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Polysaccharides from Auricularia auricula (AAP) were extracted by hot water extraction and fractionated by sequential precipitation with 10% and 80% (final concentration) ethanol into two fractions (named AAP-10 and AAP-80, respectively). Each fraction was further separated into three subfractions: AP-10-I, AAP-10-II, AAP-10-III, AAP-80-I, AAP-80-II and AAP-80-III. Each of the six polysaccharides was vacuum infiltrated into white radish before dehydration and rehydration. The effects of these polysaccharides on the rehydration characteristics of white radish were investigated by measuring the rehydration ratio, expansibility, water-holding capacity (WHC), color and texture parameters. Polysaccharides that greatly differed in their ability to improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish were selected for structural characterization. The results showed that compared with dehydrated radish without osmotic treatment, treatment with AAP could improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish in varying degrees. The effect of AAP-80-III was most pronounced among the six polysaccharides. The rehydration ratio of radish treated with AAP-80-III was 7.32, the expansibility was 3.22 mL/g, and the water-holding capacity was 87.2%; it had better color (L* value of 62.68 ± 0.17, a* value of ?1.06 ± 0.02, and b* value of 4.23 ± 0.09), hardness (1 746.14 ± 11.9) N and chewiness (1 207.09 ± 9.39) N. AAP-10-I could also improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish, but the difference was not significant. AAP-10-I and AAP-80-III contained neither protein nor nucleic acid, and both had hydrophilic functional groups. But the molecular mass of AAP-80-III was less than that AAP-10-I, and so AAP-80-III could more easily penetrate into radish tissue. Moreover, arabinose accounted for a larger proportion in the monosaccharide composition of AAP-80-III, which increased the water-holding capacity of radish tissue. Based on the above results, AAP-80-III can effectively improve the rehydration characteristics of dehydrated radish.

This paper is concerned with the large deviation principle of the stochastic reaction-diffusion lattice systems defined on the $ N $-dimensional integer set, where the nonlinear drift term is locally Lipschitz continuous with polynomial growth of any degree and the nonlinear diffusion term is locally Lipschitz continuous with linear growth. We first prove the convergence of the solutions of the controlled stochastic lattice systems, and then establish the large deviations by the weak convergence method based on the equivalence of the large deviation principle and the Laplace principle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the asymptotic compactness of the solutions of the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes equations defined in unbounded channel-like domains. In order to overcome the non-compactness of Sobolev embeddings in unbounded domains, we establish the uniform tail-ends estimates of solutions by showing all the solutions are uniformly small outside a sufficiently large bounded domain for all large time and bounded initial data, which implies the asymptotic compactness and hence the existence of global attractors in the natural energy space. The uniform tail-ends estimates are derived by the scalar stream function of the Navier-Stokes equations which is distinct from the reaction-diffusion equation due to the divergence free condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with uniform large deviation principles of fractional stochastic reaction-diffusion equations driven by additive noise defined on unbounded domains where the solution operator is non-compact and hence the result of [32] does not apply. The nonlinear drift is assumed to be locally Lipschitz continnous instead of being globally Lipschitz continuous. We first prove a large deviation principle for a fractional linear stochastic equation by the weak convergence method, and then show a uniform large deviation principle for the fractional nonlinear equation by a uniform contraction principle, despite the Sobolev embeddings are non-compact in unbounded domains. The result of the paper regrading the uniform large deviations can be applied to investigate the exit time and exit place of the solutions of the stochastic reaction-diffusion equations from a given domain in the phase space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we first prove a uniform contraction principle for verifying the uniform large deviation principles of locally Hölder continuous maps in Banach spaces. We then show the local Hölder continuity of the solutions of a class of fractional parabolic equations with polynomial drift of any order defined on ℝ n . We finally establish the large deviation principle of the fractional stochastic equations uniformly with respect to bounded initial data, despite the solution operators are not compact due to the non-compactness of Sobolev embeddings on unbounded domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The quality of dehydrated vegetables is affected by the degree to which they are returned to their original state during rehydration (restorability). At present, whether this mechanism occurs at the cell-wall or cell-membrane level is unclear. This paper reviews the important factors affecting the mechanism of dehydration–rehydration, focusing on the analysis of the composition and structure of the cell wall and cell membrane, and summarizes the related detection and analytical techniques that can be used to explore the mechanisms of dehydration–rehydration at the cell-wall and cell-membrane levels. The integrity and permeability of the cell membrane affect water transport during the dehydration–rehydration process. The cell wall and cell membrane are supporting materials for tissue morphology. The arabinan side chains of the primary structure and fibers are important for water retention. Water transport may be classified as symplastic and apoplastic. Cell membrane disruption occurs with symbiotic transport but increases the drying rate. An in-depth analysis of the dehydration–rehydration mechanism of vegetables will help develop and improve their processing methods and inspire new applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the long term dynamics of the supercritical stochastic wave equation driven by multiplicative noise on unbounded domains. By introducing an appropriate variable, we convert the stochastic equation into a pathwise deterministic wave equation and prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions by the uniform Strichartz estimates. Then we prove the existence and uniqueness of pullback random attractors of the non-autonomous random dynamical system associated with the stochastic equation. The pullback asymptotic compactness of solutions is established by the idea of uniform tail-ends estimates as well as the decomposition method of the solution operator in order to overcome the non-compactness of Sobolev embeddings on unbounded domains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions of fractional nonclassical diffusion equations with delay driven by additive noise defined on unbounded domains. We first prove the uniform compactness of pullback random attractors of the equation with respect to noise intensity and time delay, and then establish the upper semi-continuity of these attractors as either noise intensity or time delay approaches zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]