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Voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) is a pore protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane. Its channel gating mediates mitochondrial respiration and cell metabolism, and it has been identified as a critical modulator of mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. In many diseases characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction, such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, VDAC1 is considered a promising potential therapeutic target. However, there is limited research on the regulatory factors involved in VDAC1 protein expression in both normal and pathological states. In this study, we find that VDAC1 protein expression is up-regulated in various neuronal cell lines in response to intracellular metabolic and oxidative stress. We further demonstrate that VDAC1 expression is modulated by intracellular ATP level. Through the use of pharmacological agonists and inhibitors and small interfering RNA (siRNA), we reveal that the AMPK/PGC-1α signaling pathway is involved in regulating VDAC1 expression. Additionally, based on bioinformatics predictions and biochemical verification, we identify p53 as a potential transcription factor that regulates VDAC1 promoter activity during metabolic oxidative stress. Our findings suggest that VDAC1 expression is regulated by the AMPK/PGC-1α and p53 pathways, which contributes to the maintenance of stress adaptation and apoptotic homeostasis in neuronal cells.

In the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR), metal catalysts with an oxidation state generally demonstrate more favorable catalytic activity and selectivity than their corresponding metallic counterparts. However, the persistence of oxidative metal sites under reductive potentials is challenging since the transition to metallic states inevitably leads to catalytic degradation. Herein, a thorough review of research on oxidation-state stabilization in the CO2RR is presented, starting from fundamental concepts and highlighting the importance of oxidation state stabilization while revealing the relevance of dynamic oxidation states in product distribution. Subsequently, the functional mechanisms of various oxidation-state protection strategies are explained in detail, and in situ detection techniques are discussed. Finally, the prevailing and prospective challenges associated with oxidation-state protection research are discussed, identifying innovative opportunities for mechanistic insights, technology upgrades, and industrial platforms to enable the commercialization of the CO2RR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic CO2 reduction (ECR) powered by renewable electricity has attracted of wide attention because of its advantages to produce high‐value‐added chemicals and fuels. Additionally, ECR played a crucial role in addressing the challenge of excessive fossil fuel consumption caused by global warming. Herein, a unique armor structure with Ni nanoparticles coated by a carbon shell containing Ni─N─C (Ni─NP@Ni─SA) for industrial ECR to CO in pH‐universal electrolytes is designed. Ni─NP@Ni─SA catalyst exhibits ≈100% CO Faradaic efficiency, and CO partial current density can reach 500, 361, and 615 mA cm−2 in strong alkaline (pH 14), neutral (pH 7.2) and strong acidic (pH 1) electrolytes, respectively. Moreover, Ni─NP@Ni─SA can drive the rechargeable Zn‐CO2 battery with a high power density of 3.45 mW cm−2, and outstanding stability over 36 h. The structural characterizations and theoretical calculation together present that the electron penetration effect of Ni─NP@Ni─SA can strengthen the electronic enrichment state of Ni single atom, which facilitates the reaction kinetics of ECR by decreasing the formation energy barrier of key intermediate *COOH. This work pioneers a new design strategy to enhance the activity of single‐atom catalysts and seek high‐efficiency electrocatalysts for ECR in pH‐universal electrolytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Compared with anti-infective drugs, immunosuppressants and other fields, the application of therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) in oncology is somewhat limited. Objective: We aimed to provide a comprehensive understanding of TDM guidelines for antineoplastic drugs and to promote the development of individualized drug therapy in oncology. Design: This study type is a systematic review. Data sources and methods: This study was performed and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses 2020 statement. Databases including PubMed, Embase, the official websites of TDM-related associations and Chinese databases were comprehensively searched up to March 2023. Two investigators independently screened the literature and extracted data. The methodological and reporting quality was evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) and the Reporting Items for Practice Guidelines in Healthcare (RIGHT), respectively. Recommendations and quality evaluation results were presented by visual plots. This study was registered in PROSPERO (No. CRD42022325661). Results: A total of eight studies were included, with publication years ranging from 2014 to 2022. From the perspective of guideline development, two guidelines were developed using evidence-based methods. Among the included guidelines, four guidelines were for cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs, three for small molecule kinase inhibitors, and one for antineoplastic biosimilars. Currently available guidelines and clinical practice provided recommendations of individualized medication in oncology based on TDM, as well as influencing factors. With regard to methodological quality based on AGREE II, the average overall quality score was 55.21%. As for the reporting quality by RIGHT evaluation, the average reporting rate was 53.57%. Conclusion: From the perspective of current guidelines, TDM in oncology is now being expanded from cytotoxic antineoplastic drugs to newer targeted treatments. Whereas, the types of antineoplastic drugs involved are still small, and there is still room for quality improvement. Furthermore, the reflected gaps warrant future studies into the exposure–response relationships and population pharmacokinetics models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coprophagy prevention (CP) affects the growth performance, hepatic lipid synthesis, and gut microbiota in rabbits. Supplementation with Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum, Strain number: CCTCC M 2019962) has been found to improve growth performance in rabbits. However, it remains unknown whether C. butyricum can ameliorate the effects of CP on hepatic lipid synthesis and the underlying mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of CP on hepatic lipid synthesis and the underlying mechanism based on the gut–liver axis. The findings revealed that supplementation with C. butyricum could reverse CP-related growth performance, lipid accumulation, bile acid synthesis, and inflammation. Furthermore, C. butyricum exerted protective effects on the gut by preserving intestinal barrier integrity and modulating gut microbiota composition; these factors may represent potential mechanisms through which C. butyricum improves CP-related outcomes. Specifically, C. butyricum reshaped the microbiota by increasing butyric acid levels, thereby maintaining secondary bile acid (deoxycholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid) balance and attenuating the inhibitory effects of the FXR/SHP pathway on lipid synthesis (SREBP1c/ApoA1). Moreover, the activation of butyrate/GPR43pathway by C. butyricum reduced damage to the intestinal barrier (ZO-1/Occludin/Claudin1) and restored the gut immune microenvironment in CP rabbits. In summary, supplementation with C. butyricum can alleviate the adverse effects of CP on growth performance and hepatic lipid synthesis by modulating the gut–liver axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) plays a key factor in biofilm formation. However, the research on the importance of each EPS fraction is mainly concentrated in the activated sludge field. In this study, biofilms were cultivated under different hydrodynamic conditions in indoor flumes, and the important regulatory effects of dissolved EPS (SB-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) on biofilm formation were investigated. The results indicated that the ratios of soluble EPS (S-EPS), loosely bound EPS (LB-EPS), and tightly bound EPS (TB-EPS) were 27:74:108 in the turbulent flow, 38:48:71 in the transitional flow, and 89:51:51 in the laminar flow. Regarding proportion, TB-EPS and LB-EPS were secreted more in the turbulent flow, while S-EPS was secreted slightly more in the laminar flow. S-EPS lacks the structural strength provided by bound EPS. Under the special bonding effects of LB-EPS and TB-EPS, many microcolonies join to form biofilms. The polysaccharide content in the EPS of biofilms remained dominant under all conditions. Polysaccharides are the core of biofilm formation, which enhance bacterial aggregation and make biofilm dense. Through the mutual verification of the results in the microscopic and macroscopic fields, the mechanism of biofilm formation was further elucidated, especially, in Stage IV, due to the special bonding effects of LB-EPS and TB-EPS, many colonies adhere to the mature biofilm. Further studies are required to investigate the extracellular polysaccharides and proteins in EPS along with their properties in biofilms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a coupled three-dimensional numerical model of fluid flow, heat transfer, and inclusion motion during the solidification of molten steel in slab continuous casting mold has been developed. Based on the model, this paper has studied the inclusion capture during the process. The influence of the primary dendrite arm spacing on inclusion capture has been considered. The inclusion distributions, total masses, and average diameters at different depth from the slab surface have been given out in the present paper. The simulation results revealed the inclusion concentration existed in the solidification process, and the inclusion capturing area varies with the depth from the slab surface.

Nanosized spinel ferrites MFe2O4 (M = Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn)-coated flaky FeSiAl alloy composites were synthesized successfully. Nano-ferrites preferentially grow into nanoplatelets due to induced or restricted growth on the flaky surface of FeSiAl. With annealing temperature increasing, the ferrites' nanosheets thicken gradually and then grow into irregular particles. The annealing temperature not only affects the nanosized morphology and coating but also the magnetic properties of flaky FeSiAl composites. The saturation magnetization of CuFe2O4- or NiFe2O4-coated FeSiAl is approximate 69 emu/g, where the value of MnFe2O4-, CoFe2O4- and ZnFe2O4-coated FeSiAl show a decreasing trend generally from 64 emu/g to 55.7 emu/g annealing at 800 °C, respectively. The saturation magnetization of flaky FeSiAl composites was improved with the increased annealing temperature, except for those coated with ZnFe2O4 and NiFe2O4. These results are useful for improving the comprehensive properties of ferrite-coated flaky FeSiAl alloy composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-for-one tourism plays an increasingly important role in the development of national tourism, and rural landscape is endowed with multiple functions in all-for-one tourism pattern. After Yuan’an County was listed as the second batch of national all-in-one tourism demonstration zones, the establishment of all-in-one tourism puts forward higher requirements for the planning and promotion of rural landscape in Yuan’an County. By analyzing the status quo of rural landscape construction through landscape cultural characteristics, landscape differentiation and landscape management mechanism, combined with the current style of Luyuan Village in Yuan’an County, the paper discusses the promotion strategy and implementation approach of rural landscape in the perspective of all-region tourism from natural ecological landscape, settlement life landscape and economic production landscape, in order to bring new thinking for the improvement of rural landscape in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Laser direct writing of polyimide (PI) film to induce porous graphene as a flexible electrode facilitates the development of efficient, low-cost, and large-scale preparation of flexible planar micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). Nevertheless, current flexible MSCs based on laser-induced graphene (LIG) face bottlenecks such as poor LIG electrode wettability, inhomogeneous doping of heterogeneous components, and limited electrochemical performance. In view of this, a simple and effective process for in situ fabrication of flexible FeOx nanoparticles embedded N-doped LIG (FeOx@NLIG) electrode is developed by laser direct writing in this study. The as-assembled in-plane FeOx@NLIG MSCs exhibit an excellent areal specific capacitance of 13.82 mF cm−2, a remarkable energy density of 1.228 mW h cm−2 at a high power density of 0.024 mW cm−2, good flexibility, and conspicuous cycling stability. Besides, these high-performance in-plane FeOx@NLIG MSCs as a vital micro-energy storage component can be easily miniaturized, modularized, and integrated to suit customized needs of wearable electronics due to great advantages in terms of identicality and stability of the as-fabricated FeOx@NLIG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Lymph node metastasis (LNM) is the main route of metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma (LA), and preoperative prediction of LNM in early LA is key for accurate medical treatment. We aimed to establish a preoperative prediction model of LNM of early LA through clinical data mining to reduce unnecessary lymph node dissection, reduce surgical injury, and shorten the operation time. Methods. We retrospectively collected imaging data and clinical features of 1121 patients with early LA who underwent video-assisted thoracic surgery at the First Hospital of China Medical University from 2004 to 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to select variables and establish the preoperative diagnosis model using random forest classifier (RFC). The prediction results from the test set were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model. Results. Combining the results of logistic analysis and practical clinical application experience, nine clinical features were included. In the random forest classifier model, when the number of nodes was three and the n -tree value is 500, we obtained the best prediction model (accuracy = 0.9769), with a positive prediction rate of 90% and a negative prediction rate of 98.69%. Conclusion. We established a preoperative prediction model for LNM of early LA using a machine learning random forest method combined with clinical and imaging features. More excellent predictors may be obtained by refining imaging features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1), a pore protein located in the outer mitochondrial membrane, has been confirmed to be related to cancer in cell or animal evidence. However, there is no available pan-cancer analysis of VDAC1. Herein, we investigated the potential roles of VDAC1 in tumorigenesis and progression based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) datasets. The expression of VDAC1 increased in most cancers, and the upregulation of VDAC1 distinctly correlated with the poor prognosis in patients, including breast invasive carcinoma, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and skin cutaneous melanoma. We also found VDAC1 S104 phosphorylation raised in various cancers, such as breast cancer, colon cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma. Moreover, the expression of VDAC1 was related to the estimated infiltration value of cancer-associated fibroblasts in bladder urothelial carcinoma, colon adenocarcinoma, kidney renal papillary cell carcinoma, and testicular germ cell tumors. At last, we showed that VDAC1-related oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic regulation may partially explain its association with tumorigenesis and progression. Taken together, this pan-cancer analysis provides relatively comprehensive information on the potential value of VDAC1 as a prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing robust electrocatalysts and advanced devices is important for electrochemical carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction toward the generation of valuable chemicals. We present herein a carbon‐confined indium oxide electrocatalyst for stable and efficient CO2 reduction. The reductive corrosion of oxidative indium to the metallic state during electrolysis could be prevented by carbon protection, and the applied carbon layer also optimizes the reaction intermediate adsorption, which enables both high selectivity and activity for CO2 reduction. In a liquid‐phase flow cell, the formate selectivity exceeds 90 % in a wide potential window from −0.8 V to −1.3 V vs. RHE. The continuous production of ca. 0.12 M pure formic acid solution is further demonstrated at a current density of 30 mA cm−2 in a solid‐state electrolyte mediated reactor. This work provides significant concepts in the parallel development of electrocatalysts and devices for carbon‐neutral technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthocyanins have great health benefits, especially malvidin. Vitis amurensis Rupr are rich in malvidin, and malvidin-3-O-glucoside (Mv3G) monomer is the most abundant. However, natural anthocyanins are unstable, which limits their wide application in the food field. Soybean insoluble dietary fiber (SIDF) has high stability, and it can be used as an inert substrate to construct a stable system, which may improve the stability of anthocyanins. The optimal condition to construct a stable system of SIDF and Mv3G at pH 3.0 was determined by an orthogonal experiment. The results indicated that SIDF effectively improved the stability of Mv3G under different pH values (1.0~7.0), high temperature (100 °C for 100 min), and sunlight (20 ± 2 °C for 30 d) conditions. The absorption peak intensity of the UV–VIS spectrum of SIDF-Mv3G was enhanced, which indicated that there was interaction between SIDF and Mv3G. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed that the -OH stretching vibration peak of SIDF-Mv3G was changed, which indicated that the interaction between SIDF and Mv3G was due to hydrogen bonding. X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the crystalline morphology of SIDF was opened, which was combined with Mv3G, and SIDF made Mv3G change to a more stable state. Scanning electron microscope analysis showed that SIDF and Mv3G were closely combined to form an inclusion complex. Overall, this study provides valuable information for enhancing the color stability of anthocyanins, which will further expand the application of anthocyanins in the food field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bimetallic sulfides are expected to realize efficient CO2 electroreduction into formate over a wide potential window, however, they will undergo in situ structural evolution under the reaction conditions. Therefore, clarifying the structural evolution process, the real active site and the catalytic mechanism is significant. Here, taking Cu2SnS3 as an example, we unveiled that Cu2SnS3 occurred self‐adapted phase separation toward forming the stable SnO2@CuS and SnO2@Cu2O heterojunction during the electrochemical process. Calculations illustrated that the strongly coupled interfaces as real active sites driven the electron self‐flow from Sn4+ to Cu+, thereby promoting the delocalized Sn sites to combine HCOO* with H*. Cu2SnS3 nanosheets achieve over 83.4 % formate selectivity in a wide potential range from −0.6 V to −1.1 V. Our findings provide insight into the structural evolution process and performance‐enhanced origin of ternary sulfides under the CO2 electroreduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report an amino‐functionalized indium‐organic framework for efficient CO2 reduction to formate. The immobilized amino groups strengthen the absorption and activation of CO2 and stabilize the active intermediates, which endow an enhanced catalytic conversion to formate despite the inevitable reduction and reconstruction of the functionalized indium‐based catalyst during electrocatalysis. The reconstructed amino‐functionalized indium‐based catalyst demonstrates a high Faradaic efficiency of 94.4 % and a partial current density of 108 mA cm−2 at −1.1 V vs. RHE in a liquid‐phase flow cell, and also delivers an enhanced current density of ca. 800 mA cm−2 at 3.4 V for the formate production in a gas‐phase flow cell configuration. This work not only provides a molecular functionalization and assembling concept of hybrid electrocatalysts but also offers valuable understandings in electrocatalyst evolution and reactor optimization for CO2 electrocatalysis and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tracer element can help distinguish between indoor PM2.5 of outdoor origin and that of indoor origin. PM2.5-associated iron has been proposed as a tracer element of PM2.5 in Beijing. This study aims to examine the effect of particulate iron on tracking indoor PM2.5 of outdoor origin in temporal and spatial scales. From July 2018 to March 2019, we collected 24 pairs of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 samples in Nanjing, China. We calculated a normalized ratio (ratio of indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratio of iron to that of PM2.5). Results show a mean ± SD of the normalized ratio of 1.0 ± 0.38. It suggests that particulate iron tracks PM2.5 well during outdoor-to-indoor transport on average. This tracking performance varies temporally. The mean ± SD of the normalized ratio is 0.79 ± 0.17 from July to December 2018 and 1.2 ± 0.41 in March. The results from studies published in different regions of the world over recent years show a mean normalized ratio of 0.88, 0.67, 1.3 and 0.8 in Asia, Europe, North America and South America, respectively, indicating the spatial heterogeneity of iron's tracking effect. In comparison, sulphate appears to exhibit a less stable tracking effect than iron. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supercapacitors possess important prospects in power supply, owing to the characteristics of fast charging/discharging and long cycling life. As emerging materials, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are the cutting‐edge electrode active materials for supercapacitors due to their good conductivity, tunable pore structure, as well as diverse composition. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent progress in MOF electrodes for supercapacitors. We focus on the synthesis of intrinsically conductive MOFs constructed from different organic linkers and adjustable metal ions, and the preparation of conductive MOF composites hybridized with conducting materials (conducting polymers and carbons). Following the discussion of both different types of conductive MOFs and their composites in supercapacitors, the challenges, and opportunities of conductive MOF electrodes for supercapacitors are further prospected at the end of this contribution, which would provide some valuable insights in facilitating the use of MOF materials in energy‐storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]