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The integrated dual-channel pathway is regarded as an ideal process for photocatalytic H2O2 production. However, it is a key scientific challenge to rationally design photocatalysts for achieving H2O2 production through such a dual-channel pathway. Here, we designed surface oxygen vacancy-modified BiOIO3 (BIO-OVs-x) with spatially separated redox reaction centers by constructing a facet heterojunction for directly utilizing O2 and H2O to photosynthesize H2O2. Under white light irradiation, optimal BIO-OVs-2 exhibited the highest H2O2 production rate of 215.5 μmol g–1 h–1, which was 3 times more than that of BiOIO3, as well as an apparent quantum yield of 5.76% at 350 nm. Photoelectrochemical experiments confirmed that the introduction of oxygen vacancies boosted the efficiency of charge separation and transfer and adjusted the band structure. Control experiments and theoretical studies elucidated photocatalytic reaction active sites and the charge transport mechanism of BIO-OV catalysts. More importantly, the introduction of oxygen vacancies in BiOIO3 reduced the free energy for OH* of the water oxidation reaction and promoted the occurrence of the water oxidation reaction. This work provides a valuable basis for the fine design of a high-performance photocatalyst and for understanding the mechanism of hydrogen peroxide production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Conventional MRI staging can be challenging in the preoperative assessment of rectal cancer. Deep learning methods based on MRI have shown promise in cancer diagnosis and prognostication. However, the value of deep learning in rectal cancer T‐staging is unclear. Purpose: To develop a deep learning model based on preoperative multiparametric MRI for evaluation of rectal cancer and to investigate its potential to improve T‐staging accuracy. Study Type: Retrospective. Population: After cross‐validation, 260 patients (123 with T‐stage T1‐2 and 134 with T‐stage T3‐4) with histopathologically confirmed rectal cancer were randomly divided to the training (N = 208) and test sets (N = 52). Field Strength/Sequence: 3.0 T/Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE), T2‐weighted imaging (T2W), and diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI). Assessment: The deep learning (DL) model of multiparametric (DCE, T2W, and DWI) convolutional neural network were constructed for evaluating preoperative diagnosis. The pathological findings served as the reference standard for T‐stage. For comparison, the single parameter DL‐model, a logistic regression model composed of clinical features and subjective assessment of radiologists were used. Statistical Tests: The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) was used to evaluate the models, the Fleiss' kappa for the intercorrelation coefficients, and DeLong test for compare the diagnostic performance of ROCs. P‐values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: The Area Under Curve (AUC) of the multiparametric DL‐model was 0.854, which was significantly higher than the radiologist's assessment (AUC = 0.678), clinical model (AUC = 0.747), and the single parameter DL‐models including T2W‐model (AUC = 0.735), DWI‐model (AUC = 0.759), and DCE‐model (AUC = 0.789). Data Conclusion: In the evaluation of rectal cancer patients, the proposed multiparametric DL‐model outperformed the radiologist's assessment, the clinical model as well as the single parameter models. The multiparametric DL‐model has the potential to assist clinicians by providing more reliable and precise preoperative T staging diagnosis. Evidence Level: 3 Technical Efficacy: Stage 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, FeSm/BC composites were prepared using coconut shell biochar (BC) as the carrier. FeSm on FeSm/BC is preferentially oriented along the (001) crystal plane and exhibits a uniform honeycomb morphology. It has a high specific surface area and a small pore size distribution, which is more suitable as a heavy metal ion removal material. The results show that Cr(VI) can be almost completely removed within 120 min under acidic conditions with an initial concentration of 10 mg/L of Cr(VI), a temperature of 20 °C, and a dosage of 0.6 g/L of adsorbent. Where pH was the main factor influencing the removal of Cr(VI):pH affects Cr(VI) removal by changing the form of Cr(VI) in the solution, adsorption free energy, redox potential, charged species on FeSm/BC surface, and the reduction properties of Fe2+ and S2−, low pH value is more favorable for Cr(VI) removal. Coexisting anions in solution inhibit Cr(VI) removal due to competitive adsorption, but coexisting cations have no effect. The adsorption process of Cr(VI) by FeSm/BC follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, indicating that the adsorption process is a monolayer surface adsorption controlled by the chemical adsorption mechanism and involves electron sharing or exchange between adsorbent and adsorbate. Thermodynamic study shows that the adsorption process is a spontaneous entropy-increasing process, and raise the temperature is beneficial to the adsorption. The removal of Cr(VI) by FeSm/BC is the synergistic effect of adsorption, reduction, and co-precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) act as negative feedback regulators of the Janus kinase/signal transducer (JAK–STAT) signaling pathway by inhibiting the activity of JAK kinase. The kinase inhibitory region (KIR) of SOCS1 targets the substrate binding groove of JAK with high specificity, as demonstrated by significantly higher IC50 following the mutation of any of residue. To gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms of the inhibition of SOCS1 for JAK1, the binding mode, binding free energy decomposition, and desorption mechanism of JAK–SOCS1 complexes as well as a number of mutant systems were identified by extensive molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and the constant pulling velocity (PCV) method. Electrostatic interactions were identified for their contribution to protein–protein binding, which drove interactions between JAK1 and SOCS1. The polar residues Arg56, Arg59, and Asp105 of SOCS1 and Asp1042 and Asp1040 of JAK1 were key components in the binding, and electrostatic interactions of the side chains were prominent. The binding free energies of the six mutant proteins were lower when compared with those of the control proteins, and the side chain interactions were weakened. The residue Asp1040 played a crucial role in KIR close to the binding groove of JAK1. Moreover, salt bridges contributed significantly to JAK1 and SOCS1 binding and cleavage processes. The study presented herein provides a comprehensive understanding of the thermodynamic and dynamic processes of SOCS1 and JAK1 binding that will contribute meaningfully to the design of future studies related to peptide inhibitors based on SOCS1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the advent of the post-epidemic era, O2O e-commerce on community breaks through the original business model and forms a new online-to-offline integrated business model. This study is based on the value co-creation perspective and the TAM-TPB theory systematically builds a theoretical model of consumers' continuous use intention of O2O e-commerce on the community. A structural equation model (SEM) was used to verify the research hypotheses. The research results were as follows: (1) the subjective norms and structural assurance in social factors have a positive impact on consumers' continuous use intention; (2) the degree of convenience and safety in platform factors not only positively affect customer satisfaction but also positively affect customers' continuous use intension, and customer satisfaction mediates between platform factors and customers' continuous use intension; (3) customer–enterprise co-creation has a positive impact on customer perceived value, and customer perceived value plays a mediating role between customer–enterprise co-creation behavior and consumers' willingness to continue using; (4) customer perceived value and customer satisfaction in the user factor have a significant impact on consumers' continuous use intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, electrochemistry pretreatment flotation of muscovite was carried out and the flotation behavior and mechanism of muscovite in the system of sodium oleate and Cu2+ion was characterized by solution pH value detection, solution conductivity detection, zeta potential, infrared spectrum and the electronic energy spectrum. The results indicated that under the conditions of muscovite mass of 10.00 g, pulp mass concentration of 13.33%, flotation speed of 1750 r/min, sodium oleate concentration of 9.20 × 10−4 mol/L and Cu2+ concentration of 6 × 10−5 mol/L, electrochemical pretreatment of Cu2+ could strengthen the activation of muscovite. Electrochemical pretreatment of Cu2+ solution can inhibit the hydrolysis of copper ions, increase the content of Cu2+ in the solution, strengthen the adsorption of Cu2+ on the muscovite surface, and enhance the electrostatic adsorption of sodium oleate on the muscovite surface, thereby strengthening the physical and chemical adsorption of sodium oleate on the muscovite surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A novel yolk-shell ZnO/In 2 O 3 photocatalyst was constructed via a simple symmetric Ostwald ripening process. • The special yolk and shell solved the steric hindrance problem. • ZnO/In 2 O 3 exhibited photocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution. • A novel Z-scheme heterojunction mechanism for the electron transfer were proposed for the first time. Photocatalytic activities based on charge transfer and separation at interfaces can be effectively promoted by matching chemical Z-scheme heterojunctions and electronic structures. However, the fabrication of morphology-controlled heterojunctions has been a challenge to many researchers. Herein, hollow spheres ZnO/In 2 O 3 was constructed via hydrothermal strategy by fine-tuning the concentration of metal nitrate precursors, and special yolk-shell morphology was generated by the symmetrical Ostwald ripening process. The fabricated Z-Scheme heterojunction exhibited characteristic multi-channel charge transfer properties, which favors the spatial separation of carriers. The ZnO/In 2 O 3 hollow spheres increased the utilization of light source, and the yolk-shell structure increased the interface area and the active sites. Benefiting from the synergistic effect, the ZnO/In 2 O 3 exhibited excellent photocatalytic activities for H 2 production, which was comparatively 26.7 times that obtained using ZnO nanoparticles. From calculations based on DFT, the Z-scheme photogenerated charge transfer mechanism was proposed. The proposed mechanism was verified by analyzing the chemical properties (surface) and the •O 2 − and •OH free radical concentrations before and after the photoreaction. The mechanism presented the ZnO/In 2 O 3 with strong capabilities for H 2 production and elucidated the improved photocatalytic performances. This work creates an innovative route for constructing Z-scheme photocatalytic systems with great photocatalytic activities for H 2 production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cardiovascular comorbidities are pervasive in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and often result in serious adverse cardiovascular events. Tongxinluo (TXL) has been clinically verified to treat atherosclerosis (AS), improve lung function and alleviate dyspnoea. The present study aimed to explore the effect of lung microvascular barrier dysfunction on AS in COPD and the potential pulmonary protective mechanisms of TXL in COPD complicated with AS. COPD complicated with AS was induced in mice by cigarette smoke (CS) exposure and high-fat diet (HFD) feeding. The mice were treated with atorvastatin (ATO), TXL or combination therapy (ATO+TXL) for 20 weeks. Pulmonary function, lung pathology, serum lipid levels, atherosclerotic plaque area and indicators of barrier function, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in lung tissue were evaluated. In vitro, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) were pretreated with TXL for 4 h and then incubated with cigarette smoke extract (CSE) and homocysteine (Hcy) for 36 h to induce barrier dysfunction. Then the indicators of barrier function, oxidative stress and ferroptosis were measured. The results demonstrate that CS aggravated dyslipidaemia, atherosclerotic plaque formation, pulmonary function decline, pathological injury, barrier dysfunction, oxidative stress and ferroptosis in the HFD-fed mice. However, these abnormalities were partially reversed by ATO and TXL. Similar results were observed in vitro. In conclusion, pulmonary microvascular barrier dysfunction plays an important role by which COPD affects the progression of AS, and ferroptosis may be involved. Moreover, TXL delays the progression of AS and reduces cardiovascular events by protecting the pulmonary microvascular barrier and inhibiting ferroptosis. [Display omitted] • Pulmonary microvascular barrier dysfunction is a mechanism that COPD affects AS. • TXL can be combined with ATO to treat COPD complicated with AS. • TXL could reduce oxidative stress and inhibit ferroptosis in lung tissue or HPMECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Late Holocene climate variation was inferred from barely investigated northern TP. • Variation of mirabilite represented temperature change assisted by Pitzer model. • Sediment grain size and subsequent end-members indicated regional moisture variation. • Regional moisture change was driven by NAO and migration of mid-latitude westerlies. • Solar activity expresses significant effects on late Holocene temperature change. Understanding late Holocene climate variation on the northern Tibetan Plateau is essential for understanding regional climate dynamics, especially the potential response to mid-latitude westerlies. A continuous lacustrine sediment record covering the past 1500 years was recovered from Lake Ayakum on the northern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, in which a typical cold-phase mineral (mirabilite) was detected. Assisted by the simulation results in the Pitzer model, the preservation of mirabilite in the sediment core as well as its relative proportion was interpreted in terms of past temperature variations, in which a high mirabilite content corresponded to a relatively cold environment. Grain size analysis and subsequent end-member modeling results revealed potential correlations with regional moisture conditions, that more coarse materials were transported by increased river discharge under relatively wet conditions. The results showed that cold and humid conditions dominated the Dark Age Cold Period and Little Ice Age, while warm and dry conditions dominated the Medieval Warm Period. Following the increase in regional temperature, more coarse materials were deposited during the last 200 years owing to probable increased fluvial transport supplied by glacier meltwater. The overall temperature and moisture variations were broadly consistent with records from western China and central Asia, indicating that the northern Tibetan Plateau was predominately influenced by the mid-latitude westerlies during the late Holocene. In addition, the temperature change showed a close correlation with solar irradiance, pointing to a potential response to solar activity. On the other hand, the moisture change responded sensitively to the North Atlantic Oscillation and the migration of mid-latitude westerlies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tripartite motif-containing protein 28 (TRIM28), as a transcriptional cofactor, has pleiotropic biological effects, such as silencing genes, promoting cellular proliferation and differentiation, and facilitating DNA repair. It is reported that TRIM28 is also correlated with immune infiltration in liver cancer that highlights an unnoticed function of TRIM28 in immune system. However, the prognostic and immunotherapeutic role of TRIM28 in human cancer has not been elucidated. In this study, we conducted a systematic pan-cancer analysis and partial experimental validation of TRIM28 as an immunological and prognostic predictor and its involvement in immunotherapy resistance. We found that TRIM28 expression was higher in various tumor tissues than in normal tissues. Higher TRIM28 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in multiple cancers. The expression of TRIM28 was positively correlated with the presence of T cells, macrophages and neutrophils, and TRIM28 also promoted the infiltration of a series of immune cell. Moreover, TRIM28 affected a wide range of cancer-related scores, and the abnormal expression of TRIM28 was also involved in tumor mutational burden, drug sensitivity, and microsatellite instability in cancer. The results suggest that TRIM28 is a potentially valuable immune response indicator and a molecular biomarker for predicting the prognosis of cancer patients., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Background: Periodontitis is an inflammatory destructive bone disease and is the most critical cause of tooth loss in adults. Recent studies have reported that circular RNAs (circRNAs) are essential in periodontitis. However, the influence and mechanism of hsa_circ_0099630 on periodontitis are not clear., Methods: Normal periodontal tissues and inflammatory periodontal tissues were obtained from healthy patients and patients with periodontitis, respectively. Hsa_circ_0099630 was 1st identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sanger sequencing, and hsa_circ_0099630 expression was determined by real-time (RT)-quantitative PCR in periodontitis. Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (Pg-LPS) was used to construct an inflammation model in vitro. Next, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and osteogenic differentiation were monitored using Cell Counting Kit-8, flow cytometry, and western blot in the Pg-LPS-induced human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPLFs). The microRNA (miRNA)/messenger RNA (mRNA) axis of hsa_circ_0099630 was predicted and screened, and the function of the target genes was analyzed by a Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses., Results: The identified hsa_circ_0099630 was upregulated in the gingival tissue of patients with periodontitis. Next, an inflammation model was constructed using Pg-LPS in the HPLFs. We discovered that Pg-LPS or hsa_circ_0099630 overexpression suppressed cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation, and induced apoptosis in HPLFs. Additionally, hsa_circ_0099630 knockdown induced proliferation and osteogenic differentiation and prevented apoptosis in the Pg-LPS-induced HPLFs. We also screened the vast miRNA/mRNA axis associated with hsa_circ_0099630., Conclusions: The current study uncovered the crucial role of hsa_circ_0099630 in periodontitis., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-22-4209/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Background: Intercellular communication in the environments of mature or aged cells can restore and regenerate their function and promote the expression of pluripotency markers. The regeneration of dental tissue is stimulated by periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) and dental pulp cells (DPCs). However, the communication networks between the cells and their microenvironments are poorly understood., Methods: In this study, gene expression was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays, dual-luciferase assays, and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were used to analyze the signaling pathways associated with pluripotency after the knockdown or overexpression of caudal-type homeobox transcription factor 2 (CDX2)., Results: Elevated levels of SRY-box transcription factor 2 (Sox2) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (Oct-4) were observed in the co-culture system, while the levels of CDX2 were significantly reduced. The overexpression of CDX2 promoted cell apoptosis and reduced the synthesis stage of the cell cycle. CDX2 was shown to bind directly to the promoter regions of Sox2 and Oct-4. The silencing of CDX2 promoted calcium deposition, adipogenic differentiation, and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the DPCs., Conclusions: These findings demonstrate the enhancement of DPC and PDLC pluripotency by intercellular communication. CDX2 plays a significant part in the regulation of DPC and PDLC pluripotency via its regulation of Oct-4 and Sox2 expression., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: Both authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://atm.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/atm-22-3492/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2022 Annals of Translational Medicine. All rights reserved.)

Interlayer van der Waals interactions play an important role in two-dimensional (2D) materials on various occasions. The interlayer binding force is often directly measured and is considered more closely related to the exfoliation condition. However, a binding force database from accurate theoretical calculations does not yet exist. In this work, the critical interlayer binding force and energy are directly calculated for 230 2D materials, which exhibit divergent trends. A linear relationship that links the two quantities with the equilibrium interlayer distance is found and checked. Experiments are carried out for three different materials using atomic force microscopy. The measured forces show a consistent trend with the calculated results, and the estimated binding strengths are of the same order of magnitude as the predicted values. Our work can provide a reliable reference for interlayer adhesion studies and help establish accurate models of exfoliation processes., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest regarding the publication of this article., (Copyright © 2022 Kewei Tang et al.)