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Research Findings: Parental control is considered to be an important aspect of parenting. However, the meaning and the function of parental control are still controversial, especially when the cultural context is considered. The purpose of the present research was to explore the meaning and the function of parental control in Chinese culture. The participants were 189 preschoolers at age 4 to 5 and their mothers and teachers from Shanghai, China. Mothers were interviewed about the control strategies they utilize when they need to exert control over their children. Information on child surgency, compliance, and aggression was obtained from mothers and teachers. Chinese mothers reported control strategies that were classified into six categories. It was found that coercive behavioral control was most frequently used. Coercive behavioral control was negatively associated with child compliance and positively associated with child aggression. Other forms of control strategies and their links to child compliance and aggression were also examined. The role of child surgency in moderating the effects of maternal control strategies on child compliance and aggression was discussed. Practice or Policy: The present study highlighted the importance of understanding the cultural meaning of parental control.

We report on the magnetic coupling behavior in all-ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3/SrRuO3 (LSMO/SRO) heterostructures deposited on the SrTiO3 (111) substrate, where the interface leads to an enhanced exchange field as compared to the one deposited on SrTiO3 (001). Importantly, high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy reveals distinct interface structures of the (111) heterostructures depending on the growth sequence. The heterostructure with an SRO bottom layer shows an atomically flat and abrupt interface, while the one with an LSMO bottom layer shows a deformed interface due to the surface roughening of LSMO deposited directly on SrTiO3 (111). As a result, the heterostructure with an abrupt interface exhibits a robust antiferromagnetic coupling between LSMO and SRO, while the one with a rough interface shows negligible magnetic coupling. Our results demonstrate the key role of an abrupt interface in determining the magnetic properties of oxide heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a reliable control of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) is challenging but essential for the full utilization of rare‐earth iron garnets in spintronic devices. In this study, a feasible approach to enhance the PMA of ferrimagnetic thulium iron garnet (TmIG) films is presented. This approach involves precise adjustments in cation stoichiometry and epitaxial strain state. By fine‐tuning the pre‐ablation process and oxygen partial pressure during pulsed laser deposition, a series of high‐quality TmIG films can grow with variable cation stoichiometry, i.e., the Tm/Fe molar ratio. The finding reveals that cation stoichiometry plays a crucial role in determining the magnetic properties of the TmIG films. Particularly, the stoichiometric TmIG film has the strongest PMA due to the maximized magnetostriction coefficient. Combining this stoichiometry optimization and strain engineering, an unprecedented PMA strength of ≈30 kJ m−3 for TmIG is achieved. This achievement demonstrates a simple and effective method for harnessing the magnetic properties of rare‐earth iron garnet films, paving the way for their advanced applications in next‐generation spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tao Xingzhi was the initiator of science education in China. He initiated the 'marrying science with the public' movement in 1931, which formed the starting point of modern science education in China. The two cores of the movement are science popularization and saving the nation through science education. Looking back at the history of nearly ninety years, China has been exploring and developing both of these cores. Today, the thought of Tao's science education is still alive.

2D magnets have recently drawn enormous interest. As an air‐stable A‐type van der Waals antiferromagnet (AFM), CrSBr has attracted great attention but has also led to controversies about its large‐span ordering temperatures. Herein, a systematic study of the magnetic phase transition in single‐crystalline CrSBr with ultrahigh‐quality through surface‐sensitive X‐ray magnetic linear dichroism and X‐ray magnetic circular dichroism measurements combined with vibrating sample magnetometry for characterization of bulk magnetization is reported. The interlayer AFM order of both surface and bulk CrSBr is revealed to maintain a similar Néel temperature within the range of 132–142 K. However, the intralayer ferromagnetic (FM) order of surface CrSBr is found to sustain up to ≈238 K, 70 K higher than the value obtained from the bulk CrSBr, demonstrating a dramatically different surface and bulk Curie temperature in CrSBr. Moreover, a half‐filled t2g electronic state for Cr3+ ions with magnetic moment of ≈3 µB/Cr in CrSBr is clearly identified. These results enrich the understanding of the electronic structure and magnetism in CrSBr, providing this material as a promising building block for future spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractObjective: To evaluate the efficacy of graded nutrition intervention strategy in improving patients with different degrees of impaired swallowing function after stroke.Methods: According to the way of nursing, the patients were divided into two group. The main outcome measure was Kota swallowing index (WSI) score, and the secondary outcome was complications during the intervention. SF-36 scale was used to evaluate the improvement of quality of life before and intervention.Results: The WSI score in the control group was 62.34 ± 10.23 at 1 week after treatment, 70.52 ± 13.45 at 6 weeks after treatment, and 80.48 ± 9.87 at 12 weeks after treatment, while that in the intervention group was 71.45 ± 9.68 at 1 week after treatment, 75.81 ± 11.78 at 6 weeks after treatment, and 84.12 ± 14.32 at 12 weeks after treatment. The WSI scores of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t = 5.634, P < 0.001), suggesting better swallowing function of the patients The incidence of pulmonary infection, malnutrition and gastroesophageal reflux in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in throat inflammation and dehydration between the two groups (P > 0.05). In addition, graded nutrition interventions significantly improved patients' quality of life, including dimensions of physical functioning, role physics, physical pain, and social functioning.Conclusion: Compared with conventional treatment, personalized graded nutrition intervention can significantly improve the swallowing function and reduce the pulmonary infection rate in patients with swallowing disorders after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained increasing prominence not only in fundamental research but also in daily applications. However, to fully harness their potential, it is crucial to optimize their properties with an external parameter and track the electronic structure simultaneously. Magnetotransport over a wide magnetic field range is a powerful method to probe the electronic structure and, for metallic 2D materials, quantum oscillations superimposed on the transport signals encode Fermi surface parameters. In this manuscript, we utilize biaxial strain as an external tuning parameter and investigate the effects of strain on the electronic properties of two quasi-2D superconductors, MoTe2 and RbV3Sb5, by measuring their magnetoresistance in pulsed magnetic fields up to 60 T. With a careful selection of insulating substrates, we demonstrate the possibility of both the compressive and tensile biaxial strains imposed on MoTe2 and RbV3Sb5, respectively. For both systems, the applied strain has led to superconducting critical temperature enhancement compared to their free-standing counterparts, proving the effectiveness of this biaxial strain method at cryogenic temperatures. Clear quantum oscillations in the magnetoresistance—the Shubnikov–de Haas (SdH) effect—are obtained in both samples. In strained MoTe2, the magnetoresistance exhibits a nearly quadratic dependence on the magnetic field and remains non-saturating even at the highest field, whereas in strained RbV3Sb5, two SdH frequencies showed a substantial enhancement in effective mass values, hinting at a possible enhancement of charge fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that combining biaxial strain and pulsed magnetic field paves the way for studying 2D materials under unprecedented conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time-delayed reservoir computing (RC) equipped with prominent superiorities such as easy training and friendly hardware implementation is identified as a high-efficient answer to complex temporal tasks, and thereby draws increasing attention. Oxygen ion-based oxide electrolyte-gated transistor (Ox-EGT) with rich ion dynamic characteristics is deemed as a promising candidate for RC. However, it is still a challenge to produce the required dynamic characteristics for RC implementation. Herein, we develop an Ox-EGT with an oxygen vacancy-electron-coupled electric-double-layer at the electrolyte/channel interface to implement time-delayed RC. Effects of oxygen vacancy concentration on the short-term plasticity are investigated, revealing the optimal concentration range of oxygen vacancies for the dynamic characteristics improvement. The underlying physical mechanism is demonstrated by TCAD simulations. Simulations using the waveform classification and handwritten-digit recognition tasks validate the good information processing ability of the Ox-EGT RC system. These results provide a promising approach to exploit Ox-EGT dynamics for large-scale and energy-efficient neuromorphic computing hardware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatially explicit prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) serves as a crucial foundation for effective land management strategies aimed at mitigating soil degradation and assessing carbon sequestration potential. Here, using more than 1000 in-situ observations, we trained two machine learning models (random forest, and K-means coupled with multiple linear regression), and one process-based model (the vertically resolved MIcrobial-MIneral Carbon Stabilization (MIMICS)) to predict SOC content of the top 30 cm of soil in Australia. Parameters of MIMICS were optimized for different site groupings, using two distinct approaches, plant functional types (MIMICS-PFT), and the most influential environmental factors (MIMICS-ENV). We found that at the continental scale, soil bulk density and mean annual temperature are the dominant controls of SOC variation, and that dominant controls vary for different vegetation types. All models showed good performance in SOC predictions with R2 greater than 0.8 during out-of-sample validation with random forest being the most accurate, and SOC in forests is more predictable than that in non-forest soils. Parameter optimization approaches made a notable difference in the performance of MIMICS SOC prediction with MIMICS-ENV performing better than MIMICS-PFT especially in non-forest soils. Digital maps of terrestrial SOC stocks generated using all the models showed similar spatial distribution with higher values in southeast and southwest Australia, but the magnitude of estimated SOC stocks varied. The mean ensemble estimate of SOC stocks was 30.08 t/ha with K-means coupled with multiple linear regression generating the highest estimate (mean SOC stocks at 38.15 t/ha) and MIMICS-PFT generating the lowest estimate (mean SOC stocks at 24.29 t/ha). We suggest that enhancing process-based models to incorporate newly identified drivers that significantly influence SOC variations in different environments could be key to reducing the discrepancies in these estimates. Our findings underscore the considerable uncertainty in SOC estimates derived from different modelling approaches and emphasize the importance of rigorous out-of-sample validation before applying any one approach in Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AFM) materials offers unprecedented opportunities for spintronics and magneto‐optic devices. Combining magnetic Kerr microscopy and density functional theory calculations, the AFM‐FM transition is investigated and a surprising abnormal magneto‐optic anisotropy in vdW CrSBr associated with different magnetic phases (FM, AFM, or paramagnetic state) is discovered. This unique magneto‐optic property leads to different anisotropic optical reflectivity from different magnetic states, permitting direct imaging of the AFM Néel vector orientation and the dynamic process of the AFM‐FM transition within a magnetic field. Using Kerr microscopy, not only the domain nucleation and propagation process is imaged but also the intermediate spin‐flop state in the AFM‐FM transition is identified. The unique magneto‐optic property and clear identification of the dynamics process of the AFM‐FM phase transition in CrSBr demonstrate the promise of vdW magnetic materials for future spintronic technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coevolution of bullying and friendship networks and the moderating effects of classroom bullying popularity norms were examined in a sample of 965 students (52.1% boys) in 22 fourth‐ and fifth‐grade classes. Longitudinal social network analysis showed that children were more likely to bully their friends' victims (bully influence effect) and to be bullied by their friends' bullies (victim influence effect); two children bullying the same child were likely to be friends (bully selection effect), and two victims bullied by the same child were likely to be friends (victim selection effect). Bullying popularity norms served as moderators, and the bully selection effect was significant weaker in the context of low bullying popularity norms. This study adds understanding of bullying as a group process and provides implications for preventing school bullying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure of constituent layers and the spin channel of propagating electrons are critical factors that affect the magnitude and sign of magnetoresistance (MR) in synthetic antiferromagnets (SAFMs), which are important for spintronic applications. However, for all‐oxide‐based SAFMs, where there is strong coupling between multiple degrees of freedom, spin transport becomes more complex and remains elusive. Here, using ultrathin half‐metallic manganite/doped ruthenate SAFMs as a model system, three sign reversals of MR are demonstrated accompanied by the crossover between underlying spin‐dependent transport mechanisms. Electron tunneling produces normal MR in the current‐perpendicular‐to‐plane (CPP) geometry at low temperatures, whereas carrier confinement causes inverse MR in the current‐in‐plane (CIP) geometry. Strikingly, CPP MR can undergo a temperature‐driven sign reversal due to resonant tunneling via localized states in the spacer. Moreover, hydrostatic pressure can modulate the interlayer exchange coupling and induce an asymmetric interfacial response to dramatically facilitate electron tunneling, driving a controllable sign reversal of CIP MR. These results provide new insights into understanding and optimization of MR in all‐oxide‐based SAFMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate organ segmentation is a fundamental step in disease-assisting diagnostic systems, and the precise segmentation of lung is crucial for subsequent lesion detection. Prior to this, lung segmentation algorithms had typically segmented the entire lung tissue. However, the trachea is also essential for diagnosing lung diseases. Challenges in lung parenchyma segmentation include the limited robustness of U-Net in acquiring contextual information and the small size of the trachea being mixed up with lung, making it difficult to identify and reconstruct the lungs. To overcome these difficulties, this paper proposes three improvements to U-Net: multiple concatenation modules to enhance the network's ability to capture context, multi-scale residual learning modules to improve the model's multi-scale learning capabilities, and an enhanced gated attention mechanism to enhance the fusion of various hierarchical features. The experimental results demonstrate that our model has achieved a significant improvement in trachea segmentation compared to existing models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research Findings: Parental control is considered to be an important aspect of parenting. However, the meaning and the function of parental control are still controversial, especially when the cultural context is considered. The purpose of the present research was to explore the meaning and the function of parental control in Chinese culture. The participants were 189 preschoolers at age 4 to 5 and their mothers and teachers from Shanghai, China. Mothers were interviewed about the control strategies they utilize when they need to exert control over their children. Information on child surgency, compliance, and aggression was obtained from mothers and teachers. Chinese mothers reported control strategies that were classified into six categories. It was found that coercive behavioral control was most frequently used. Coercive behavioral control was negatively associated with child compliance and positively associated with child aggression. Other forms of control strategies and their links to child compliance and aggression were also examined. The role of child surgency in moderating the effects of maternal control strategies on child compliance and aggression was discussed. Practice or Policy: The present study highlighted the importance of understanding the cultural meaning of parental control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the popularity of mobile terminals and social media increasing, misinformation about science has increased in China. To understand the nature of the popularity of scientific rumors, we analyzed 206 typical cases released by four authoritative platforms in China from 2010 to 2020. Content analysis revealed that the majority of scientific rumors are related to health and safety (76.8%), use a visual format (61.2%), are published on social media (62.2%), and provide more than three narrative elements (78.2%). In addition, rumors from unidentified netizens' claims or homemade experiments are the most common (35.9%), followed by highly credible sources, such as expert assertions (20.9%) or scientific research results (19.4%). A further qualitative comparative analysis indicated that a combination of details and fear-mongering are significant conditions that make rumors receive significant attention. Visual presentation also plays an important role, while state media and the presence of scientific terminology have a weak effect. Plain Language Summary: With the popularity of mobile terminals and social media increasing, misinformation about science has increased in China. To understand the nature of the popularity of scientific rumors, we analyzed 206 typical cases released by four authoritative platforms in China from 2010 to 2020. Content analysis revealed that the majority of scientific rumors are related to health and safety (76.8%), use a visual format (61.2%), are published on social media (62.2%), and provide more than three narrative elements (78.2%). In addition, rumors from unidentified netizens' claims or homemade experiments are the most common (35.9%), followed by highly credible sources, such as expert assertions (20.9%) or scientific research results (19.4%). A further qualitative comparative analysis indicated that a combination of details and fear-mongering are significant conditions that make rumors receive significant attention. Visual presentation also plays an important role, while state media and the presence of scientific terminology have a weak effect. Limitations include lack of direct surveys of people's perceptions, the possibility of incomplete influencing factors, and the fact that the outcome variable is influenced by other factors over a long time span. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth and characterization of metal‐oxide thin films foster successful development of oxide‐material‐integrated thin‐film devices represented by metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field‐effect transistors (MOSFET), drawing enormous technological and scientific interest for several decades. In recent years, functional oxide heterostructures have demonstrated remarkable achievements in modern technologies and provided deeper insights into condensed‐matter physics and materials science owing to their versatile tunability and selective amplification of the functionalities. One of the most critical aspects of their physical properties is the polar perturbation stemming from the ionic framework of an oxide. By engineering and exploiting the structural, electrical, magnetic, and optical characteristics through various routes, numerous perceptive studies have clearly shown how polar perturbations advance functionalities or drive exotic physical phenomena in complex oxide heterostructures. In this review, both intrinsic (engraved by thin‐film heteroepitaxy) and extrinsic (reversibly controllable defect‐mediated disorder and polar adsorbates) elements of polar perturbations, highlighting their abilities for the development of highly tunable functional properties are summarized. Scientifically, the recent approaches of polar perturbations render one to consolidate a prospect of atomic‐level manipulation of polar order in epitaxial oxide thin films. Technologically, this review also offers useful guidelines for rational design to heterogeneously integrated oxide‐based multi‐functional devices with high performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]