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Separating the baseline wander interface signal from data Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals is critical for a proper diagnosis of heart disease. The reducing or eliminating baseline wander is representing one of the important topic in ECG signal processing. This interface signal has a low frequency according to data ECG signal, and causing the doctor's judgment on myocardial ischemia skewed. The ECG is represented by sparse data signals, whereas low-frequency indicators represent the baseline wander. The Ant Colony Algorithm is used with efficient independent component analysis in the proposed work to improve the separation of baseline wander interface signal from raw ECG data. This work creates a new method for reducing the influence baseline wander in ECG readings by combining efficient independent analysis with the Ant Colony Algorithm. The main advantage of the suggested technique over the old method is that it isolates all the essential data without filtering it out of the raw ECG signal. The result is computed using MATLAB (Ver. 2021) and accurate data from Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT-BIH). Another contribution is the first time the Ant colony method has been used to evaluate ECG signal analysis with efficient independent research. The obtained results demonstrated that this method is highly effective in removing baseline wander interference signals, the signal to interface ratio is enhanced from -7.346 to -4.022 by using proposed work instead of classical Fast independent analysis for simulated data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, solar power represents one of the most stable and important renewable energy resources in our life, its importance increases every second because the planet will be run out of fossil fuel in the near future, but sometime uncertain fluctuations appear duo to rain, dust, clouds, and heat which prompts the issue of power supply interference. So that, in the traditional way, the solar panels have to be check from time to another to figure out if they still work correctly, and that could make either the maintenance cost will be high, or there will be loss in the performance, that could be obvious in a solar system of large number of panels. As a result a better way to check the solar cells is needed to make the performance better, especially in case of a large number of solar panels. In this paper, a study will be made about solar system consists of an array of solar panels and photovoltaic parameter in each of them. The main purpose is building a system which works on fault detection. This study depends on Smart Monitoring Device (SMD) sensors, which connected to each PV panel. These sensors collect the measurements periodically, and send them to an IoT central server, in order to detect the faults to correct them as soon as possible and improve the efficiency of solar panels. The results showed that the AC voltage from the applying the system of Solar Voltage 1when the fault occurs as the maximum is 30.62 V and average is 17.9 V while the Solar Voltage 2 as max is 31.05 V, and average is 18.15 V. The AC power consumed per unit time (0.1 seconds is 20.573 W to 0.8 seconds is 20.592 W. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Positioning within indoor environments is one of the major challenges facing many different applications. It has become necessary to find algorithms and systems capable of locating a specific object within an environment that contains many objects. In this paper, the researchers have made a detailed study on many methods of positioning within different environments. Some methods rely on digital images and others rely on identification systems by radio waves and other methods. Each system has a number of advantages that qualify it to be the best choice in certain applications. On the other hand, there are drawbacks to each system that prevent it from working within certain environments. Clear comparisons are made in this paper showing the different systems with the pros and cons of each one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2.45 GHz area is used to demonstrate the operation of a penetrating windmill-like surface with wireless energy harvesting that is comparable to the polarization-independent collecting of electromagnetic waves (Wifi). An improved wireless energy harvester's efficiency can be achieved by reducing the susceptibility of the reception to polarization and wave angle. Four identical metal wires that have been 45 degrees rotated make form the meta-surface unit cell. A wide-angle, polarization-insensitive behavior, exceptionally high absorption coefficients, and extreme compactness characterize the simulated unit cell. An 86% harvesting efficiency at 2.45 GHz is achieved by building and simulating a three-dimensional metamaterial harvester. For applications requiring great efficiency, the suggested meta-material design may be particularly intriguing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meeting the increasing global demand for energy has been a significant challenge for the world, and photovoltaic (PV) energy has made tremendous progress in recent years. However, designing and implementing solar systems still poses significant challenges due to the conversion of a substantial fraction from the solar irradiation that strikes photovoltaic cells to heat. Maintaining a consistent temperature is crucial for solar photovoltaics to achieve maximum efficiency, especially in areas with extremely high average annual temperatures. Several PV module cooling methods, such as using water or air, are used for thermal regulation, often cycled by pumps, fans, and blowers. Unfortunately, these simple PV cooling technologies have a few limitations, including poor heat dissipation in passive mode and a need for external power sources, which lower system efficiency and increase repair and maintenance costs. However, the combination of photovoltaic modules with phase change materials (PCMs) can effectively lower solar cell temperatures and increase their output power without requiring an external power source. In this study, we evaluated the use of two locally manufactured PCMs, Paraffin wax and Petroleum jelly (Vaseline), which are readily available in the Iraqi market at low costs. Our outdoor experiment aimed to examine the effects of a mixture of these PCMs on the temperature and electrical performance of PV panels. The findings reveal that the mixed PCM increased the electrical efficiency of the PV panel by up to 13.1% and reduced its temperature by 6.1 °C, and the average temperature by 5.29 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the introduction of 5th generation (5G) networks, the demand for new services and applications is driving a rapid increase in data traffic, which poses new challenges for wireless networks. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) or (Drone) can be used to support wireless networks during peak hours, especially when there is a lot of traffic because users are moving around in space and time. In this work, the problems with mobile network congestion and the biggest problems that come with the launch of the next generation are looked at. An overview of applications that help UAVs with the help of networks that are affected by the flow of users in time and space is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As next-generation wireless communication technologies advance and spectrum resources become scarcer, Cognitive Radio Networks (CRN) must incorporate learning and reasoning capabilities. Spectrum Sensing (SS) in particular has emerged as the primary target for investigation to solve the problems of CRN. Deep learning techniques have been used to add new aspects to SS. This paper is based on a statistical analysis of the classic energy detection scheme, which is solely dependent on the number of samples and secondary users' signal-to-noise ratio. The detection of channel occupancy is based on well-established analytical techniques such as Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) and AND/OR rules. Furthermore, the deep learning Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) algorithm is used for SS and compared to analytic techniques. the results demonstrate that the LSTM technique presents a better trade-off between the probability of false alarms and the probability of missed especially for fading channels with accurate detection of 87.4%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of photovoltaic (PV) energy has made great advances in recent years toward satisfying the world's increasing energy demand. Since a large fraction of the solar radiation that falls on photovoltaic cells is converted to heat, there are still significant obstacles to overcome in the design and installation of solar systems. Especially in regions where the average annual temperature is extremely high, it is crucial to maintain a constant temperature for the solar photovoltaics to maximize their effectiveness. Findings indicate that phase change materials (PCMs) have a strong potential for cooling solar cells. In this work, we assess a number of previous studies related to the use of phase change material in photovoltaic modules for temperature control and power increase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the different multiple access techniques, Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) is considered the most important topic these days due to the spectral efficiency that is needed to serve the increase in connected devices. For a downlink NOMA system, this research examines and studies User Pairing (UP) and Power Allocation (PA). To address the problem of Cell Mid Users (CMU) in conventional Near Far Paring (NFP), which occurs when there is a small channel gain difference between users pair, the power allocated to each user in the pair is so close that it causes a degradation in Successive Interference Cancelation (SIC) performance, an Enhanced Fair PA (EFPA) algorithm is proposed in this work to enhance the conventional NFP performance in terms of Cell Edge User (CEU) rate and system fairness. The simulation result shows that the proposed NFP EFPA is significantly better than the NFP Fixed PA and Uniform Channel Gain Difference (UCGD) schemes, where CEU rate is guaranteed and outperforms UCGD CEU in terms of ergodic capacity of about (18–22 bps/Hz) at (40 dBm) of transmit power and CMU capacity of about (20 bps/Hz) at (40 dBm) higher than the NFP fixed PA. Furthermore, the fairness index has significantly increased and can be approximately 25% more efficient than other schemes. The MATLAB programming language was used here to simulate the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vision for fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications is to deliver extremely high data speeds (typically in the Gbps range) in comparison to current Fourth Generation (4G) Long Term Evolution (LTE) networks, extremely low latency, a significant increase in base station capacity, and a substantial improvement in consumers' perceived Quality of Service (QoS). The proliferation of smart devices is already straining existing cellular networks, new emergent multimedia applications, and an exponential increase in demand and consumption of wireless data (multimedia) demand and consumption. With the growing demand for fast data speeds and a growth in users over the last decade, current 3G and 4G technologies will not match the consumers' internet demands. As a result, the construction of the network's next generation, known as the 5th generation, is required. This paper will be a comprehensive investigation into radio access Network (RAN) architecture features, concepts, and technology, such as features heterogeneous RAN, Software Design Network (SDN), smart antennas, cloud, air interfaces, and 5G, ideas, and technology. Finally, there are 5G, QoS, and research to consider. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wireless sensor networks (WSN) have piqued the interest of academics and developers for a variety of applications, such as environmental monitoring. Forest fires are considered a disaster when they occur on a large scale. Forest fires typically involve the loss of lives (human or animals), the loss of vegetation, the loss of wildlife, and communication failures. This incident necessitates regular monitoring and good communication and technology. In comparison to traditional forest fire detection approaches, WSNs are a very promising green technology for the future. It efficiently detects disasters. So, disaster response and rescue applications are regarded as important WSN applications. The interest in providing a comprehensive survey on the traditional methods and modern techniques for detecting forest fires is very important. In this regard, this research paper has been proposed, which provides researchers in this field with a clear view of the techniques used to detect and manage forest fires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative resource for energy and water has become essential to ensure long-term sustainability. Industrial wastewater is one of the main environmental challenges which could affect one's life, due to its related pollution. Using solar distillation systems could be the key solution to treating industrial wastewater. In this work, an experimental apparatus was fabricated and tested according to Al-Samawa city climate conditions, to treat the oily-waste water from a refinery. Two different sources of raw wastewater samples with different physical and chemical characteristics were used. Five different runs were performed on different days in November at a sunshine time between (10 AM – 2 PM). The results of the condensate water showed that TDS was reduced by 94 %, conductivity reduced by 95 % and PH increased from an average value of 6.4 to 7.4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA) with a dual feeding line is designed and investigated at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna is fed by two orthogonal aperture-coupled feeding slots in order to generate polarization diversity pattern. The shape and location of the slots were optimized to realize the highest operating bandwidth and highest isolation between the two feeds. The dual feeds line is intended to excite the DR with multiple relative permittivity, resulting in a high impedance bandwidth operating. The proposed single CDRA has been fabricated and mounted on a Rogers Rogers RT/duroid 6010/6010LM (tm)1 (εr = 10.2 and tanδ = 0.0023) substrate. The optimized single element has been applied to improve the gain and achieve the required gain performance. The radiation pattern, impedance bandwidth and gain are simulated. The proposed antenna obtains a reflection coefficient response from 26 GHz to 29 GHz which cover the desired frequency band. This makes the proposed antenna achieve 3 GHz impedance bandwidth and gain of 7.5dB. Thus, it has potential for millimeter wave. In addition we study current and future wireless networks from the viewpoint of energy efficiency (EE) and sustainability to meet the planned network and service evolution towards 5G. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a circular fractal microstrip patch antenna integrated with a metasurface layer, having a periodic arrangement, to enhancing the antenna performance is proposed. The idea of using fractal geometry in periodic shapes inspired here in this study belong to a wide range of fractal applications in RF, microwave and antenna designs. Widening bandwidths of some antennas and microwave circuits is one of the goals when using the fractal geometry. The antenna is fed by a conventional 50ohm microstrip transmission line. Circular cuts have been removed from the main circular microstrip patch antenna in order to obtain wider bandwidth. The metasurface layer is added over the main antenna radiator as a step to focus the radiated power narrower beams which in turn play a vital role to increase gain of our proposed antenna. The obtained gain was about 7.6dB after adding the metasurface, but it was about 5.24dB without it. Moreover, we got a bandwidth of about 313MHz at a center frequency 11.4GHz. In all simulations, CST studio suite program is used to analyze the behavior of the proposed antenna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]