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Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) is rare in the gynecologic tract, which has high invasive and metastatic ability. Due to the aggressive behavior and lack of treatment, patients have an extremely poor prognosis. Here we report a 66-year-old female diagnosed with SCNEC in the gynecologic tract, mixed with endometrioid adenocarcinoma, squamous cell, and adenosquamous carcinoma. A tumor mutational burden of 13.14 Muts/Mb was detected by next-generation sequencing. The patient underwent a palliative operation of total hysterectomy with bilateral adnexectomy but suffered from disease progression in a short time after the operation. Chemotherapy (paclitaxel + carboplatin) combined with immunotherapy (toripalimab) was conducted every 3 weeks, achieving a partial response after 2 cycles of treatment. After 5 cycles of combined treatment, the patient consolidated with monotherapy of toripalimab for about half a year and achieved a complete response. Until December 2021, the patient has achieved 27 months of progression-free survival and maintains a continued complete response. This case is presented due to the rare combination of pathological types and durable response to treatment especially immunotherapy, suggesting the potential value of immunotherapy in SCNEC of the gynecologic tract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High Velocity Compaction (HVC) is a key technology to realize the performance of powder metallurgy parts "three high and one low" (high density, high precision, high performance, and low cost). The main purpose of this paper is to summarize the research results at home and abroad on the forming mechanism, forming influencing factors and theoretical basis of high velocity compaction. This paper analyzes and summarizes the literature and monographs at home and abroad through literature research methods to obtain the research results of high velocity powder metallurgy compaction, so as to fully and correctly understand the research progress, development trends and application prospects of high velocity compaction. This paper expounds the technical characteristics, advantages and limitations of high velocity compaction, and analyzes and looks forward to its development trend, application prospect and expansion field, So as to provide reference and reference for the future research and application direction of high velocity compaction technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Dioszegia changbaiensis we sequenced and assembled by the next-generation sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome of Dioszegia changbaiensis contained 22 protein-coding genes (PCG), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total length of the Dioszegia changbaiensis mitochondrial genome is 34,853 bp, and the GC content of the mitochondrial genome is 41.88%. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that the mitochondrial genome of Dioszegia changbaiensis exhibited a close relationship with that of Hannaella oryzae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the well-known chemical properties which has wide applications in the determination of the amount of flammability and combustibility of various compounds is flash point. Due to difficulty and high cost of experimental determination of flash points, computational and modeling studies of this parameter have been highlighted. In this work, a new model based on Ensemble Boosted Trees (EDT Boosted) is used to anticipate flash point of pure organic compounds as a function of normal boiling point and molecular structure. A comprehensive dataset of 1660 flash points is utilized to assess EDT Boosted model visually and mathematically. The mathematical indexes including R-squared, root mean square error, mean squared error, mean relative error, and standard deviations are forecasted 0.997, 4.5469, 20.6743, 0.85729, and 3.7123 respectively. Additionally, the visual comparison of EDT Boosted outputs and real values of flash point shows our proposed algorithm has great capacity in the calculation of flash point. Finally, the comparison of the suggested algorithm and other approaches is carried out to introduce EDT Boosted algorithm as the best predictor tool for flash point determination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Hygrophorus russula (Schaeff.) Kauffman is an edible ectomycorrhizal fungus that is widely distributed in the world. In this study, the mitogenome of H. russula was sequenced and assembled. The mitogenome of H. russula is composed of circular DNA molecules, with a total size of 55,769 bp. Further analysis indicated that the frequent use of A and T in codons contributes to the high AT content (80.87%) in the H. russula mitogenome. Comparative analysis indicated that the length and base composition of the core protein-encoding genes, and the number of tRNA genes in the H. russula mitogenome varied from that of other Agaricales mitogenomes. Gene arrangement analysis revealed a novel gene order in the H. russula mitogenome. In addition, the expansion of the mitogenome in Agaricales was found to be closely related to the increase in the number of introns. Phylogenetic analysis of the combined mitochondrial gene set showed strong support for tree topologies, and H. russula was determined to be relatively distant from other Agaricales species. This study is the first report on the mitogenome of a member of genus Hygrophorus as well as family Hygrophoraceae , which improves our understanding of mitochondrial differentiation and evolution in the important ectomycorrhizal fungi Hygrophorus species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lyophyllum decastes and Lyophyllum shimeji are the two primary species within the L. decastes complex, and they differ considerably in their nutritional lifestyles and preferred growth environments. However, differences in their mitogenomes have not yet been investigated. In this study, the mitogenomes of the two species were sequenced by next-generation sequencing technology, successfully assembled, and compared. The two mitogenomes of L. decastes and L. shimeji comprised circular DNA molecules of sizes 50,643 bp and 73,678 bp, respectively. The lengths and base compositions of their core protein coding genes (PCGs) and tRNA genes varied considerably between the two mitogenomes. Further, gene collinearity analysis indicated a large-scale gene rearrangement between the two mitogenomes. Of the 15 core PCGs, the genetic distance of the atp9 gene was the smallest between the two species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved in the two Lyophyllum species. Phylogenetic analysis based on a combined mitochondrial gene dataset resulted in a well-supported topology, wherein the two Lyophyllum species were most closely related to Tricholoma matsutake. This study represents the first report of mitogenomes for the Lyophyllum genus. As such, the results will provide a basis for understanding the differentiation and evolution of mitogenomes in the Lyophyllum genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Lactarius is one of the most prominent genera of mushroom-forming fungi in the world. In the present study, complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) from six Lactarius species were sequenced and assembled. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with total lengths ranging from 38,445 bp to 60,843 bp. The GC contents, GC skews, and AT skews of the mitogenomes varied among the six species. Mitogenomic synteny analysis revealed the presence of gene rearrangements among the mitogenomes. Among the 15 core protein coding genes (PCGs) within the mitogenomes, nad4L exhibited the least genetic distance among species, indicating a high degree of conservation. In addition, the Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were subject to purifying selection. Comparative analyses indicated that the increase of intron numbers and sizes contributed to the expansion of mitogenomes in Lactarius. Phylogenetic analyses based on three combined gene datasets yielded identical and well-supported (BPP ≥ 0.83) topologies, dividing the six Lactarius species into two groups. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from Lactarius and promotes further understanding of the genetics, evolution, and phylogenetic relationships of this important ectomycorrhizal fungal genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract In this study, the mitochondrial genomes of six Russula species were sequenced using next generation sequencing. The six mitogenomes were all composed of circular DNA molecules, with lengths ranging from 40,961 bp to 69,423 bp. The length and number of protein coding genes (PCGs), GC content, AT skew, and GC skew varied among the six mitogenomes. The increased number and total size of introns likely contributed to the size expansion of mitogenomes in some Russula species. Gene synteny analysis revealed some gene rearrangements among the six mitochondrial genomes. The nad4L gene had the lowest K2P genetic distance of the 15 core PCGs among the six Russula species, indicating that this gene was highly conserved. The Ka/Ks values for all 15 core PCGs were <1, suggesting that they were all subject to purifying selection. Phylogenetic analyses based on two gene datasets (15 core PCGs, and 15 core PCGs + rnl + rns) recovered identical and well-supported trees. In addition, cox1 was identified as a potential single-gene molecular marker for the phylogenetic analysis of relationships among Agaricomycetes species. This study provides the first report of mitogenomes from the Russulaceae family and facilitates the investigation of population genetics and evolution of other ectomycorrhizal fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ground transportation means and aircrafts with high-speed running are composed of many rod components. Aerodynamic noise generated therefrom is very outstanding. Reduction of the aerodynamic noise of rods becomes a hot topic in recent years. Most reported studies are tentative researches on aerodynamic noise of a pantograph or involve noise reduction of the pantograph with using porous materials or reshaping rod surfaces. Through using porous materials and reshaping rod surface, the aerodynamic noise of pantograph can be reduced to a certain extent, but the aerodynamic resistance will be increased and it is not convenient for practical application in engineering. Regarding this situation, the paper explores noise reduction performance of a feather on the back of a carrier pigeon and conducts the bionic design on rod surface. Through numerical simulation, the paper researches noise reduction performance of the bionic structure on the rod surface, reveals the mechanism of bionic noise reduction, and explores noise reduction effects of bionic structural rods on pantographs of the high-speed trains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of target self-calibrating system for the guidance system of air-to-air missile is researched. The basic ideology of self-calibrating theory is studied in depth and also the advantages and disadvantages of traditional calibration method, which is based on active vision and target self-calibrating method, are listed for comparison. The mathematical model of the perspective camera is established, and on this basis, the camera parameters are figured out combining with LM optimization algorithm. The reconstruction is conducted by the method of stratified calibrating. It is proved that the theory of 3D reconstruction of target self-calibrating system in air to air missile is available according to the experimental results. It puts forward a new research approach for the guidance system of air to air missile to identify the target characteristic information in different azimuths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In recent years, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to play a critical regulatory role in cancer biology. However, the contribution of lncRNAs to papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) remains largely unknown. Methods: RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to detect and verify changes to the transcriptome profile in 12 PTC tissues compared to paired normal adjacent tissues. The statistical correlation between differentially expressed lncRNAs and clinicopathologic characteristics was analyzed, and potential lncRNA functions were predicted by examining annotations for the co-expressed mRNAs. Furthermore, the specific subgroup patterns of the PTC transcriptome remodeled by BRAF mutations were also analyzed. Results: A total of 188 lncRNAs and 505 mRNAs were differentially expressed in 50% or more of the PTC tissues (fold change >2; p < 0.05) as assessed by RNA-sequencing compared with paired normal adjacent tissues. Forty-seven lncRNAs and 39 mRNAs were verified in 31 pairs of PTC specimens using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, and the results were consistent with the RNA sequencing data. The lncRNAs NONHSAT076747 and NONHSAT122730 were associated with lymph node metastasis, and NONHSAG051968 expression was negatively correlated with tumor size. A co-expression network between differentially expressed lncRNAs and protein-coding RNAs was constructed and analyzed, and functional analysis suggested that the differentially expressed genes mainly participate in ECM-receptor interactions and the focal adhesion pathway. Furthermore, a specific PTC transcriptome subtype pattern stratified by BRAF mutation was also uncovered. The p53 signaling pathway was the most highly enriched pathway among the BRAF mutation-related genes. Conclusions: This study reveals specific changes to the lncRNA profile associated with PTC, and provides new insight into its pathogenesis. The PTC-associated lncRNAs NONHSAG051968, NONHSAT076747, and NONHSAT122730 might be potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets for PTC patients, and lncRNAs with subtype-specific expression stratified by BRAF mutation might be significant in individual molecular subtypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Down-regulation of the microRNA let-7c plays an important role in the pathogenesis of human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of the present study was to determine whether the cell cycle regulator CDC25A is involved in the antitumor effect of let-7c in HCC. The expression levels of let-7c in HCC cell lines were examined by quantitative real-time PCR, and a let-7c agomir was transfected into HCC cells to overexpress let-7c. The effects of let-7c on HCC proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed. The in vivo tumor-inhibitory efficacy of let-7c was evaluated in a xenograft mouse model of HCC. Luciferase reporter assays and western blotting were conducted to identify the targets of let-7c and to determine the effects of let-7c on CDC25A, CyclinD1, CDK6, pRb and E2F2 expression. The results showed that the expression levels of let-7c were significantly decreased in HCC cell lines. Overexpression of let-7c repressed cell growth, induced cell apoptosis, led to G1 cell cycle arrest in vitro, and suppressed tumor growth in a HepG2 xenograft model in vivo. The luciferase reporter assay showed that CDC25A was a direct target of let-7c, and that let-7c inhibited the expression of CDC25A protein by directly targeting its 3ʹ UTR. Restoration of CDC25A induced a let-7c-mediated G1-to-S phase transition. Western blot analysis demonstrated that overexpression of let-7c decreased CyclinD1, CDK6, pRb and E2F2 protein levels. In conclusion, this study indicates that let-7c suppresses HCC progression, possibly by directly targeting the cell cycle regulator CDC25A and indirectly affecting its downstream target molecules. Let-7c may therefore be an effective therapeutic target for HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To validate whether the anti-cancer effect of micro RNA-122 ( miR-122) on hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC) is mediated through regulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathways. Methods The expression levels of miR-122 in HCC tissues and varied hepatoma cells were quantified by real-time PCR. MiR-122 agomir was transfected into HepG2, Hep3B cells to over-express miR-122. The effect of over-expression miR-122 on proliferation and apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells was evaluated using CCK-8 kit and flow cytometer respectively. The 3′- UTR segments of Wnt1 containing the miR-122 binding sites were amplified by PCR and the luciferase activity in the transfected cells was assayed. Wnt1 mRNA level was quantified using RT-PCR. Protein levels of Wnt1, β-catenin and TCF-4 were detected using Western blotting. Results In comparison with the expression level of miR-122 in para-cancerous tissues or Chang liver cell, the expression level in HCC tissues or varied hepatoma cells was significantly decreased ( P < 0.05). Over-expression of miR-122 significantly inhibited the proliferation ( P < 0.05), and promoted the apoptosis of HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Over-expressed miR-122 down-regulated the protein levels of Wnt1, β-catenin and TCF-4 ( P < 0.05). MiR-122 suppressed the luciferase activity of the pmiR-Wnt1-wt by approximately 50% compared with the negative control, while mutation or removal of the miR-122 binding site using si RNA or mir-122 inhibitor blocked the suppressive effect ( P < 0.05). Conclusions MiR-122 expression is down-regulated in human HCC. Over-expression of miR-122 inhibits HCC cell growth and promotes the cell apoptosis by affecting Wnt/β-catenin- TCF signalling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is dedicated to explore the transient coupled thermoelasticity solution of the FG-GPLRC multi-curved composite panel subjected to thermal shock for the first time. Time dependent equations of motion within the context of theory of elasticity are formulated and analytically solved by means of Navier approach. The temperature gradient is acquaried by employing the energy balance equation for the composite cylindrical panel subjected to thermal shock at its outer surface and thermally isolated at its inner surface. The time history of deflections, stresses and temperature are acquired by applying modified format of Dubner's and Abate's technique to inverse the Laplace transform. The effective thermoelastic properties of the composite are calculated according to correlations presented by modified form of Halpin-Tsai micromechanics. The numerical results of this study are compared with those recorded in the associated high-quality sources to verify their accuracy. The thorough parametric exploration is executed to analyze the role of various items like mid-radius to thickness ratio, distribution patterns and weight fraction of GPL in the transient coupled thermoelasticity response of FG-GPLRC multi-curved composite panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, we presented the complete mitochondrial genome of a plant pathogen, Plectosphaerella sp. It has a total length of 31,004 bp with the base composition as follows: A (34.66%), T (36.76%), C (13.48%), and G (15.10%). The mitogenome contains 20 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNA), and 28 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The taxonomic status of the Plectosphaerella sp. mitogenome exhibited a close relationship with the Verticillium genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a cadmium-tolerant bacterium, Enterobacter ludwigii LY6, was isolated from cadmium-contaminated soil in Shifang, Sichuan province, China. The cadmium chloride removal rate of the strain LY6 with a treatment of 100 mg/L cadmium chloride reached 56.0%. Scanning electron microscopy showed that exopolysaccharides (EPS) might be the main means of cadmium adsorption by the strain. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analyses indicated that cadmium sulfide nanoparticles formed on the surface of bacteria cultured in a medium containing 100 mg/L cadmium chloride. In addition, the expression of several genes increased with the increase of the cadmium concentration in the medium, including the multiple antibiotic resistance proteins marA and marR, and the cold shock protein CspA. GO functions, such as the redox activity, respiratory chain and transport functions, and KEGG pathways involved in "bacterial chemotaxis" and "terpenoid backbone biosynthesis" were found to be closely related to bacterial cadmium tolerance and biosorption. This is the first report that E. ludwigii can reduce sulfate to form cadmium sulfide nanoparticles under high concentration cadmium exposure. The genes related to cadmium tolerance identified in this study lay a foundation for the genetic breeding of cadmium-tolerant strains. Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles were found to form on the surface of bacteria cultured in a medium containing 100 mg/L cadmium chloride, which contributes to the excellent heavy metal tolerance of E. ludwigii LY6. Image 1 • Cadmium removal rate of the Enterobacter ludwigii LY6 could reach 56.0%. • Exopolysaccharides might be the main means of cadmium adsorption. • Cadmium sulfide nanoparticles formed on the surface of E. ludwigii. • Multiple antibiotic resistance proteins were closely related to cadmium tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the complete mitochondrial genome of Sterigmatomyces hyphaenes was sequenced by the next-generation sequencing. The complete mitochondrial genome of S. hyphaenes contained 17 protein-coding genes (PCG), 2 ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, and 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total size of the S. hyphaenes mitochondrial genome is 26,198 bp, and the GC content of the mitochondrial genome is 42.08%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the combined mitochondrial gene dataset indicated that the mitochondrial genome of S. hyphaenes exhibited a close relationship with that of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ., Competing Interests: No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s)., (© 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.)

Ganoderma is well known for its use in traditional Chinese medicine and is widely cultivated in China, Korea, and Japan. Increased temperatures associated with global warming are negatively influencing the growth and development of Ganoderma. Nitric oxide is reported to play an important role in alleviating fungal heat stress (HS). However, the transcriptional profiling of Ganoderma oregonense in response to HS, as well as the transcriptional response regulated by NO to cope with HS has not been reported. We used RNA-Seq technology to generate large-scale transcriptome data from G. oregonense mycelia subjected to HS (32 °C) and exposed to concentrations of exogenous NO. The results showed that heat shock proteins (HSPs), "probable stress-induced proteins", and unigenes involved in "D-amino-acid oxidase activity" and "oxidoreductase activity" were significantly up-regulated in G. oregonense subjected to HS (P < 0.05). The significantly up-regulated HSPs, "monooxygenases", "alcohol dehydrogenase", and "FAD/NAD(P)-binding domain-containing proteins" (P < 0.05) regulated by exogenous NO may play important roles in the enhanced HS tolerance of G. oregonense. These results provide insights into the transcriptional response of G. oregonense to HS and the mechanism by which NO enhances the HS tolerance of fungi at the gene expression level.

Hepatoid adenocarcinoma (HAC), an extrahepatic tumor, has notable morphological similarities to hepatocellular carcinoma, which has been reported in gastrointestinal tract organs, including the rectum, gallbladder, lung, ovary and urinary bladder. HAC of the stomach (GHAC) is a rare variant of gastric cancer, characterized by aggressive behavior and extremely poor prognosis. Correct diagnosis depends on clinicopathological and immunohistochemical studies. In the present study, we reported nine cases of GHAC who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, China, from January 2009 to December 2013. All patients underwent radical gastrectomy; among them, one patient had stage I, one had stage II and seven had stage III. Elevated serum α-fetoprotein was observed in eight cases. Until now, only one patient has succumbed, four patients have liver metastases, one has lung metastasis and four remain disease-free. Relatively longer survival requires accurate diagnosis at an earlier stage and active multimodality treatment, including radical gastrectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy.

Let-7 family members have been identified as tumor-suppressing microRNAs, which are important in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). These family members may function differently as a result of different base sequences at the 3'end. The aim of this study was to determine the antitumor effects of miR-let-7g/i (let-7g/i) on HCC cells and to investigate whether let-7g and let-7i have a combinatorial effect on HCC. The expression levels of let-7g/i in hepatoma cells were determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. In addition, a 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine retention assay and flow cytometry analysis were used to detect the effect of let-7g/i on the proliferation and apoptosis of BEL-7402 cells, respectively. The expression of anti-apoptotic protein B-cell lymphoma-extra large (Bcl-xL) was analyzed using western blot analysis. The results revealed that the expression levels of let-7g/i were significantly decreased in HCC cell lines when compared with L-02 cells. Furthermore, the overexpression of let-7g/i significantly suppressed DNA replication, inhibited cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis of BEL-7402 hepatoma cells. The expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, Bcl-xL, was inhibited by the combined role of let-7g and let-7i. We hypothesize that let-7g and let-7i exhibit a concurrent effect to regulate cell proliferation and the apoptosis of hepatoma cells, and this function is mediated by the Bcl-xL protein.