of tensor integrals with up to 5 legs and arbitrary kinematics. The code implements algorithms based on the formalism which avoids the appearance of inverse Gram determinants in the reduction of pentagon diagrams. The Gram determinants of box integrals are isolated in the set of new basis integrals by using dimensional recurrence relations. These integrals are then evaluated by dimensional recurrence or expansion in small Gram determinant, which is improved by Padé extrapolation. A cache system allows reuse of identical building blocks and increases the efficiency. After describing the cross checks and accuracy tests, we show a sample application to the evaluation of five gluon helicity amplitudes, which is compared with the output of the program NGluon. In the last part the program is applied to the calculation of the one-loop virtual corrections to the muon pair production with hard photon emission. The computation method is explained, followed by a discussion of renormalization and pole structure. Finally, we present numerical results for differential cross sections with kinematics of the KLOE and BaBar detectors.
- Published
- 2012
42. Perturbative quantization of superstring theory in Anti de-Sitter spaces
- Author
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Sundin, Per, Frolov, Sergey, Theisen, Stefan, and Uwer, Peter
- Subjects
Dualität ,Duality ,Gauge theory ,String theorie ,Integrabilität ,String theory ,ddc:530 ,Integrability ,530 Physik ,Guage theory ,29 Physik, Astronomie - Abstract
Um das mikroskopische Verhalten der Gravitation zu beschreiben, ist es nötig, Quantenfeldtheorie und allgemeine Relativitätstheorie in einer vereinheitlichten Sprache zu formulieren. Eine Möglichkeit dieses Problem anzugehen ist es, die Punktteilchen der Quantenfeldtheorie durch fadenförmige Strings zu ersetzen. Allerdings erfordert die mathematische Konsistenz, dass sich die String in höherdimensionalen Raum-Zeiten bewegen; dies macht es jedoch sehr schwer, physikalische Konsequenzen zu extrahieren. Eine mögliche Lösung dieses Problems ist die Verwendung von String-Dualitäten, welche die Stringtheorie mittels holographischer Beschreibungen mit Eichtheorien auf dem Rand der Raum-Zeit verbinden. Die Dualitäten sind begründete Vermutungen, die die String- und Eichtheorie bei unterschiedlichen Werten der Kopplung gleichsetzen. Nicht zuletzt deshalb ist eine direkte Überprüfung der Dualitäten schwierig durchführbar. Hier hilft jedoch die sehr bemerkenswerte Tatsache, dass eine verborgene Eigenschaft der Vermutungen Integrabilität zu sein scheint, welche eine Extrapolation zwischen starker und schwacher Kopplung ermöglicht. Desweiteren kann das gesamte Spektrum, in gewissen vereinfachenden Grenzfällen, durch einen kompakten Satz von Bethe-Gleichungen ausgedrückt werden. Die Bethe-Gleichungen, welche aus Eichtheorierechnungen hergeleitet und geraten werden, bieten ein exzellentes Hilfsmittel, die vermuteten Dualitäten zu prüfen. Durch das Vergleichen der Vorhersagen der Gleichungen und expliziten Berechnungen in der Stringtheorie erhält man starke Argumente für die Gültigkeit der Vermutung und der angenommenen Integrabilität. In this thesis we study superstring theory on AdS$_5\, \times\,$S$^5$, AdS$_3\,\times\,$S$^3$ and $\adsfour$. A shared feature of each theory is that their corresponding symmetry algebras allows for a decomposition under a $\mathbb{Z}_4$ grading. The grading can be realized through an automorphism which allows for a convenient construction of the string Lagrangians directly in terms of graded components. We adopt a uniform light-cone gauge and expand in a near plane wave limit, or equivalently, an expansion in transverse string coordinates. With a main focus on the two critical string theories, we perform a perturbative quantization up to quartic order in the number of fields. Each string theory is, through holographic descriptions, conjectured to be dual to lower dimensional gauge theories. The conjectures imply that the conformal dimensions of single trace operators in gauge theory should be equal to the energy of string states. What is more, through the use of integrable methods, one can write down a set of Bethe equations whose solutions encode the full spectral problem. One main theme of this thesis is to match the predictions of these equations, written in a language suitable for the light-cone gauge we employ, against explicit string theory calculations. We do this for a large class of string states and the perfect agreement we find lends strong support for the validity of the conjectures.
- Published
- 2011
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