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Vaginitis is a gynecological disease affecting the health of millions of women all over the world. The traditional diagnosis of vaginitis is based on manual microscopy, which is time-consuming and tedious. The deep learning method offers a fast and reliable solution for an automatic early diagnosis of vaginitis. However, deep neural networks require massive well-annotated data. Manual annotation of microscopic images is highly cost extensive because it not only is a time-consuming process but also needs highly trained people (doctors, pathologists, or technicians). Most existing active learning approaches are not applicable in microscopic images due to the nature of complex backgrounds and numerous formed elements. To address the problem of high cost of labeling microscopic images, we present a data-efficient framework for the identification of vaginitis based on transfer learning and active learning strategies. The proposed informative sample selection strategy selected the minimal training subset, and then the pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) was fine-tuned on the selected subset. The experiment results show that the proposed pipeline can save 37.5% annotation cost while maintaining competitive performance. The proposed promising novel framework can significantly save the annotation cost and has the potential of extending widely to other microscopic imaging applications, such as blood microscopic image analysis., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Ruqian Hao et al.)

Unsafe abortion is one of the most neglected healthcare problems in developing countries. One of the rare complications of unsafe abortion is retained foetal bone. Prevalence of disease is around 0.15% among patients undergoing diagnostic hysteroscopy. Patients have no specific symptoms. Case reports have focused on subfertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, lower abdominal pain, abnormal vaginal discharge, dyspareunia, dysmenorrhoea and spontaneous passage of bony fragments. Retained foetal bone fragments may cause acute pelvic inflammatory disease in rare cases regardless of the time interval after abortion. This condition can also present as recurrent vagitinis or endometritis refractory to ampirical antimicrobial treatment. In such cases, foreign body in uterine cavity should be kept in mind. Such patients should primarily be evaluated by ultrasonography which has substantial clinical importance in differential diagnosis of these cases. We present a case of misdiagnosed retained foetal bone complicated with recurrent vaginal discharge and acute pelvic inflammatory disease.

Objective: This report describes the CT appearance of vaginitis emphysematosa., Conclusion: Vaginitis emphysematosa is characterized by gas-filled cysts in the vaginal wall, in a pattern similar to pneumatosis of the intestines or bladder. This bacterial vaginitis is benign and self-limited and does not signify the presence of tissue necrosis or life-threatening infection.

The influence of the suppository bases on the in-vivo release of 99mTc-labelled isoconazole nitrate was investigated. The single-dose vaginal suppository formulations for local treatment of vaginitis were prepared by a fusion method using polyethylene glycols, Witepsol H15, Novata BD and Cremao. Prepared vaginal suppositories containing solid-labelled substance were applied to the vagina of rabbits and at 0, 2 and 24 h after administration, the amounts of radioactivity in the vagina were detected by the SPECT Gamma Camera and the release rates of the drug were calculated. The percent released was found to be in the following order; polyethylene glycol (PEG) 6000 > PEG 4000 > Witepsol > PEG 1500 > Novata BD > Cremao. The results obtained in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies indicated that the vaginal suppository of isoconazole nitrate prepared with polyethylene glycols could confidently be used in therapy.

An unusual case of a full-term pregnancy in a patient with a uterus didelphys is presented. The main complication was the formation of pyocolpos in a blind hypoplastic hemivagina observed early in gestation. The therapeutic approach and the related problems are discussed.

Vaginitis emphysematosa (VE) is a benign, self-limited condition characterized by a myriad of gas-filled spaces in the subepithelial lining of the vaginal wall, which give it a distinct radiographic appearance. Failure to make the correct diagnosis may lead to an inappropriate course of treatment, including surgery. Although it is considered rare, we have encountered five cases of VE in the course of a year.