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Prostate cancer is a cancer prevalent form characterized by serious clinical symptoms. The discovery of a novel supplement or medication for prostate cancer within the realm of chemotherapeutic drugs holds significant value. Our research involved the synthesis of copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) infused with Pistacia khinjuk leaf extract to explore their potential anti-prostate cancer, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties. The green-formulated CuNPs were characterized by TEM, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, FE-SEM, FTIR. The FE-SEM and TEM findings prove the spherical structure with a size of 10–70 nm. The DPPH assay was carried out to examine the effectiveness of antioxidants. CuNPs exhibited the ability to inhibit 50% of DPPH at 215 µg/mL. To assess the anti-prostate cancer properties of CuNPs, an MTT assay was performed on NCI-H660, DU 145, LNCaP clone FGC, and LNCaP clone FGC-Luc2 cells. CuNPs exhibited remarkable efficacy in inhibiting prostate cancer growth, while demonstrating negligible toxicity towards normal cells. The LNCaP clone FGC cell line displayed the most potent anti-prostate cancer effects of CuNPs. IC50 of CuNPs was 322, 365, 247, and 273 on NCI-H660, DU 145, LNCaP clone FGC, and LNCaP clone FGC-Luc2 prostate cancer cells. CuNPs containing Pistacia khinjuk were found to possess noteworthy anti-prostate carcinoma characteristics and presented excellent antioxidant potentials, as highlighted by this study.

Abstract Background In the present case, we applied postmortem computed tomography angiography (PMCTA) in a medical dispute involving sudden death after cardiovascular surgery. Case presentation A 39-year-old man underwent aortic arch replacement combined with stented elephant trunk implantation surgery under extracorporeal circulation. All vital signs were stable and he was arranged for discharge seven days after surgery. Several days later, the patient was sent back to the hospital for chest pain and poor appetite. Unfortunately, his condition worsened and he ultimately died. PMCT scanning detect pericardial effusion. Family members suspected that the surgical sutures were not dense enough, causing the patient’s postoperative bleeding and resulting in cardiac tamponade and death. PMCTA was performed before autopsy, which showed pericardial effusion. However, postmortem angiography with simulated blood pressure showed no leakage of contrast agent, which guided the subsequent autopsy and histological examinations. Conclusions While many previous postmortem imaging case reports have shown positive results that provided evidence of medical malpractice, the current case excludes the possibility of physician negligence and reasonably settles the medical dispute from another perspective. In short, the PMCTA approach we describe here was an effective tool that can be applied to certain medical-related forensic cases.

Antonio Negri's construction of the subjectivity and power of the working class relies on a productivist ontological reading of living labor. Such an understanding theorizes production as a process independent of capital valorization, positions laborers as separated from and in absolute opposition to capital, and concludes that immaterial labor directly implies postcapitalist social relations. However, this reading leaves aside the social form of labor, ignores that living labor is constitutive of capital valorization, and obscures how immaterial labor processes and immaterial laborers themselves are shaped by capital valorization. This essay proposes an analysis that understands labor, including immaterial labor, as a process that encompasses the dynamics of both domination and resistance, the key to which lies in theorizing capital valorization as socially constituted and mediated by different social processes. By theorizing how capital valorization interacts with the social conditions it is embedded in, the space for anticapitalist struggles emerges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related Tauopathies are characterised by the pathologically hyperphosphorylated and aggregated microtubule‐associated protein Tau, which is accompanied by neuroinflammation mediated by activated microglia. However, the role of Tau pathology in microglia activation or their causal relationship remains largely elusive. Methods: The levels of nucleotide‐binding oligomerisation domain (NOD)‐like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) acetylation and inflammasome activation in multiple cell models with Tau proteins treatment, transgenic mice with Tauopathy, and AD patients were measured by Western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. In addition, the acetyltransferase activity of Tau and NLRP3 acetylation sites were confirmed using the test‐tube acetylation assay, co‐immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence (IF) staining, mass spectrometry and molecular docking. The Tau‐overexpressing mouse model was established by overexpression of human Tau proteins in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons through the adeno‐associated virus injection. The cognitive functions of Tau‐overexpressing mice were assessed in various behavioural tests, and microglia activation was analysed by Iba‐1 IF staining and [18F]‐DPA‐714 positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging. A peptide that blocks the interaction between Tau and NLRP3 was synthesised to determine the in vitro and in vivo effects of Tau–NLRP3 interaction blockade on NLRP3 acetylation, inflammasome activation, microglia activation and cognitive function. Results: Excessively elevated NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation were observed in 3xTg‐AD mice, microtubule‐associated protein Tau P301S (PS19) mice and AD patients. It was further confirmed that mimics of 'early' phosphorylated‐Tau proteins which increase at the initial stage of diseases with Tauopathy, including TauT181E, TauS199E, TauT217E and TauS262E, significantly promoted Tau–K18 domain acetyltransferase activity‐dependent NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation in HEK293T and BV‐2 microglial cells. In addition, Tau protein could directly acetylate NLRP3 at the K21, K22 and K24 sites at its PYD domain and thereby induce inflammasome activation in vitro. Overexpression of human Tau proteins in mouse hippocampal CA1 neurons resulted in impaired cognitive function, Tau transmission to microglia and microgliosis with NLRP3 acetylation and inflammasome activation. As a targeted intervention, competitive binding of a designed Tau–NLRP3‐binding blocking (TNB) peptide to block the interaction of Tau protein with NLRP3 inhibited the NLRP3 acetylation and downstream inflammasome activation in microglia, thereby alleviating microglia activation and cognitive impairment in mice. Conclusions: In conclusion, our findings provide evidence for a novel role of Tau in the regulation of microglia activation through acetylating NLRP3, which has potential implications for early intervention and personalised treatment of AD and related Tauopathies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Synthetic polymers sustain a wide range of applications but the quest for further sophistication and functionalization of polymers remains topical to improve their scope and performance. In this respect, the radical polymerization of exo-methylene heterocyclic compounds (MHCs) is attractive. Compared to the classical acyclic vinyl monomers constrained to the vinyl-type polymerization process, MHCs can undergo different polymerization modes, namely the radical ring-retaining polymerization (rRRP) and the radical ring-opening polymerization (rROP). In rRRP, the cyclic group is preserved and inserted as side group of the polymer backbone offering a myriad of post-polymerization modifications whereas functional groups are incorporated within the backbone of linear polymers and confer them some degradability in rROP. Herein, recent advances in the radical polymerization of MHCs as well as the variety of macromolecular structures and applications it offers are highlighted. The reversible deactivation radical polymerization of MHCs leading to well-defined MHC-based macromolecular architectures, including multifunctional, stimuli-responsive and degradable polymers, is also discussed. The review emphasizes the current limitations of the radical polymerization of MHCs as well as future prospects including the development of innovative bio-based MHCs. Overall, the radical polymerization of MCHs represents a powerful macromolecular engineering tool and a broad field of exploration for polymer chemists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) has been one of the most significant functional materials for its prominent property change during phase transition. Here the modulation in crystallinity and morphology of VO2 thin film is achieved by femtosecond laser direct writing. Both the local crystallization from an amorphous phase and self-organized periodical structures are generated due to the well-controlled femtosecond laser energy deposition and controlled accumulation. The dynamic evolution of either the volumetric or surface nano-/micro-structure depends strongly on the femtosecond laser conditions, revealed by changes of the Raman bands and reflectance spectra at visible wavelengths. Based on the distinguishable color display performance of differently processed regions, a four-color-level image has been drawn on a VO2 thin film. This work proposes an elaborate "annealing by light" and optical property modulation method for the VO2, paving the way to producing complex integrated multi-functional devices for color display and data storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multiple enhancement of electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance through facile operation is attractive for the future development of EMI shielding materials. Herein, composites of carbonized wood and nickel (CW/Ni) with different orientation angles are obtained by impregnation and carbonization. Benefiting from the through-pore structure, the shielding effectiveness (SE) of CW rises from 29.3 to 57.5 dB in the X-band as the orientation angle shifts from 90 to 0°. Moreover, the orientation angle of the natural wood has an influence on the impregnation results. CW/Ni-0° has the highest nickel content in the same impregnation condition, and the SE value of CW/Ni-0° is further improved to 76.4 dB in the X-band owing to an increase in internal reflection, graphitization, and magnetic loss. CW/Ni-0° achieves high SSE and SSE/t via modulation of orientation angles. This work provides an effective approach to enhance the performance of shielding materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous development and integration of molecular biology and forensic science, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially ncRNAs with regulatory functions such as microRNA, long non-coding RNA, and circular RNA, have recently been actively explored by forensic scholars. In this study, we review the literature on these ncRNAs in various fields of forensic science, including postmortem interval determination, wound age estimation, forensic age assessment, cause of death analysis, and body fluid identification, aiming to evaluate the current research and provide a perspective for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covalent organic framework nanosheets (COF nanosheets) are two-dimensional crystalline porous polymers with in-plane covalent bonds and out-of-plane Van der Waals forces. Owing to the customizable structure, chemical modification, and ultra-high porosity, COF nanosheets show many fascinating properties unique to traditional two-dimensional materials, and have shown potential applications in gas separation, sensors, electronic, and optoelectronic devices. This minireview aims to illustrate recent progress on two-dimensional covalent organic framework nanosheets, from two aspects of on-surface synthesis and potential applications. We first review the synthesis of COF nanosheets at the gas–solid interface. On-surface synthesis under ultrahigh vacuum and on-surface synthesis under vapor are highlighted. In addition, we also review the liquid–solid interface synthesis of COF nanosheets at various substrates, i.e., both crystalline and amorphous substrates. Beyond the synthesis, we highlight state-of-the-art applications of the COF nanosheets, particularly in charge transport, chemical sensors, and gas separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber metal laminates have been widely used as the primary materials in aircraft panels, and have excellent specific strength. Bending deformation is the most common loading mode of such components. An accurate theoretical predictive model for the bending process for the carbon reinforced aluminum laminates is of great significance for predicting the actual stress response. In this paper, based on the metal-plastic bending theory and the modified classical fiber laminate theory, a modified bending theory model of carbon-fiber-reinforced aluminum laminates was established. The plastic deformation of the thin metal layer in laminates and the interaction between fiber and metal interfaces were considered in this model. The bending strength was predicted analytically. The FMLs were made from 5052 aluminum sheets, with carbon fibers as the reinforcement, and were bonded and cured by locally manufacturers. The accuracy of the theory was verified by three-point bending experiments, and the prediction error was 8.4%. The results show that the fiber metal laminates consisting of three layers of aluminum and two layers of fiber had the best bending properties. The theoretical model could accurately predict the bending deformation behaviors of fiber metal laminates, and has significant value for the theoretical analysis and performance testing of laminates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high‐frequency (HF) hybrid sky‐surface wave system is a new early warning radar. However, due to the influence of bistatic angle and ionospheric phase path disturbance, the echo spectrum will be widened, which seriously affects the ability of detecting slow targets of ships. In view of the overlapping of positive and negative Bragg broadening peaks caused by the large amplitude ionospheric phase path disturbance in the echo spectrum of HF sky‐surface wave radar, a joint correction method of ionospheric phase pollution based on adaptive optimal path is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the time‐frequency spectrum polluted by ionospheric phase is obtained by high resolution time‐frequency MUSIC transform, then the ionospheric phase disturbance curve in the time spectrum of polluted echo is extracted by the proposed adaptive optimal path method, and then the polluted echo is initially compensated to obtain the sharpened ocean echo spectrum. Finally, the residual phase of pollution curve is estimated by the Phase Gradient Autofocus method, and then the pollution echo is accurately corrected. The results of theoretical and measured data show that this method is effective in correcting the overlapping of positive and negative Bragg broadening peaks caused by serious ionospheric phase pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We studied the metabolism and elimination of norfloxacin in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following a single oral administration of 50 mg/kg at 15 ± 2°C. Norfloxacin was measured by high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry in plasma, muscle, liver, kidney, skin and remainder tissues, and the concentrationtime curve was characterized by a double peak. The drug was absorbed rapidly; the first peak appeared within 4 h, and the second peak appeared within 24 h in all substrates tested. The maximal concentrations in plasma, muscle, liver and kidney were 0.468 mg/L, 14.146 mg/kg, 6.445 mg/kg and 0.977 mg/kg, respectively. The distribution half‐life was 5.814, 9.026, 17.027 and 1.004 h, respectively. The elimination half‐life was 41.205, 41.667, 44.896 and 54.908 h, respectively. Using the kidney as the reference tissue for norfloxacin monitoring in aquaculture and 2 μg/kg as a maximum residue limit standard, it takes 555 temperature‐day (°C days) for norfloxacin to be completely eliminated from rainbow trout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronary heart disease is a common disease threatening human health. In recent years, the incidence of coronary heart disease in China has only increased. It is the most common type of organ disease caused by coronary atherosclerosis, which is observed in the aorta, carotid artery, and femoral artery. The main clinical treatments for coronary heart disease include coronary artery bypass grafting and drug treatment. To investigate the relationship of serum adipocytokine C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9), amyloid A (SAA), and plasma homocysteine (Hcy) with coronary artery plaque characteristics in patients with coronary heart disease. Overall, 143 patients with coronary heart disease admitted to our hospital are selected as research participants. The proportion of plaque necrosis core volume is higher in group A than in group B, and the differences are statistically significant (P < 0.05). In group A, necrotic core volume percentage is negatively correlated with CTRP9 levels and positively correlated with SAA and Hcy levels (P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that increased systolic blood pressure, increased number of coronary artery lesions, decreased CTRP9 levels, and increased Hcy levels are independent risk factors for thin fibrous cap atherosclerosis in patients with coronary heart disease (P < 0.05). Decreased CTRP9 levels and increased Hcy levels are independent risk factors for coronary heart disease patients with thin fibrous cap atherosclerosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the impact of dust on climate and Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) during the interglacial period such as the mid‐Holocene has been studied extensively, its impact during the glacial period is unclear. Here we investigate how the climate and AMOC would change if there had been no dust during the Last Glacial Maximum. Model simulations show that the dust removal leads to a global cooling of over 2.4°C and a weakening of AMOC by ∼30%. Such temperature change is opposite in sign to that for the MH. The cooling is attributed to the increase of snow and ice albedo and weakening of AMOC when dust is removed, and is amplified through a positive feedback between sea ice and AMOC. Our results indicate that the climate and AMOC are more sensitive to dust change during the glacial than the interglacial period. Plain Language Summary: Dust in the atmosphere reflects and absorbs sunlight, reducing the shortwave radiation reaching the surface, while the dust deposited on snow and ice reduces the surface albedo and increases the shortwave radiation received at the surface. Our previous work (Zhang et al., 2021) showed dust reduction during the interglacial period (e.g., mid‐Holocene; MH) would cause a global warming of 0.1°C and a weakening of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) by 6.2%. This warming was due to more sunlight received at the surface when atmospheric dust is removed. Here we show that if dust was removed during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), climate will be cooled significantly rather than warmed. The major reason is that snow on land was much more extensive during LGM than MH, such that the increase of snow albedo after dust removal has a dominating effect on climate. Result suggests that the global climate and AMOC in the glacial period are more sensitive to dust change than those in the interglacial period. Key Points: If there were no dust during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), global surface temperature would have been lower by 2.4 °CAtlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation would have been 30% weaker if there were no dust during the LGMThe ocean and sea‐ice dynamics amplify the climate impact of dust by a factor of 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, multifunctional cellulose membranes (Ag-NWs/CMs@Ag) with antibacterial activities, high air permeability, and infrared preservation properties were successfully prepared for personal thermal management application. Infrared radiation preservation was observed by modifying surface's physical and chemical properties. Additionally, Ag-NWs/CMs@Ag exhibits high air permeability of 3.00 mg/cm2·hour, the excellent antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus and hydrophobic properties with a stable water contact angle of 129.35°. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate Ag-NWs/CMs@Ag offers great potential in personal thermal management application and provide an effective strategy for the development of wearable textiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims  Emerging evidence has linked cholesterol metabolism with platelet responsiveness. We sought to examine the dose–response relationship between low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and major in-hospital bleeds in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients. Methods and results  Among 42 378 ACS patients treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) enrolled in 240 hospitals in the Improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China-ACS project from 2014 to 2019, a total of 615 major bleeds, 218 ischaemic events, and 337 deaths were recorded. After controlling for baseline variables, a non-linear relationship was observed for major bleeds, with the higher risk at lower LDL-C levels. No dose–response relationship was identified for ischaemic events and mortality. A threshold value of LDL-C <70 mg/dL was associated with an increased risk for major bleeds (adjusted odds ratio: 1.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.21–1.84) in multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models and in propensity score-matched cohorts. The results were consistent in multiple sensitivity analyses. Among ticagrelor-treated patients, the LDL-C threshold for increased bleeding risk was observed at <88 mg/dL, whereas for clopidogrel-treated patients, the threshold was <54 mg/dL. Across a full spectrum of LDL-C levels, the treatment effect size associated with ticagrelor vs. clopidogrel on major bleeds favoured clopidogrel at lower LDL-C levels, but no difference at higher LDL-C levels. Conclusions  In a nationwide ACS registry, a non-linear association was identified between LDL-C levels and major in-hospital bleeds following PCI, with the higher risk at lower levels. As the potential for confounding may exist, further studies are warranted. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02306616 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It may be difficult to distinguish the cause of death in drowning cases without specific findings. The aim of this study was to explore the forensic value of thoracic postmortem computed tomography (PMCT) using routine images and three-dimensional (3D) image reconstructions. The imaging data of PMCT examinations of six drowning cadavers, aged 21–54 years, were analyzed. Twelve victims of sudden death from coronary artery disease (CAD) were chosen as a control group. After 3D bilateral lung images were reconstructed using image processing software, an interactive medical image control system was used to measure and analyze parameters including lung volume, lung volume ratio, mean CT value of the whole lung, and lung CT value distribution curves. Lung volume and lung volume ratio were used to assess the shape changes of the lung. Lung CT value distribution curves showed the corresponding number of pixels of the different CT values in the lung image. Lung volume was not significantly larger in drowning cases (mean 2 958 cm3) than in controls (mean 2 342 cm3). Lung volume ratio values in the drowning group (mean 0.3156) were greater than those in the control group (mean 0.2763); (P = 0.02). There was no significant difference between the drowning and control group in the mean CT value of the whole lung. There were differences between lung CT value distribution curves in drowning victims and controls, with drowning victims showing a single peak and CAD cases showing a bimodal distribution. Thoracic PMCT is helpful for the forensic medical diagnosis of drowning. Lung volume ratio and lung CT value distribution are potential indicators to distinguish between drowning and CAD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the preparation of polyurethane foam (PUF) composites for oil absorption have attracted increasing research attention, the preparation process of PUF composites are still a thorny problem due to the nonrenewable raw materials. Proposed herein is an environmentally friendly method to prepare the biomass carbon/PUF composites. In this proposal, the biomass carbon with superhydrophobicity was prepared by using the cellulose of bamboo as precursors. Then, the biomass carbon/PUF composites were synthesized using one step foaming technology using the biomass carbon as modifier. This facile synthesis technique has the advantages of scalable fabrication of porous PUF composite for versatile water–oil separation. The PUF composites are mainly composed of hollow microspheres with holes on their surfaces. The PUF composite show very high efficiency in oil separation and quickly absorb edible oil from the glass surface and heavy oils under water. The resulting PUF composites exhibited high oil absorption capacities in the range from 8.59 to 37.10 times of their own weight for various organic solvents. Importantly, recovery oils absorption for PUF composites was obtained for 5 consecutive cycles without a significant decrease in the oil absorption properties. This study suggests potential environmental advantage in using biomass materials in improving the oil absorption properties of oil-absorbing resin for recovering oils from oily wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence indicates that renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS) inhibitors can protect the brain in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. The current study evaluated the relationship between aldosterone and tissue damage in the brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and whether the RAS inhibitor eplerenone can mitigate the damage seen in these rats. SHRs were randomly divided into eplerenone (n = 10) and SHR (n = 10) groups, and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats (n = 10) were used as controls. Eplerenone 50 mg/kg/day was administered orally to the eplerenone group. Pathological changes to the hippocampal formation, plasma and encephalic aldosterone, and plasma potassium levels were compared among the groups. After 10 weeks, rats in the eplerenone and SHR groups showed higher systolic BP (p =.01) than the control group. Aldosterone levels in the brain were higher in the SHR group (0.20 ± 0.06 pg/ml) than in the eplerenone (0.14 ± 0.05 pg/ml, p =.044) or control (0.12 ± 0.07 pg/ml, p =.007) groups. Plasma aldosterone levels in the SHR group were 1.7 times higher than those in the control group (p =.006). Cerebral cortex was thinner in the SHR group (225.18 ± 15.43 μm) than in the eplerenone (240.38 ± 12.85 μm, p <.01) or control (244.72 ± 18.92 μm, p <.01) groups. Thickness did not differ between the latter two groups. The SHR group exhibited apoptotic cells in the hippocampal formation, which were rare in the eplerenone and control groups. Plasma potassium levels were higher in the eplerenone group than those in the other two groups (p <.05). Our results showed that eplerenone can alleviate brain damage (thinning of cortex and increased apoptosis) caused by aldosterone in a rat model of hypertension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]