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Soil gas radon concentrations have been studied in an active fault zone of Ilgın, Konya, Turkey. At this seismically active fault zone 20 km long, 3-5 km width in the study area there are two faults and a graben in between them. The maximum radon and thoron concentrations are 32601 Bq/m3 and 17628 Bq/m3 , while the minimum values are 170 Bq/m3 and 103 Bq/m3 respectively. At 15 sampling points for radon the obtained values are higher than the average values. There has been a clear visibility of both 222Rn radon and 220Rn thoron anomalies in the area. The 222Rn and 220Rn have no positive or negative correlation at sampling points in the field.

F or the last fifteen years, there has been extensive motorway and railway constructions in Turkey. This requires enormous amount of road-fillers and aggregates, and the construction companies open many open-pit limestone quarries to fulfill their aggregate needs. The partly double four lines , partly one-way double line motorway of KonyaHüyük have recently been enlarged and partly re-constructed. During this construction, a total of five limestone quarry were opened to produce limestone aggregate. The Bozlutepe Limestone member of Asmalıtepe Formation near the town of Selki HüyükKonya, central Anatolia were used for this demand, and it has been operated for the last 6 years. The limestone member is approximately 200 m thick at most and mostly made of three type of minerals and these are dolomitic limestone, crystalline limestone and quartz-bearing crystallized limestones. All the minerals are crystallized and the minerals locally dominate at the quarry. The produced aggregates have relatively flat granulometry curve indicating most of the grains are of thin and have clay-silt sized particles. Our studies revealed that Bozlutepe Limestones are formed in carbonate facies in shallow marine environments during Permian-Carboniferous times. The member most likely have low-grade metamorphism during Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras

The Horoz pluton includes granitic and granodioritic rocks, with widespread mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). Petrochemically, the rocks of the pluton show calc-alkaline to shoshonitic and metaluminous to slightly peraluminous composition. The rocks also exhibit an enrichment in large ion lithophile elements, e.g. Rb, K, and depletions of high field strength elements such as Y, Lu, and Mg#, Ni, with a slightly concave-upward rare earth element pattern. Both granitic and granodioritic rocks exhibit geochemical characteristics of tonalite, trondhjemite and granodiorite assemblages, possibly developed by the partial melting of a thickened lower crust. The granitoids have high concentrations of Na2O (2.6–4.5 wt%), Sr (347–599 ppm), intermediate-high (La/Yb)N (8.2–18.1, mostly >11 ), Al2O3 (13.2–16.9 wt%, average 15.3 wt%), low MgO (0.2–1.4 wt%, average 0.84 wt%) and Co (0.7–10.3 ppm). The MMEs include higher Na2O (4.5–5.5 wt%), Sr (389–1149 ppm), Al2O3 (16.9–19.2 wt%, average 17.8 wt%), MgO (1.4–4.4 wt%, average 2.75 wt%) and Co (6.2–18.7 ppm) contents in comparison with that of their hosts. There is a lack of negative Eu anomalies, except a few samples. Both host rocks and MMEs have a low initial 87Sr/86Sr ratio (respectively 0.7046–0.7051 and 0.7047–0.7058), low eNd value (–1.8 to –0.2 and –0.6 to 0.7 at 50 Ma) and highly radiogenic 208Pb/204Pb ratios (39.43–39.47 and 39.39–39.54). Whole-rock chemistry and isotopic data suggest that parent magmas of both MMEs and their hosts have derived from melts of the mixing between the lithospheric mantle and crustal end members, than fractional crystallization processes in crustal levels.

Extensive Late Miocene to Pliocene Erenlerdagi volcanism produced lava domes, nue´e ardentes and ignimbrite deposits in west and southwest of the Konya. The domes may contain various enclaves, which range in size from a few cm to a few meters, and in shape cornered to spherical. The volcanic rocks are made up of plagioclase (15-45%), brown amphibole (3-15%), brown biotite (5-10 %), quartz (0-5%), sanidine (0-5%), clinopyroxene (0-5 %), epidote (0-8%), opaque iron ore (3-20%), and accessory acicular apatite and zircon in a holocrystalline porphyric texture. Geochemical data shows that all samples are high-K calc-alkaline, mostly metaluminous, and rhyodacite to andesite in composition. They are characterized by an enrichment in Large Ion lithophile Elements (e.g. Cs, K), and a depletion in High Field Strength Elements (e.g. Ti, Y). In Harker variation diagrams, SiO2 increases with increasing K2O, Na2O, Rb, Th, U, Nb, Zr contents; and decreasing TiO2, FeOt, MgO, CaO contents, suggesting fractional crystallisation of hornblende (± pyroxene, olivine) and titanite. The REE pattern of the samples shows an enrichment in Light Rare Earth Elements, and a depletion in Heavy Rare Earth Elements, resultant with high [(La/Lu)N= 8.2-18.0] ratios. Existence of slight Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*: 0.66-0.80 ) may suggest plagioclase fractionation in the samples. Based on field, mineralogical and geochemical data, it has been suggested that the Erenlerdagı volcanics could have formed by chemical mixing of felsic and mafic magmas possibly coupled with fractional crystallisation of hornblende (± pyroxene, olivine), plagioclase and titanite, in relation with the subduction of the African plate underneath the Anatolian plate during Miocene.

The dissolution kinetics of a lateritic nickel ore in the sulphuric acid solution were investigated. The shrinking core model wasapplied to the results of experiments. The effects of stirring speed (100–600 rpm), H2SO4 concentration (0.1–2 mol l-1), leachingtemperature (40-96 °C) and the particle size of the ore were studied on the nickel dissolution rate. The correlation coefficients for eachdifferent parameters were calculated. The results indicated that the dissolution rate of Ni is controlled by diffusion. The activationenergy (Ea) for the dissolution reaction was determined to be 68.66 kJ mol-1. The Arrhenius constant was calculated to be 8.2578 s−1.The order of reaction for the H2SO4 concentration and the particle size were also obtained. It was found that the stirring speed hadno effect on the rate of nickel dissolution.

Optimum enriching possibilities of chromite ores from the abandoned Topraktepe mine were investigated. To obtain the best enriching method(s), shaking table, multi gravity separator, humprey spiral and jigging tests were tested. The best grades for Cr2O3 are 55.65% by shaking table, 57.52% by multigravity separator, 54.58 % by humprey spiral test and 50.68 % by jigging. To provide these results, the particle sizes of the ore are -0.3 to 0.212 mm for shaking table, -0.106 to 0.075 mm for multi gravity separator, -0.3 to 0.212 mm for humprey spiral and -2 to 1 mm for jigging. Regarding the best grades obtained, the recoveries for shaking table, multi gravity separator, humprey spiral and jigging methods are 85.38 %, 79.83 %, 94.89 % and 87.58 % respectively. The results of these tests show that a further recovery of remaining 500 000 tons of ore could be possible from the abandoned Topraktepe chromite deposit.

Seydişehir'in yaklaşık 20 km güneybatısında bulunan Kızıldağ'da ortaya çıkan kromitler ultramafik kütlenin dunit bileşimli kayaçları içerisinde bulunmaktadır. Bu kayaçlar içerisinde bandlı, saçılımlı ve masif yapılı olarak bulunan kromitler, kimyasal bakımdan Alpin tip kromitlerin özelliğini taşımaktadır. Al'lu ve Ferri kromit olarak adlandırılan kromitlerin Cr/Fet oranı 2.77 ile 3.28 arasında (ort. 2.92) değişmektedir. Cr/Cr+Al-Mg/Mg+Fe+2diyagramında üç değerlikli bileşenler dar bir alanda iki değerlikli bileşenler ise daha geniş bir alanda dağılım gösterirler.

The study area is located at 20 km southwest of Seydişehir (Konya) and the chromites are cropped out in the dunitic rocks of the Kızıldağ ultramafics. The chromites are found as banded, schliren and massive occurrences and their chemical composition have a features of Alpine type chromites. These chromites can be classified as Al- rich and ferric chromites and their Cr/Fet is between 2.77 and 3.28 (mean 2.99). In the Cr/Cr+AlMg/Mg+Fe +2 binary diagram, r/Cr+Al values covers a festricted area while Mg/Mg + Fe+2 ratios distrubuted in a wider range. There is a strong negative correlation between Cr and Mg and negative (not too strong) correlation between Cr and Al.

İnceleme alanında en altta Bolkar grubuna ait Dedeköy (Üst Permiyen) ve Gerdekesyayla (Alt-Orta Triyas) formasyonları yer alır. Dedeköy formasyonu; dolomitik kireçtaşı ve mermerlerden oluşur ve taban dokanağı inceleme alanında gözlenmez. Dedeköy formasyonu üzerine uyumlu dokanakla fillit, dolomitik kireçtaşı ile kalkşist ardalanmasından oluşan ve kireçtaşı olistolitleri kapsayan Gerdekesyayla formasyonu gelmektedir. Bolkar grubu üzerine uyumsuz olarak konglomera ve kumtaşıyla başlayan, kumlu kireçtaşı, killi kireçtaşı ara tabakaları kapsayan kumtaşı-şeyl ardalanmasından oluşan Halkapınar formasyonu (Üst Paleosen-Orta Eosen) gelmektedir. Halkapınar formasyonu içinde andezit, bazalt ve diyabaz daykları ile bunlara ait bloklar da yer almaktadır. Halkapınar formasyonu üzerine uyumsuz olarak konglomera ve kireçtaşlarından oluşan Kepeztepe formasyonu (Üst Miyosen-Alt Pliyosen) gelir. Bu birimdeki kireçtaşları genellikle stromatolitik olup stromatolitlerin gelişiminde Schizothrix sp., Phormidium sp ve/veya Scytonema sp. gibi alg cinsleri etkili olmuştur. Tüm bu birimler üzerinde ise Kuvaterner yaşlı akarsu çökelleri, yamaç molozları ve alüvyonlardan ibaret genç oluşuklar açılı uyumsuz olarak yer almaktadır.

In the study area the Upper Permian aged Dedeköy formation and the Lower-Middle Triassic aged Gerdekesyayla formation, both belonging to the Bolkar group, found in the mustbottom of the region. Dedeköy formation is made dolomitic limestone and crystalline limestone. The base of this unit in the study area is not exposed. But, it is conformably overlain by the Gerdekesyayla formation. The Gerdekesyayla formation consists of phyllite, dolomitic limestone alternation with calc-schist and some limestone olistoliths. The Upper Paleocene-Middle Eocene aged Halkapınar formation unconformably overlies the Bolkar group. Halkapınar formation starts with conglomerate and sandstones and it comprises sandy and clayey limestone strata, although it is mainly made of sandstone and shale interlayers. Diabasic dykes and stocks can also be found in the Halkapınar formation. The Upper Miocene-Lower Pliocene aged Kepeztepe formation unconformably overlies the Halkapınar formation. Kepeztepe formation is made up of conglomerate and limestone. In this formation,the of this limestones are useually stromatolitic, and the formations of this stromatolitic limestones govermed by some algae, such as Schizothrix sp., Phormidium sp. and/or Scytonema sp. The Quaternary aged stream sediments, talus deposits and alluvium unconformably overlies the older units in the region.

İnceleme alanında en altta Bolkar grubuna ait Dedeköy (Üst Permiyen) ve Gerdekesyayla (Alt-Orta Triyas) formasyonları yer alır. Dedeköy formasyonu; dolomitik kireçtaşı ve mermerlerden oluşur ve taban dokanağı inceleme alanında gözlenmez. Dedeköy formasyonu üzerine uyumlu dokanakla fillit, dolomitik kireçtaşı ile kalkşist ardalanmasından oluşan ve kireçtaşı olistolitleri kapsayan Gerdekesyayla formasyonu gelmektedir. Bolkar grubu üzerine uyumsuz olarak konglomera ve kumtaşıyla başlayan, kumlu kireçtaşı, killi kireçtaşı ara tabakaları kapsayan kumtaşı-şeyl ardalanmasından oluşan Halkapınar formasyonu (Üst Paleosen-Orta Eosen) gelmektedir. Halkapınar formasyonu içinde andezit, bazalt ve diyabaz daykları ile bunlara ait bloklar da yer almaktadır. Halkapınar formasyonu üzerine uyumsuz olarak konglomera ve kireçtaşlarından oluşan Kepeztepe formasyonu (Üst Miyosen-Alt Pliyosen) gelir. Bu birimdeki kireçtaşları genellikle stromatolitik olup stromatolitlerin gelişiminde Schizothrix sp., Phormidium sp ve/veya Scytonema sp. gibi alg cinsleri etkili olmuştur. Tüm bu birimler üzerinde ise Kuvaterner yaşlı akarsu çökelleri, yamaç molozları ve alüvyonlardan ibaret genç oluşuklar açılı uyumsuz olarak yer almaktadır.