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Purpose: Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is a promising target for diagnosis and radioligand therapy (RLT) of prostate cancer. Two novel PSMA-targeting radionuclide therapy agents, [177Lu]Lu-P17-087, and its albumin binder modified derivative, [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, were evaluated in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients. The primary endpoint was dosimetry evaluation, the second endpoint was radiation toxicity assessment (CTCAE 5.0) and PSA response (PCWG3). Methods: Patients with PSMA-positive tumors were enrolled after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT scan. Five mCRPC patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and four other patients received [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 (1.2 GBq/patient). Multiple whole body planar scintigraphy was performed at 1.5, 4, 24, 48, 72, 120 and 168 h after injection and one SPECT/CT imaging was performed at 24 h post-injection for each patient. Dosimetry evaluation was compared in both patient groups. Results: Patients showed no major clinical side-effects under this low dose treatment. As expected [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 with longer blood circulation (due to its albumin binding) exhibited higher effective doses than [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 (0.151 ± 0.036 vs. 0.056 ± 0.019 mGy/MBq, P = 0.001). Similarly, red marrow received 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.048 ± 0.020 mGy/MBq, while kidney doses were 0.119 ± 0.068 and 0.046 ± 0.022 mGy/MBq, respectively. [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 demonstrated excellent tumor uptake and faster kinetics; while [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 displayed a slower washout and higher average dose (7.75 ± 4.18 vs. 4.72 ± 2.29 mGy/MBq, P = 0.018). After administration of [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-088, 3/5 and 3/4 patients showed reducing PSA values, respectively. Conclusion: [177Lu]Lu-P17-088 and [177Lu]Lu-P17-087 displayed different pharmacokinetics but excellent PSMA-targeting dose delivery in mCRPC patients. These two agents are promising RLT agents for personalized treatment of mCRPC. Further studies with increased dose and frequency of RLT are warranted to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy. Trial registration: 177Lu-P17-087/177Lu-P17-088 in Patients with Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (NCT05603559, Registered at 25 October, 2022). URL of registry: https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05603559. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrin receptor αvβ3 and gastrin-releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) expression of tumors could be detected using PET imaging with radiolabeled Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) and the antagonistic bombesin analog RM26, respectively. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dual receptor-targeting property of the heterodimer RGD-RM26-03 (denoted as LNC1015), demonstrate the tumor diagnostic value of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 in preclinical experiments, and evaluate its preliminary clinical feasibility. Methods: LNC1015 was designed and synthesized by linking cyclic RGD and the RM26 peptide. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were detected in a PC3 xenograft model using microPET and biodistribution studies. The clinical feasibility of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 PET/CT was performed in patients with breast cancer, and the results were compared with those of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). Results: [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 had good stability in saline for at least 2 h, and favorable binding affinity and specificity were demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. The tumor uptake and retention of [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 during PET imaging were improved compared with its monomeric counterparts [68Ga]Ga-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-RM26 at all the time points examined. In our initial clinical studies, the tumor uptake and tumor-to-background ratio (TBR) of primary and metastatic lesions in [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 PET/CT were significantly higher than those in [18F]FDG PET/CT, resulting in high lesion detection rate and tumor delineation. Conclusion: The dual targeting radiotracer [68Ga]Ga-LNC1015 showed significantly improved tumor uptake and retention, as well as lower liver uptake than [68Ga]Ga-RGD and [68Ga]Ga-RM26 monomer. The first-in-human study showed high TBRs in patients, suggesting favorable pharmacokinetics and high clinical feasibility for PET/CT imaging of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Although transgender women (TGW) bear the highest HIV burden worldwide, routine surveillance of this group is rare. We aimed to evaluate the trends in health characteristics of Chinese TGW. Methods: Three cross-sectional studies using snowball sampling were conducted in 2014, 2017, and 2019, primarily in Shenyang, China. A questionnaire and voluntary HIV testing were used to obtain information on background characteristics, sexual behaviors, pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) willingness, and HIV status. Results: There were 220 respondents in 2014, 198 in 2017, and 247 in 2019 (average age 31.1±7.6 to 33.5±9.6 years). HIV prevalence significantly decreased from 29.5% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.3–38.4%) in 2014 to 19.4% (95% CI: 14.7–24.9%) in 2019 (p<0.05). The proportion of participants reporting condomless anal intercourse (CAI) with any partner fluctuated from 30.8% (95% CI: 25.1–36.1%) to 53.0% (95% CI: 45.8–60.1%). The proportion of participants willing to use PrEP decreased from 86.4% (95% CI: 81.1–90.6%) in 2014 to 62.8% (95% CI: 56.4–68.8%) in 2019. Factors significantly associated with HIV infection were CAI with any partner (multivariate odds ratio [ORm]: 3.58, 95% CI: 1.55–8.29 in 2017; ORm: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.56–6.46 in 2019) and PrEP willingness (ORm: 0.26, 95% CI: 0.12–0.58 in 2017). Conclusion: HIV prevalence and associated risk factors remain substantial among Chinese TGW. There is an urgent need to strengthen HIV surveillance in this population, and develop trans-friendly and effective interventions to minimize HIV prevalence and transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: High prevalence of depression in transgender women highlights the importance of validating the measure to assess depression. Moreover, depression is significantly associated with suicide across research studies. The aims of the current study were to validate a Chinese-language version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and to assess operating characteristics of the PHQ-9 for suicide screening in transgender women. Methods: With the approval of an Institutional Review Board (IRB), a total of 198 transgender women living in Shenyang, China, were recruited, and asked to complete the PHQ-9, including measures of their suicidal ideation, planning and attempt. Results: A one-factor model of the PHQ-9 was supported in the current sample, showing good reliability and validity. The best cutoff point for the PHQ-9 in suicidal ideation was 17, with a sensitivity/specificity of 77.78%; the best cutoff point for PHQ-9 in suicidal planning was 17, with a sensitivity of 81.82% and a specificity of 73.26%; and the best cutoff point for PHQ-9 in suicidal attempt was 20, with a sensitivity of 75% and a specificity of 90.21%. Conclusion: Findings supported the validity of the PHQ-9. With potential clinical or research application, the PHQ-9 can be an efficient instrument for suicide screening in transgender women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Insomnia displays heterogeneous trajectories across adolescence, which may induce addictive behaviours, including internet gaming disorder and substance use. This study aimed to investigate the latent trajectory classes of insomnia symptoms over 2 years and to examine the associations between insomnia trajectories and these addictive behaviours. Participants were 910 adolescents from six middle schools in Shanghai, China (52.7% males; mean age = 13.17 years). The three‐wave survey measured insomnia symptoms, internet gaming disorder, substance use, depressive symptoms, and sociodemographic characteristics from 7th to 9th grade. Latent class growth modelling was performed to identify the latent trajectory classes of insomnia symptoms. Then multivariable logistic regressions were conducted within the best‐fitting latent class growth model to examine the associations of insomnia trajectories with internet gaming disorder and substance use. Two latent trajectory classes of insomnia symptoms were recognised: the non‐insomnia group (71.8%) and the insomnia group (28.2%). In the multivariable analysis controlling for baseline demographic variables and depressive symptoms, the insomnia group had a higher risk of developing internet gaming disorder (OR = 2.203 [95% CI: 1.258–3.858]) and substance use (OR = 2.215 [95% CI: 1.324–3.705]) compared with the non‐insomnia group. These findings add to a growing body of research on heterogeneous trajectories of insomnia symptoms during adolescence, suggesting that intervention strategies are needed to target the characteristics or developmental patterns of different insomnia subgroups. The ultimate goal is to mitigate the impact of insomnia symptoms on adolescent addictive behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: We aimed to compare the diagnostic performance and biodistribution of two similar PET agents, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11, in the same group of primary prostate cancer (PCa) patients. Methods: Fifty patients with untreated, histologically confirmed PCa by needle biopsy were enrolled. Each patient underwent [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 and [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT within a week. In addition to visual analysis, the standardized uptake value (SUV) was measured for semiquantitative comparison and correlation analysis. Results: [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT detected more positive tumors than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT (202 vs. 190, P = 0.002), both for intraprostatic lesions (48 vs. 41, P = 0.016) and metastatic lesions (154 vs. 149, P = 0.125), especially for intraprostatic lesions in low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients (21/23 vs. 15/23, P = 0.031). Furthermore, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT exhibited a significantly higher SUVmax for most matched tumors (13.7 ± 10.2 vs. 11.4 ± 8.3, P < 0.001). For normal organs, [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT showed significantly lower activity in the kidney (SUVmean: 20.1 ± 6.1 vs. 29.3 ± 9.1, P < 0.001) and urinary bladder (SUVmean: 6.5 ± 7.1 vs. 20.9 ± 17.4, P < 0.001), but displayed a higher uptake in the parotid gland (SUVmean: 8.7 ± 2.6 vs. 7.6 ± 2.1, P < 0.001), liver (SUVmean: 7.0 ± 1.9 vs. 3.7 ± 1.3, P < 0.001), and spleen (SUVmean: 8.2 ± 3.0 vs. 5.2 ± 2.2, P < 0.001) than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. Conclusion: [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 PET/CT demonstrated higher tumor uptake and better tumor detectability than [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT, especially in low- and intermediate-risk PCa patients, which indicated that [68Ga]Ga-P16-093 may serve as an alternative agent for detection of PCa. Trial registration: 68Ga-P16-093 and 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT Imaging in the Same Group of Primary Prostate Cancer Patients (NCT05324332, Registered 12 April 2022, retrospectively registered). URL of registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05324332. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drive train is one of the core structures of a wind turbine, and its working condition seriously affects the performance quality. It is important to identify the fault pattern of the drive bearings in time to ensure the safety and reliability of the wind turbine. However, in traditional methods, offline modeling and online identification are often fragmented, and such a mechanism limits the adaptive updating of the model. To realize real-time updating and self-learning of the identification model, we proposed a novel self-learning framework for the intelligent fault identification of wind turbine drive bearings. First, a complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise analysis–based quantification scheme for intrinsic mode function values is proposed. Then, based on the intrinsic mode function values, we offer an attention mechanism for fault feature identification and construct an initial fault pattern database using unsupervised clustering techniques. Second, abnormal data are identified by the proposed artificial immunity–based outlier detection algorithm to determine the type of immune response. Third, we design an automatic update strategy based on incremental learning to realize adaptive creation, deletion, and modification of fault patterns. The proposed intelligent framework is applied to the fault diagnosis of a real offshore wind turbine drive train, showing its advantages in intelligent fault identification and model updating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Information-Motivation-Behavioral skills (IMB) model of antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence was applied in people living with HIV/AIDS in Shanghai, China to understand how adherence-related information, motivation and behavioral skills would affect ART adherence. The LifeWindows Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills ART Adherence Questionnaire (LW-IMB-AAQ) was translated into Chinese and used. The IMB model was then implemented by testing standardized path estimates with standard model fitness indices in the participants. 426 participants from 11 community centres in Putuo district of Shanghai were recruited, of which 95.3% reported a high level of adherence (>95% adherence). The fitness indices of the final adjusted model were χ2 = 6.110, df = 7, p = 0.527(>0.05), CFI = 1.000(>0.9) and RMSEA = 0.000 (<0.08). In the model, information, which was separated into two sections (the perceived effect of ART on health and knowledge about ART medication), had an indirect effect on the ART adherence through behavioral skills, while motivation did not have such an effect. Neither information nor motivation had a direct effect on ART adherence. In addition, motivation was related to the two sections of information. The feasibility of the IMB model of ART adherence is verified by its application to predictive of adherence-related behaviors among HIV+ patients in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD) is a rare form of non-Langerhans cell histiocytic disease. The aim of this study was to review the characteristics of RDD using 18F-FDG PET/CT and determine its efficacy in the disease management. Results: A total of 28 RDD patients underwent 33 18F-FDG PET/CT scans for systematic assessment and follow-up. The common involved sites included the lymph nodes (17, 60.7%), upper respiratory tract (11, 39.3%), and skin (9, 32.1%). Five patients had more lesions detected in PET/CT images than in CT and/or MRI, including inapparent nodules (n = 5) and bone destruction (n = 3). After thorough treatment evaluation using PET/CT, the treatment strategies of 14 patients (14/16, 87.5%) were changed. Five patients underwent PET/CT twice during follow-up and the SUVs were significantly decreased (15.3 ± 3.4 vs. 4.4 ± 1.0, p = 0.02), which demonstrated disease improvement. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET/CT contributed to displaying the holistic characteristics of RDD, in particular during initial assessment, treatment strategy adjustment, or efficacy evaluation, and could compensate for some disadvantages of CT and MRI images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Internal migrant workers have a great chance to experience defeat due to their low social status and economic situation. It has been reported that defeat might play a prospective role in predicting depression and anxiety; however, defeat is rarely explored among internal migrant workers due to the lack of appropriate measurement scales. The defeat scale (DS) can measure the feeling of defeat, social hierarchy reduction, and loss in social struggle. But its reliability and validity among internal migrant workers have not been reported. This study aimed to verify the content validity and structural validity of the DS among internal migrant workers in China and to explore its correlations with anxiety and depression. Methods: 1805 internal migrant workers (IMWs) were recruited by stratified multistage sampling from 16 factories in Shenzhen, China. The content validity index (CVI) was used to assess content validity. Cronbach's coefficient alpha of each factor and the total scale were calculated to assess the reliability of DS. The scree test was used to determine the number of factors. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were estimated by calculating the average variance extracted and composite reliability. Logistic regression was performed to explore the effects of DS scores on anxiety and depression. Results: Mean score of DS among IMWs was 18.42 ± 9.40. There were 606 (33.6%) IMWs who were considered to have depression symptoms, and 524 (29.0%) IMWs were considered to have anxiety symptoms. A two-factor model was obtained and fitted well (CFI = 0.956, GFI = 0.932, IFI = 0.956, RMSEA = 0.068, SRMR = 0.052). Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient for the DS was 0.92. Logistic regression showed that DS scores were positively associated with anxiety and depression among IMWs. Conclusions: DS performed well among IMWs on content validity and structural validity, and it was suitable as a measurement instrument to assess defeat among this population. Defeat was positively associated with anxiety and depression and might play an important role in the mental health of IMWs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coupled faults are formed by the nonlinear coupling of multiple lower‐level faults in complex electromechanical systems (CES). Although fault decoupling plays a crucial role in locating fault cause and isolating fault components, it still faces challenges due to the harsh reality of common mode failure, networked propagation, and a lack of accurate fault mechanism knowledge in the fault coupling process. A novel physics‐data‐fusion‐based decoupling model for coupled faults of CES was proposed using standard meta components, rigorous formulation, and intuitive representation. First, a hierarchical graph representing the static complex decoupling model was defined by composing proposed meta models. Second, the dynamic model parameters inspired by the time‐varying fault characteristics were determined using real‐time operation data analysis. Then, based on a proposed numerical reasoning formula, the most likely fault cause was determined, which can also identify fault level by level. Finally, the decoupling model was proved to be reasonable and effective with an offshore wind turbine case. As a graphical modelling method, it handles the decoupling process by fusing static physics and dynamic data of coupled faults. While inheriting the benefits of conventional models, it overcomes the limitations of these existing methods for real‐time results. Moreover, the proposed method provided a foundation for tracing the root cause of performance fluctuations, fault detection, and isolation of CES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Due to the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression in breast tumors, immunohistochemistry (IHC) cannot accurately reflect the HER2 status in real time, which may cause misguided treatment decisions. HER2-specific imaging can noninvasively determine HER2 status in primary and metastatic tumors. In this study, HER2 expression in breast cancer patients was determined in vivo by SPECT/CT of 99mTc-HP-Ark2, comparing with PET/CT of 18F-FDG lesion by lesion. Methods: A novel HER2-targeted peptide probe 99mTc-HP-Ark2 was constructed. Biodistribution and nanoScan SPECT/CT imaging were performed in mice models. The correlation between the quantified tumor uptake and HER2 expression in tumor cells was analyzed. In the pilot clinical study, a total of 34 breast cancer patients (mean age ± SD: 49 ± 10 y) suspected of having breast cancer according to mammography or ultrasonography were recruited at Peking Union Medical College Hospital, and 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT and 18F-FDG PET/CT were carried out with IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization as validation. Results: Small animal SPECT/CT of 99mTc-HP-Ark2 clearly identified tumors with different HER2 expression. The quantified tumor uptake and tumor HER2 expression showed a significant linear correlation (r = 0.932, P < 0.01). Among the 36 primary lesions in the 34 patients, when IHC (2 +) or IHC (3 +) was used as the positive evaluation criterion, 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT imaging with a tumor-to-background ratio of 1.44 as the cutoff value reflected the HER2 status with sensitivity of 89.5% (17/19), specificity of 88.2% (15/17) and accuracy of 88.9% (32/36), while the 18F-FDG PET/CT showed sensitivity of 78.9% (15/19), specificity of 70.6% (12/17) and accuracy of 75.0% (27/36). In particular, 100% of IHC (3 +) tumors were all identified by 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT imaging. Conclusion: 99mTc-HP-Ark2 SPECT/CT can provide a specific, noninvasive evaluation of HER2 expression in breast cancer, showing great potential to guide HER2-targeted therapies in clinical practice. ClinicalTrials.gov Trial registration: NCT04267900. Registered 11th February 2020. Retrospectively registered, https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?pg=1&load=cart&id=NCT04267900. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the most common subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of our study was to determine prognostic risk factors and establish a novel nomogram for lung adenocarcinoma patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort study is based on the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and the Chinese multicenter lung cancer database. We selected 22,368 eligible LUAD patients diagnosed between 2010 and 2015 from the SEER database and screened them based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Subsequently, the patients were randomly divided into the training cohort (n = 15,657) and the testing cohort (n = 6711), with a ratio of 7:3. Meanwhile, 736 eligible LUAD patients from the Chinese multicenter lung cancer database diagnosed between 2011 and 2021 were considered as the validation cohort. Results: We established a nomogram based on each independent prognostic factor analysis for 1-, 3-, and 5-year overall survival (OS). For the training cohort, the area under the curves (AUCs) for predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.806, 0.856, and 0.886. For the testing cohort, AUCs for predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.804, 0.849, and 0.873. For the validation cohort, AUCs for predicting the 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS were 0.86, 0.874, and 0.861. The calibration curves were observed to be closer to the ideal 45° dotted line with regard to 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS in the training cohort, the testing cohort, and the validation cohort. The decision curve analysis (DCA) plots indicated that the established nomogram had greater net benefits in comparison with the Tumor-Node-Metastasis (TNM) staging system for predicting 1-, 3-, and 5-year OS of lung adenocarcinoma patients. The Kaplan–Meier curves indicated that patients' survival in the low-risk group was better than that in the high-risk group (P <.001). Conclusion: The nomogram performed very well with excellent predictive ability in both the US population and the Chinese population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the core foundation of reliability engineering and one of the most crucial aspects of general quality, reliability has been attracting increasing attention from industry and academia. Numerous publications on reliability analysis (RA) have appeared in academic journals, conference proceedings, and technical reports. However, there has not been a systematic summary that covers RA data, models, methods, indicators, and software comprehensively. To fill this gap, this paper analyzed the challenges and the state of the art, as well as determined the future prospects for research on RA. This paper introduces the features of modern complex electromechanical systems (CES), then summarizes the current challenges to the RA of CES. Next, it reviews the latest developments, such as reliability theories, models, methods, and software, then summarizes and compares their advantages and limitations. Finally, it discusses future prospects from the perspectives of reliability data, modeling, decoupling, evaluation indicators, and timely prediction. It is expected that this paper would serve as an introduction to RA for researchers new to this field and as a summary of the current frontiers of RA for experienced researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD, a dual somatostatin receptor 2– and integrin αVβ3–targeting tracer, to 68 Ga-DOTATATE in a single group of patients with gastroenteropancreatic (GEP)-neuroendocrine tumours (NETs). Methods: Thirty-five patients with histologically confirmed GEP-NETs (5 grade 1, 28 grade 2, and 2 grade 3 tumours) were prospectively enrolled with informed consent. The primary tumour mainly originated from the pancreas and rectum. All patients were scanned with both 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD PET/CT and 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT within a week and compared on a head-to-head basis. Sixteen patients also had conventional 18F-FDG PET/CT. Images were evaluated semi-quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake values (SUVmax) of tumour and tumour-to-background ratio. Results: All patients had at least one positive lesion on each of the two scans. A total of 1190 and 1106 lesions were detected on 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD images and 68 Ga-DOTATATE images, respectively (P = 0.152). 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD PET/CT revealed significantly more lesions in the liver than 68 Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT (634 vs. 532, P = 0.021). Both tracers produced comparable results for detecting primary tumours (20 vs. 20, P = 1.000), lymph node metastases (101 vs. 102, P = 0.655), and bone metastases (381 vs. 398, P = 0.244). The tumour SUVmax in 12 patients was significantly higher for 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD than for 68 Ga-DOTATATE (27.2 ± 13.6 vs. 19.5 ± 10.0, P < 0.001); among them, 9 had 18F-FDG PET/CT and all were found to be FDG-positive. The remaining 23 patients had significantly higher 68 Ga-DOTATATE uptake than 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD uptake (22.3 ± 16.4 vs. 11.9 ± 7.5, P < 0.001); among them, 7 had 18F-FDG PET/CT and 6 were FDG-negative. Generally, 68 Ga-DOTATATE demonstrated higher tumour SUVmax than 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD (20.8 ± 16.0 vs. 14.2 ± 8.9, P < 0.001), including primary tumours, liver lesions, lymph node lesions, and bone lesions. However, the tumour-to-background ratio of liver lesions was significantly higher when using 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD compared with that when using 68 Ga-DOTATATE (8.4 ± 5.5 vs. 4.7 ± 3.7, P < 0.001). Conclusion: 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD performed better than 68 Ga-DOTATATE in detection of liver metastases with a higher tumour-to-background ratio. Moreover, 68 Ga-NOTA-3P-TATE-RGD tended to demonstrate higher uptake over 68 Ga-DOTATATE in FDG-avid NETs. Trial registration: Dual SSTR2 and Integrin αvβ3 Targeting PET/CT Imaging (NCT02817945, registered 5 November 2018). URL of registry: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02817945 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) dramatically hampers the achievement of the UNAIDS HIV treatment targets. This study aimed to develop a theory-informed predictive model for ART adherence based on data from Chinese.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen, China, in December 2020. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling, completing a survey that included sociodemographic characteristics, HIV clinical information, Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) constructs and adherence to ART. CD4 counts and HIV viral load were extracted from medical records. A model to predict ART adherence was developed from a multivariable logistic regression with significant predictors selected by Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression. To evaluate the performance of the model, we tested the discriminatory capacity using the concordance index (C-index) and calibration accuracy using the Hosmer and Lemeshow test.Results: The average age of the 651 people living with HIV (PLHIV) in the training group was 34.1±8.4 years, with 20.1% reporting suboptimal adherence. The mean age of the 276 PLHIV in the validation group was 33.9±8.2 years, and the prevalence of poor adherence was 22.1%. The suboptimal adherence model incorporates five predictors: education level, alcohol use, side effects, objective abilities and self-efficacy. Constructed by those predictors, the model showed a C-index of 0.739 (95% CI 0.703 to 0.772) in internal validation, which was confirmed be 0.717 via bootstrapping validation and remained modest in temporal validation (C-index 0.676). The calibration capacity was acceptable both in the training and in the validation groups (p>0.05).Conclusions: Our model accurately estimates ART adherence behaviours. The prediction tool can help identify individuals at greater risk for poor adherence and guide tailored interventions to optimise adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a novel target for diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel CLDN18.2-targeted nanobody, PMD22, labeled with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga), for detecting CLDN18.2 expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using PET/CT imaging.[68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was synthesized based on the nanobody, and its cell binding properties were assayed. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts using microPET/CT. Effective dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was evaluated in 5 gastrointestinal cancer patients, and PET/CT imaging of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 and [18F]FDG were performed head-to-head in 16 gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pathological tissues were obtained for CLDN18.2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and comparative analysis with PET/CT findings.Cell binding assay showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 had a higher binding ability to AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 cells than to AGS and BGC823 cells (p < 0.001). MicroPET/CT images showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 rapidly accumulated in AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors, and high contrast tumor to background imaging was clearly observed. In the pilot study, the effective dose of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was 1.68E-02 ± 1.45E-02 mSv/MBq, and the CLDN18.2 IHC staining result was highly correlated with the SUVmax/BKGstomach of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 (rs = 0.848, p < 0.01).A novel [68Ga]Ga-labeled nanobody probe targeting CLDN18.2, [68Ga]Ga-PMD22, was established and preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in revealing CLDN18.2-positive gastrointestinal cancer, providing a basis for the clinical translation of the agent.This study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05937919).Methods: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a novel target for diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel CLDN18.2-targeted nanobody, PMD22, labeled with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga), for detecting CLDN18.2 expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using PET/CT imaging.[68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was synthesized based on the nanobody, and its cell binding properties were assayed. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts using microPET/CT. Effective dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was evaluated in 5 gastrointestinal cancer patients, and PET/CT imaging of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 and [18F]FDG were performed head-to-head in 16 gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pathological tissues were obtained for CLDN18.2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and comparative analysis with PET/CT findings.Cell binding assay showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 had a higher binding ability to AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 cells than to AGS and BGC823 cells (p < 0.001). MicroPET/CT images showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 rapidly accumulated in AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors, and high contrast tumor to background imaging was clearly observed. In the pilot study, the effective dose of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was 1.68E-02 ± 1.45E-02 mSv/MBq, and the CLDN18.2 IHC staining result was highly correlated with the SUVmax/BKGstomach of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 (rs = 0.848, p < 0.01).A novel [68Ga]Ga-labeled nanobody probe targeting CLDN18.2, [68Ga]Ga-PMD22, was established and preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in revealing CLDN18.2-positive gastrointestinal cancer, providing a basis for the clinical translation of the agent.This study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05937919).Results: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a novel target for diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel CLDN18.2-targeted nanobody, PMD22, labeled with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga), for detecting CLDN18.2 expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using PET/CT imaging.[68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was synthesized based on the nanobody, and its cell binding properties were assayed. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts using microPET/CT. Effective dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was evaluated in 5 gastrointestinal cancer patients, and PET/CT imaging of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 and [18F]FDG were performed head-to-head in 16 gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pathological tissues were obtained for CLDN18.2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and comparative analysis with PET/CT findings.Cell binding assay showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 had a higher binding ability to AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 cells than to AGS and BGC823 cells (p < 0.001). MicroPET/CT images showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 rapidly accumulated in AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors, and high contrast tumor to background imaging was clearly observed. In the pilot study, the effective dose of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was 1.68E-02 ± 1.45E-02 mSv/MBq, and the CLDN18.2 IHC staining result was highly correlated with the SUVmax/BKGstomach of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 (rs = 0.848, p < 0.01).A novel [68Ga]Ga-labeled nanobody probe targeting CLDN18.2, [68Ga]Ga-PMD22, was established and preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in revealing CLDN18.2-positive gastrointestinal cancer, providing a basis for the clinical translation of the agent.This study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05937919).Conclusion: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a novel target for diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel CLDN18.2-targeted nanobody, PMD22, labeled with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga), for detecting CLDN18.2 expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using PET/CT imaging.[68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was synthesized based on the nanobody, and its cell binding properties were assayed. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts using microPET/CT. Effective dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was evaluated in 5 gastrointestinal cancer patients, and PET/CT imaging of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 and [18F]FDG were performed head-to-head in 16 gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pathological tissues were obtained for CLDN18.2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and comparative analysis with PET/CT findings.Cell binding assay showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 had a higher binding ability to AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 cells than to AGS and BGC823 cells (p < 0.001). MicroPET/CT images showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 rapidly accumulated in AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors, and high contrast tumor to background imaging was clearly observed. In the pilot study, the effective dose of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was 1.68E-02 ± 1.45E-02 mSv/MBq, and the CLDN18.2 IHC staining result was highly correlated with the SUVmax/BKGstomach of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 (rs = 0.848, p < 0.01).A novel [68Ga]Ga-labeled nanobody probe targeting CLDN18.2, [68Ga]Ga-PMD22, was established and preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in revealing CLDN18.2-positive gastrointestinal cancer, providing a basis for the clinical translation of the agent.This study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05937919).Clinical trial registration: Claudin18.2 (CLDN18.2) is a novel target for diagnosis and therapy of gastrointestinal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of a novel CLDN18.2-targeted nanobody, PMD22, labeled with gallium-68 ([68Ga]Ga), for detecting CLDN18.2 expression in patients with gastrointestinal cancer using PET/CT imaging.[68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was synthesized based on the nanobody, and its cell binding properties were assayed. Preclinical pharmacokinetics were determined in CLDN18.2-positive xenografts using microPET/CT. Effective dosimetry of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was evaluated in 5 gastrointestinal cancer patients, and PET/CT imaging of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 and [18F]FDG were performed head-to-head in 16 gastrointestinal cancer patients. Pathological tissues were obtained for CLDN18.2 immunohistochemical (IHC) staining and comparative analysis with PET/CT findings.Cell binding assay showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 had a higher binding ability to AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 cells than to AGS and BGC823 cells (p < 0.001). MicroPET/CT images showed that [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 rapidly accumulated in AGSCLDN18.2 and BGC823CLDN18.2 tumors, and high contrast tumor to background imaging was clearly observed. In the pilot study, the effective dose of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 was 1.68E-02 ± 1.45E-02 mSv/MBq, and the CLDN18.2 IHC staining result was highly correlated with the SUVmax/BKGstomach of [68Ga]Ga-PMD22 (rs = 0.848, p < 0.01).A novel [68Ga]Ga-labeled nanobody probe targeting CLDN18.2, [68Ga]Ga-PMD22, was established and preliminarily proved to be safe and effective in revealing CLDN18.2-positive gastrointestinal cancer, providing a basis for the clinical translation of the agent.This study was registered on the ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05937919). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]