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Abstract Background Dysphagia, a common complication of acute stroke, is associated with increased mortality and morbidity. Acupuncture, a widely used swallowing therapy in China, has been suggested as an effective therapy for treating Post-Stroke Dysphagia (PSD) by recent meta-analyses and guidelines. The use of resting-state functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (rs-fMRI) and Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) could explore the change of regional spontaneous neural activity, functional relationships between brain regions, and white matter connectivity patterns after acupuncture intervention for PSD. This trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of acupuncture treatment for PSD and explore its central mechanism by neuroimaging. Methods/design This randomized controlled trial will recruit 40 PSD patients. All patients will be randomized to either the Real Acupuncture (RA) or Sham Acupuncture (SA) group by a ratio of 1:1. All patients will receive immediate acupuncture treatment in the MRI scanning room, followed by four weeks of long-term acupuncture treatment. The primary outcomes are the rs-fMRI and DTI indicators, which will be evaluated after the immediate and long-term acupuncture treatment. The secondary outcomes are the scales that assess the efficacy, including the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), Water Swallowing Test (WST), Swallowing Quality Of Life Questionnaire (SWAL-QOL), and National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The modified version of the Massachusetts General Hospital Acupuncture Sensation Scale (M-MASS) and fMRI sensation record table will also be evaluated. Discussion This protocol presents the design of a randomized, single-blind trial that will evaluate the efficacy and explore the neural plasticity of acupuncture treatment for PSD. This trial will deepen our insight into the clinical value of acupuncture for PSD and initially probe into the time-dosage-effect mechanism of acupuncture. Trial registration numbers Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( www.chictr.org.cn ) ChiCTR2300067480. This study was registered on 9th January 2023.

Abstract Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) is a chronic anxiety condition characterized by persistent excessive worry, anxiety, and fear. Current diagnostic practices primarily rely on clinicians’ subjective assessments and experience, highlighting a need for more objective and reliable methods. This study collected 10-minute resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) from 45 GAD patients and 36 healthy controls (HC), focusing on six frontal EEG channels for preprocessing, data segmentation, and frequency band division. Innovatively, this study introduced the “Differential Channel” method, which enhances classification performance by enhancing the information related to anxiety from the data, thereby highlighting signal differences. Utilizing the preprocessed EEG signals, undirected functional connectivity features (Phase Lag Index, Pearson Correlation Coefficient, and Mutual Information) and directed functional connectivity features (Partial Directed Coherence) were extracted. Multiple machine learning models were applied to distinguish between GAD patients and HC. The results show that the Deep Forest classifier achieves excellent performance with a 12-second time window of DiffFeature. In particular, the classification of GAD and HC was successfully obtained by combining OriFeature and DiffFeature on Mutual Information with a maximum accuracy of 98.08%. Furthermore, it was observed that undirected functional connectivity features significantly outperformed directed functional connectivity when fewer frontal channels were used. Overall, the methodologies developed in this study offer accurate and practical identification strategies for the early screening and clinical diagnosis of GAD, offering the necessary theoretical and technical support for further enhancing the portability of EEG devices.

Abstract Background Medical education related to bone fracture must address numerous challenges including complex anatomical characteristics, diverse injury mechanisms, fracture typing, and treatment modalities. Our newly developed 3D printed model comprises components that may be combined or split to simulate various anatomical features, fracture types, and treatment modalities. This study aims to analyze the teaching utility of the new 3D-printed model compared with the traditional solid model. Methods This prospective study included 112 students randomly assigned to fracture-related education with a conventional model or the newly developed 3D-printed model. All students received 40 min of lecture, 20 min for femoral neck and 20 min for tibiofibular fractures, and a post-class quiz (10 min each) immediately followed. Scores on tests of fracture-related knowledge and user satisfaction were measured pre and post education for comparison. Results The 3D printing group had an advantage in retention of anatomic knowledge, fracture typing and choice of treatment for the femoral neck fracture (P

Abstract Background Whey, which has high biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand, is mass-produced as a major by-product of the dairying industry. Microbial fermentation using whey as the carbon source may convert this potential pollutant into value-added products. This study investigated the potential of using whey powder to produce α-ketoisovalerate, an important platform chemical. Results Klebsiella oxytoca VKO-9, an efficient L-valine producing strain belonging to Risk Group 1 organism, was selected for the production of α-ketoisovalerate. The leucine dehydrogenase and branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase, which catalyzed the reductive amination and oxidative decarboxylation of α-ketoisovalerate, respectively, were inactivated to enhance the accumulation of α-ketoisovalerate. The production of α-ketoisovalerate was also improved through overexpressing α-acetolactate synthase responsible for pyruvate polymerization and mutant acetohydroxyacid isomeroreductase related to α-acetolactate reduction. The obtained strain K. oxytoca KIV-7 produced 37.3 g/L of α-ketoisovalerate from lactose, the major utilizable carbohydrate in whey. In addition, K. oxytoca KIV-7 also produced α-ketoisovalerate from whey powder with a concentration of 40.7 g/L and a yield of 0.418 g/g. Conclusion The process introduced in this study enabled efficient α-ketoisovalerate production from low-cost substrate whey powder. Since the key genes for α-ketoisovalerate generation were integrated in genome of K. oxytoca KIV-7 and constitutively expressed, this strain is promising in stable α-ketoisovalerate fermentation and can be used as a chassis strain for α-ketoisovalerate derivatives production.

Background/purpose: Lichen planus (LP) is a representative mucocutaneous disease involving oral mucosa and skin. The aim of this study was to compare the scientometric characteristics of LP publications in stomatology and dermatology journals. Materials and methods: All the papers on LP were comprehensively searched and then ones published in stomatology and dermatology journals were retrieved. Results: Among all the 5633 papers on LP, 1344 (23.9%) and 2528 (44.9%) were published in stomatology and dermatology journals, respectively. Among the most-cited top-100 papers, 58 and 30 were published in stomatology and dermatology journals, respectively. Moreover, citation count (11,908) and citation density (640.2) of the 58 stomatology publications were obviously higher than the 2 numbers (5096, 260.3) of the 30 dermatology publications. Based on the frequency of research keywords, the distinctive keywords such as malignant transformation, precancerous, genetics, genotype, gene expression, saliva, blood, cytokines, smoking, anxiety, and depression were identified in stomatology publications. On the other side, hyperkeratosis, hyperpigmentation, erythema, epiluminescence microscopy, and dermoscopy were identified in dermatology publications. Furthermore, drug research including drug withdrawal, drug safety, and drug dose reduction with a dozen of drugs are frequent keywords in dermatology but not in stomatology publications. Conclusion: The distinctive keywords of LP publications in stomatology and dermatology journals correspond to the research priority in stomatology and dermatology. We hope that the observations of this analysis will aid clinicians and investigators in promoting mutual understanding and more reciprocal cooperation regarding LP in stomatology and dermatology.

Background/purpose: South Asia and Southeast Asia are the regions with relatively high and increased disease burden of oral cancer. The purpose of this study was to analyze the scientometric characteristics of oral cancer research in these regions. Materials and methods: There are 8 countries from South Asia and 11 countries from Southeast Asia. All the articles on oral cancer from these countries were retrieved in the Scopus database. Results: A total of 5660 articles originated from South Asia (n = 4718) and Southeast Asia (n = 942). India (n = 4302; 91.2%) was the country publishing most articles on oral cancer in South Asia, and Malaysia (n = 355; 37.7%) was first in Southeast Asia. Tobacco smoking, alcohol consumption, and areca nut as risk factors were common keywords, attention should be paid to them while developing polices for oral cancer control. In India, the most topic including distinctive keywords was diagnostics (sensitivity/specificity, saliva, and predictive value), followed by molecular biology (antioxidants, lipid peroxidation, and glutathione), experimental in vivo (hamster and cheek pouch), and risk factor (smokeless tobacco). In Malaysia, the most topic containing keywords was molecular biology followed by epidemiology and drug research. Conclusion: This study for the first time reported the scientometric characteristics of oral cancer research in South Asia (India) and Southeast Asia (Malaysia). It is essential to improve the public awareness of risk factors control to reduce the oral cancer burden, especially in low-and middle-income countries.

Abstract Tunnel oxide passivated contact (TOPCon) silicon solar cells are rising as a competitive photovoltaic technology, seamlessly blending high efficiency with cost-effectiveness and mass production capabilities. However, the numerous defects from the fragile silicon oxide/c-Si interface and the low field-effect passivation due to the inadequate boron in-diffusion in p-type polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) passivated contact reduce their open-circuit voltages (V OCs), impeding their widespread application in the promising perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells (TSCs) that hold a potential to break 30% module efficiency. To address this, we have developed a highly passivated p-type TOPCon structure by optimizing the oxidation conditions, boron in-diffusion, and aluminium oxide hydrogenation, thus pronouncedly improving the implied V OC (iV OC) of symmetric samples with p-type TOPCon structures on both sides to 715 mV and the V OC of completed double-sided TOPCon bottom cells to 710 mV. Consequently, integrating with perovskite top cells, our proof of concept of 1 cm2 n-i-p perovskite/silicon TSCs exhibit V OCs exceeding 1.9 V and a high efficiency of 28.20% (certified 27.3%), which paves a way for TOPCon cells in the commercialization of future tandems.

[Introduction] Realizing peak carbon dioxide emissions before 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality before 2060 have been identified as important strategic goals for fostering high-quality economic and social development in China. Carbon sink is one of the crucial approaches to achieving carbon neutrality. Effective carbon sink incentive policies are the guarantee for achieving "carbon neutrality". [Method] By sorting out the development of ecosystem carbon sinks both domestically and internationally, the main problems in the development of carbon sinks in China were revealed, and a comprehensive understanding of China's carbon sink projects was established. By studying the mechanism for carbon sink projects to participate in carbon market transactions, channels for reaping benefits were clarified. Furthermore, through comparative analysis and research on pilot experiences, relevant conclusions were drawn by analyzing specific issues. [Result] As shown by the results, the development of carbon sink projects in China is mainly focused on forestry carbon sink, involving fewer other carbon sink projects. With middle-and-short term as the main project cycle, the growth rate of project development has slowed down. There are mainly three problems faced by China's carbon sink development: (1) the limited variety of methodologies and more limitations for developing carbon sink; (2) the long development process and imperfect mechanism; (3) the insignificant incentive effect of the carbon market after development. [Conclusion] The research indicates that China's future work on ecosystem carbon sink still faces huge challenges. To promote the high-quality development of carbon sinks, it remains necessary to expedite the adjustment and upgrading of carbon sink support policies, increase investment in carbon sink technology, and actively develop the “carbon sink +” industry.

Abstract Objectives Creeping fat (CF) is associated with stricture formation in Crohn’s disease (CD). This study evaluated the feasibility of intestinal ultrasound (IUS) for semiquantitative analysis of CF and compared the agreement between IUS and computed tomography enterography (CTE). Methods In this retrospective study, we recruited consecutive CD patients who underwent IUS and CTE. CF wrapping angle was analyzed on the most affected bowel segment and was independently evaluated by IUS and CTE. We evaluated the wrapping angle of CF in the cross- and vertical sections of the diseased bowel. CF wrapping angle was divided into

Abstract This study introduces a novel diagnostic modality for the detection of feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) antibodies in feline serum by using fluorescent microsphere immunochromatographic test strips (FM-ICTS). Leveraging the inherent specificity of antigen-antibody interactions, the FM-ICTS approach demonstrates considerable potential for efficient and accurate FPV antibody detection within a short timeframe. The FM-ICTS method demonstrates strong diagnostic performance, with consistent accuracy and stability over time. PBS buffer dilution enables detection across the range of FPV antibody haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titres in both healthy and immunized or infected cats. A high correlation (R² = 0.9733) between the T/C ratio and FPV antibody titres confirms the method’s effectiveness in quantifying these titres. Clinical validation with 84 samples supports its reliability by matching results with HI assays. Additionally, stability tests show that the test strips maintain performance during storage, with a coefficient of variation (CV) below 12% over three months at 25℃. This innovative FM-ICTS framework emerges as a promising avenue for expedient and dependable disease diagnosis within the realm of veterinary science, offering implications for timely disease management and surveillance.

Abstract Uterine arteriovenous malformation (UAM) is a rare medical condition. Even though UAM can cause abnormal and life-threatening uterine hemorrhage, there is no consensus on the clinical guideline on its treatments, most likely due to its low incidence, unknown etiology, and distinct fertility demands by different patients. Here, we present one elderly woman with uncommon UAM. We first discuss our experience regarding the diagnoses and treatments of UAM and then propose a hypothesis for the pathogenesis of UAM.

Abstract Objective This systematic review examined studies that assessed the relationship between mortality risk and multidimensional frailty. The pooled risk of mortality was estimated via a meta-analysis. Design A systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods A systematic search for potentially eligible literature was conducted on January 2, 2023, using five electronic databases: Web of Science, CINAHL, PubMed, the Cochrane Library and Embase. This review included cohort or longitudinal studies examining the association between multidimensional frailty/prefrailty and mortality in older adults. The quality of the included studies was evaluated via the Quality in Prognosis Studies (QUIPS) tool. Two independent researchers identified eligible studies and extracted the data. The data analyses were performed via STATA, version 15.0. Results A total of 24 studies with 34,664 participants were included. The 24 studies were published between 2012 and 2022, with most studies being performed in Italy (n = 16). The sample sizes of the included studies ranged from 71 to 12,020. Most included studies were conducted in hospital settings. The QUIPS bias assessment results showed that the most frequent source of potential bias was study confounding. The meta-analysis results showed that multidimensional frailty was a significant predictor of mortality (HR = 5.48, 95% CI = 3.91–7.67, p

In the present study, the influence of training on the microstructural evolution, martensitic transformation behavior and mechanical/functional properties of Ti–V–Al–Zr shape memory alloy was investigated systematically. With the increasing of training cycling number, the degree of martensite reorientation became larger and larger. Moreover, higher density of dislocations appeared in the interior of martensite variants, upon the excessive training cycling number was applied. The international stress can be brought into the matrix, which not only promoted to the ω→αˊˊ transition, but also made the martensite phase stabilizer and even suppressed the αˊˊ→β martensitic transformation during training process. The superior mechanical properties including maximum fracture stress of 906 MPa and the higher fracture strain of 33.6% can be obtained in Ti–V–Al–Zr shape memory alloy subjected with the training cycles number of 5th, which can be attributed to the matrix strengthening stemmed from work hardening and suppression of ω precipitation. Meanwhile, the lower critical stress for the martensite variant reorientation and enhanced matrix strength synergistically contributed to the superior strain recovery characteristics with total completely recoverable strain of 6% in Ti–V–Al–Zr shape memory alloy by controlling training cycles number of 5th. Meanwhile, the higher micro-hardness can be obtained by training.

Underground salt cavern CO2 storage (SCCS) offers the dual benefits of enabling extensive CO2 storage and facilitating the utilization of CO2 resources while contributing the regulation of the carbon market. Its economic and operational advantages over traditional carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) projects make SCCS a more cost-effective and flexible option. Despite the widespread use of salt caverns for storing various substances, differences exist between SCCS and traditional salt cavern energy storage in terms of gas-tightness, carbon injection, brine extraction control, long-term carbon storage stability, and site selection criteria. These distinctions stem from the unique phase change characteristics of CO2 and the application scenarios of SCCS. Therefore, targeted and forward-looking scientific research on SCCS is imperative. This paper introduces the implementation principles and application scenarios of SCCS, emphasizing its connections with carbon emissions, carbon utilization, and renewable energy peak shaving. It delves into the operational characteristics and economic advantages of SCCS compared with other CCUS methods, and addresses associated scientific challenges. In this paper, we establish a pressure equation for carbon injection and brine extraction, that considers the phase change characteristics of CO2, and we analyze the pressure during carbon injection. By comparing the viscosities of CO2 and other gases, SCCS’s excellent sealing performance is demonstrated. Building on this, we develop a long-term stability evaluation model and associated indices, which analyze the impact of the injection speed and minimum operating pressure on stability. Field countermeasures to ensure stability are proposed. Site selection criteria for SCCS are established, preliminary salt mine sites suitable for SCCS are identified in China, and an initial estimate of achievable carbon storage scale in China is made at over 51.8–77.7 million tons, utilizing only 20%–30% volume of abandoned salt caverns. This paper addresses key scientific and engineering challenges facing SCCS and determines crucial technical parameters, such as the operating pressure, burial depth, and storage scale, and it offers essential guidance for implementing SCCS projects in China.

Abstract Objective We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the diagnostic value of the electrocardiogram (ECG) method in detecting cardiac amyloidosis (CA) to indicate its clinical application. Methods We searched PubMed, Web of Science, OVID Medline, and Cochrane Library databases for clinical trials assessing the diagnostic performance of ECG in detecting CA. We employed the risk ratio and 95% confidence interval (CI) to explicit estimates. QUADAS-2 was applied to evaluate the bias risk and the clinical applicability of the included studies. Reviewer Manager (RevMan) 5.3 and Stata 16.0 were employed to complete all statistical analyses. Results This meta-analysis included ten studies (N = 6353 patients). Overall, the findings of the study exposed that, for CA patients in whom the ECG method was used, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.49 and 0.91, respectively. The positive likelihood ratio (LR) and negative LR were 5.17 and 0.57, respectively. The diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and diagnostic score of the ECG in detecting CA were 9.11 and 2.21. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.83(95% CI = 0.79–0.86). The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) curve further confirmed the diagnostic accuracy of the ECG, demonstrating a high prediction and confidence interval for the pooled estimate. No significant publication bias was detected, as confirmed by funnel plot analysis. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that the pooled estimates for ECG remained stable after the exclusion of individual studies, underscoring the robustness of the findings. The combined DOR and diagnostic score were 9.11 and 2.21, respectively. Conclusions ECM has low sensitivity and high specificity in the diagnosis of CA. AUC > 0.5, indicating that ECM has accuracy and diagnostic value in the diagnosis of CA to some extent.

Abstract Background Adipose tissue affects not only the meat quality of domestic animals, but also human health. Adipocyte differentiation is regulated by a series of regulatory genes and cyclins. Four and half-LIM protein (FHL2) is positively correlated with the hypertrophy of adipocytes and can cause symptoms such as obesity and diabetes. Result In the transcriptome sequencing analysis of intramuscular adipocytes after three days of differentiation, the differentially expressed gene FHL2 was found. To further explore the biological significance of the differentially expressed gene FHL2, which was downregulated in the mature adipocytes. We revealed the function of FHL2 in adipogenesis through the acquisition and loss of function of FHL2. The results showed that the overexpression of FHL2 significantly increased the expression of adipogenic genes (PPARγ, C/EBPβ) and the differentiation of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes. However, silencing FHL2 significantly inhibited adipocyte differentiation. The overexpression of FHL2 increased the number of adipocytes stained with crystal violet and increased the mRNA expression of proliferation marker genes such as CCNE, PCNA, CCND and CDK2. In addition, it significantly increased the rate of EdU positive cells. In terms of apoptosis, overexpression of FHL2 significantly inhibited the expression of P53 and BAX in both intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocytes, which are involved in cell apoptosis. However, overexpression of FHL2 promoted the expression of BCL, but was rescued by the silencing of FHL2. Conclusions In summary, FHL2 may be a positive regulator of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocyte differentiation and proliferation, and acts as a negative regulator of intramuscular and subcutaneous adipocyte apoptosis. These findings provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent elucidation of FHL2 in adipocytes.

Abstract Spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) play a crucial role in the male reproductive system, responsible for maintaining continuous spermatogenesis. The microenvironment or niche of SSCs is a key factor in regulating their self-renewal, differentiation and spermatogenesis. This microenvironment consists of multiple cell types, extracellular matrix, growth factors, hormones and other molecular signals that interact to form a complex regulatory network. This review aims to provide an overview of the main components of the SSCs microenvironment, explore how they regulate the fate decisions of SSCs, and discuss the potential impact of microenvironmental abnormalities on male reproductive health. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is still one of the most prevalent malignancies. Interleukin factors are closely associated with the initiation and progression of cancer. However, the relationship between interleukin factors and LUAD has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to use Mendelian randomization (MR) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses to identify the interleukin factors associated with the onset and progression of LUAD. Methods Exposure-related instrumental variables were selected from interleukin factor summary datasets. The LUAD summary dataset from FINGENE served as the outcome. MR and sensitivity analyses were conducted to screen for interleukin factors associated with LUAD occurrence. Transcriptome analyses revealed the role of interleukin factors in lung tissues. The results were validated through Western blotting and further confirmed with driver gene-negative patients from multiple centers. Potential mechanisms influencing LUAD occurrence and development were explored using bulk RNA-seq and single-cell RNA-seq data. Results MR analysis indicated that elevated plasma levels of IL6RB, IL27RA, IL22RA1, and IL16 are causally associated with increased LUAD risk, while IL18R1 and IL11RA exhibit the opposite effect. Transcriptome analyses revealed that IL11RA, IL18R1, and IL16 were downregulated in tumor tissues compared with normal lung tissue, but only higher expression of IL11RA correlated with improved prognosis in patients with LUAD from different centers and persisted even in driver-gene negative patients. The IL11RA protein level was lower in various LUAD cell lines than in human bronchial epithelial cells. The genes co-expressed with IL11RA were enriched in the Ras signaling pathway and glycosylation processes. Fibroblasts were the primary IL11RA-expressing cell population, with IL11RA+fibroblasts exhibiting a more immature state. The genes differentially expressed between IL11RA+and IL11RA- fibroblasts were involved in the PI3K-Akt/TNF signaling pathway. Conclusion According to the MR and transcriptome analyses, the downregulation of IL11RA was closely related to the occurrence and development of LUAD. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury is a kind of injury caused by external violence on the head. Its danger is not limited to life rescue in the early stage of the disease. Moreover, the subsequent inflammatory reaction and the change in its oxidative stress level will cause secondary myocardial injury. The purpose of this study is to explore the myocardial protective effect of ozone autohemotherapy (OA) in the progression of acute traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods Forty patients with acute TBI were recruited and divided into The treatment group (Group OA, n = 18) and the Control group (Group C, n = 19). Patients in Group OA received OA before surgery and on the 1st and 2nd postoperative days, while patients in Group C underwent autologous blood transfusion. Venous blood was collected from all patients before (T0) and after 7 days (T1) days of surgery for measurement of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). At T0 and T1, transthoracic cardiac ultrasound was performed to measure left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), and venous blood was sampled to determine the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA). NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores were calculated, and other clinical indexes were recorded. Results (1) The levels of cTnT at T1 were significantly higher as compared with that at T0 in both groups (p

Abstract Background A persistent redox state and excessive reactive species involved in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism lead to oxidative damage in the liver, however, how fasting plasma concentrations of lipids and glucose are associated with fasting blood levels of alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST) remains to be evaluated in large-scale population. Methods A cross-sectional study with 182,971 residents aged 18 to 92 years; multidimensional stratified analyses including quantile linear regression analysis and sex stratification were adopted to improve the quality of the evidence. Results The associations between the concentrations of non-HDL-C and triglyceride and ALT levels were positive, stronger in males in each quantile of ALT levels and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 3.610 and 5.678 in males and 2.977 and 5.165 in females, respectively. The associations between the HDL-C concentrations and ALT levels were negative, also stronger in males in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of -7.839 in females and − 5.797 in males. The associations between glucose concentrations and ALT levels were positive, but stronger in females in each quantile and the coefficients expanded with increasing ALT levels at slopes of 1.736 in males and 2.177 in females, respectively. Similar pattern consist of relatively weaker coefficients and slops were observed between concentrations of non-HDL-C, triglyceride and glucose and AST levels. The associations between albumin concentration and concentrations of blood lipids and glucose were relatively steady across all quantiles. Conclusions The dose dependent effect between blood concentrations of lipids and glucose and liver function changes suggests that excessive carbohydrate and lipid metabolism may cause subclinical liver damage. Long term sustained primary and secondary inflammatory factors produced in the liver might be transmitted to adjacent organs, such as the heart, kidneys, and lungs, to cause and/or exacerbate pathological changes in these visceral organs.

Abstract Introduction In the current study, we screened for highly sensitive and specific predictors of premature birth, with the aim to establish an sPTB prediction model that is suitable for women in China and easy to operate and popularize, as well as to establish a sPTB prediction scoring system for early, intuitive, and effective assessment of premature birth risk. Methods A total of 685 pregnant women with a single pregnancy during the second trimester (16–26 weeks) were divided into premature and non-premature delivery groups based on their delivery outcomes. Clinical and ultrasound information were collected for both groups, and risk factors that could lead to sPTB in pregnant women were screened and analyzed using a cut-off value. A nomogram was developed to establish a prediction model and scoring system for sPTB. In addition, 119 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria for the modeling cohort were included in the external validation of the model. The accuracy and consistency of the model were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and C-calibration curves. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a significant correlation (P

In PMSM motor drive systems, control accuracy and resistance have always been the most important challenges for researchers. This paper addresses these two challenges and presents a control structure that makes the system performance robust against model uncertainties of system disturbances as well as sudden load changes. In other words, in this paper, an improved MPC controller has been presented, in which model uncertainties and possible disturbances on the system are considered during design. In addition, in order to apply the physical limitations of the electric motor during the design of this improved controller, the input limitations of the system have also been considered. Therefore, the desired MPC controller is a resistant and constrained MPC, it is resistant to uncertainties and disturbances. In addition, in order to further strengthen the control loop against sudden load changes, a sliding estimator has also been designed to estimate the load torque. This estimator itself is also resistant to the uncertainties of the model, which makes the entire control structure have a very robust performance. The performance of the method presented in this article has been compared with a conventional sliding method during a series of practical tests. The results showed that the proposed method has a higher accuracy of 3 rpm and a shorter convergence time of 2 seconds.

Abstract Discinaceae holds significant importance within the Pezizales, representing a prominent group of macroascomycetes distributed globally. However, there is a dearth of genomic studies focusing on this family, resulting in gaps in our understanding of its evolution, development, and ecology. Here we utilized state-of-the-art genome assembly methodologies, incorporating third-generation single-molecule fluorescence and Hi-C-assisted methods, to elucidate the genomic landscapes of Gyromitra esculenta and Paragyromitra xinjiangensis. The genome sizes of two species were determined to be 47.10 Mb and 48.20 Mb, with 23 and 22 scaffolds, respectively. 10,438 and 11,469 coding proteins were identified, with functional annotations encompassing over 96.47% and 94.40%, respectively. Assessment of completeness using BUSCO revealed that 98.71% and 98.89% of the conserved proteins were identified. The application of comparative genomic technology has helped in identifying traits associated with of heterothallic life cycle traits and elucidating unique patterns of chromosomal evolution. Additionally, we identified potential saprotrophic nutritional modes and systematic phylogenetic relationships between the two species. Therefore, this study provides crucial genomic insights into the evolution, nutritional type, and ecological roles of species within the Pezizales.

Abstract Background Toxoplasmosis, caused by Toxoplasma gondii , poses serious health issues for humans and animals. Individuals with impaired immune systems are more susceptible to severe toxoplasmosis. Pregnant women infected by T. gondii can face the possibility of birth defects and miscarriages. While pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine are commonly used drugs in clinical practice, concerns over their side effects and resistance are on the rise. A spider peptide XYP1 isolated from Lycosa coelestis had potent anti-T. gondii effects, but it had a high synthesis cost and strong cytotoxicity. Methods This study intended to modify XYP1 for producing derived peptides via amino acid truncation and substitution. The anti-T. gondii effect was evaluated by trypan blue staining assay and killing experiment of RH strain tachyzoites. The CCK8 and hemolysis assays were used to compare their safeties. The morphological changes of T. gondii were observed by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope. In addition, the mechanism of XYP1 against T. gondii through RNA-sequencing was further explored. Results In vivo and in vitro experiments revealed that XYP1-18 and XYP1-18-1 had excellent anti-T. gondii activity with lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity than XYP1. XYP1, XYP1-18, and XYP1-18-1 were able to disrupt the surface membrane integrity of T. gondii tachyzoites, forming pores and causing the disruption of organelles. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis indicated that XYP1 could stimulate the host immune response to effectively eliminate T. gondii and lessen the host’s inflammatory reaction. Conclusions XYP1-18 had lower cytotoxicity and hemolysis activity than XYP1, as well as significantly extending the survival time of the mice. XYP1 played a role in host inflammation and immune responses, revealing its potential mechanism. Our research provided valuable insights into the development and application of peptide-based drugs, offering novel strategies and directions for treating toxoplasmosis. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Numerous geothermal systems are hosted by extensional rifts that transect the Himalayas and Lhasa block in the Himalayan–Tibetan orogen. However, the relationships between hydrogeological processes and geothermal fluid circulation in different tectonic units remain unclear. Here, we report an integrated dataset of chemical and isotopic compositions (including major and trace elements, δD, δ18O, and 87Sr/86Sr) of thermal spring water from the Tingri-Tangra Yumco rift to assess their origins and circulation processes. δ18O (− 21.3 to − 17.0‰) and δD (− 166 to − 135‰) values of thermal springs indicate dominant recharge of meteoric waters from areas with elevation of > 6000 m and minor addition of magmatic fluids. Meteoric water could infiltrate to depths of about 1700–2900 m along the faults, whereby it is influenced by geothermal gradient and/or conductive heat transfer of magmatic fluids. The thermal spring waters are mainly Na-HCO3 type and are controlled by dissolution of silicate and carbonate minerals and mixing with deep fluids. The results of chemical and multicomponent geothermometers indicate reservoir temperatures of 115 − 195 ℃, corresponding to a convection heat flux of 3.96 × 105 J/s to 1.78 × 107 J/s from geothermal systems, which are comparable to that of the low-enthalpy geothermal systems in southern Italy. Geochemical modeling is conducted to assess the water–mineral equilibria in the reservoir. Trace elements and 87Sr/86Sr data suggest spatially variable controlling factors for the rift-related geothermal systems: (1) interaction with granitoid and carbonate in the Himalayas; (2) cold groundwater mixing with that leaching from granite and volcanic rocks in the Lhasa block; (3) the input of vapors from magmatic degassing. The geochemistry of thermal springs associated with extensional rift is largely induced by the interaction between fluid and different reservoir rocks in the Himalayas and Lhasa block. Based on these findings, a genetic model is proposed for exploration and development of geothermal resources in the Tingri-Tangra Yumco rift.

Abstract To select the core target (RAB13) in sepsis patients’ peripheral blood and investigate its molecular functions and possible mechanisms. The peripheral blood of sepsis patients (n = 21) and healthy individuals (n = 9) within 24 h after admission were collected for RNA-seq, and differential gene screening was performed by iDEP online analysis software (P

Abstract Glioma is the most aggressive intracranial malignancy and is associated with poor survival rates and limited quality of life, impairing neuropsychological function and cognitive competence in survivors. The Proteasome Subunit Alpha Type-5 (PSMA5) is a multicatalytic proteinase complex that has been linked with tumor progression but is rarely reported in glioma. This study investigates the expression pattern, prognostic characteristics, and potential biological functions of PSMA5 in glioma. PSMA5 was significantly overexpressed in 28 types of cancer when compared to normal tissue. Furthermore, elevated levels of PSMA5 were observed in patients with wild-type isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and exhibited a positive correlation with tumor grade. It was also found to be a standalone predictor of outcomes in glioma patients. Additionally, inhibiting PSMA5-induced cell cycle arrest may provide a therapeutic option for glioma.

Understanding the influence mechanism of microstructures and inclusions during heat treatment on the corrosion resistance of L-PBF 316L stainless steel (SS) is crucial for steel quality control and subsequent industrial application. In this study, the evolution of microstructure, inclusions and passive film in the L-PBF 316L SS during heat treatment at the temperature of 1000 °C and 1200 °C for 2 h, including crystal characteristics, dislocation density, passivation film composition and so on, were characterized by electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The corrosion resistance of L-PBF 316L SS samples was evaluated by Tafel test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test. The corrosion mechanisms of L-PBF 316L SS before and after heat treatment were clarified to elucidate the intrinsic effect of microstructure and inclusions on the corrosion resistance of the steel. Results showed that the heat treatment conducted at 1200 °C effectively reduced the number of grain boundaries and induced a substantial number of Σ3 twin grain boundaries in the L-PBF 316L SS, thereby efficiently impeding the precipitation of detrimental phases and reducing corrosion susceptibility at the grain boundaries. Meanwhile, the recrystallization-induced rearrangement of dislocations and the homogenization of grains effectively facilitated the growth of passivation film, thereby increasing the corrosion resistance of HT1200 sample. Additionally, the increase of MoO3 content compensated for the detrimental impact on the stability of the passivation film resulting from the reduction in chromium oxide content. Transformation from the MnO–SiO2–Cr2O3 inclusions in the as-built sample to the SiO2 inclusions in the HT1200 sample would also retard the penetration of corrosive ions into the steel matrix.

Controlling continuous cooling is an important means to control the most important mechanical properties of bainitic steel for frogs in railroad applications. In this paper, a bainitic steel for railway frogs is taken as the research object. By designing different cooling rates in the bainitic transformation medium temperature region, the effect of cooling rate on fatigue crack propagation rate was studied. The results show the sample of 4 °C/s cooling rate exhibits higher strength and impact toughness, while the crack propagation rate near the threshold is significantly lower and the threshold is relatively higher at 0.1 °C/s cooling rate. This is related to the fact that more massive blocky retained austenite and coarse microstructure in the sample at 0.1 °C/s cooling rate are more favorable to the occurrence of crack closure effect, especially in the near-threshold region. The fatigue crack propagation rate of the tested steel in the stable propagation region at 4 °C/s cooling rate is slightly higher than that at 0.1 °C/s. This is related to its complex interface distribution characteristics. However, with the increase of Δ K, the tested steel at 0.1 °C/s cooling rate tends to preferentially fail, which is related to its poor toughness.

Abstract Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is an aggressive rare subtype of kidney cancer with unmet clinical needs. Little is known about its underlying molecular alterations and etiology, primarily due to its rarity, and lack of preclinical models. This study aims to comprehensively characterize molecular alterations in CDC and identify its therapeutic vulnerabilities. Through whole-exome and transcriptome sequencing, we identified KRAS hotspot mutations (G12A/D/V) in 3/13 (23%) of the patients, in addition to known TP53, NF2 mutations. 3/13 (23%) patients carried a mutational signature (SBS22) caused by aristolochic acid (AA) exposures, known to be more prevalent in Asia, highlighting a geologically specific disease etiology. We further discovered that cell cycle-related pathways were the most predominantly dysregulated pathways. Our drug screening with our newly established CDC preclinical models identified a CDK9 inhibitor LDC000067 that specifically inhibited CDC tumor growth and prolonged survival. Our study not only improved our understanding of oncogenic molecular alterations of Asian CDC, but also identified cell-cycle machinery as a therapeutic vulnerability, laying the foundation for clinical trials to treat patients with such aggressive cancer.

Abstract Background In this study, we aimed to evaluate the clinical utility of Metagenomic Next-Generation sequencing (mNGS) on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in diagnosis of Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTIs). Methods In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 186 hospitalized patients who were suspected with LRTIs and performed mNGS (DNA) test of BALF simultaneously at The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University from March 2023 to August 2023. Suspected LRTI was based on LRTI related clinical manifestations or imaging examination. Among them, 155 patients had undergone conventional culture and mNGS (DNA) testing simultaneously. Finally, 138 cases (89.03%,138/155) were diagnosed as LRTI and 17 cases (10.97%,17/155) were diagnosed as non-LRTI. Both detecting rate and diagnostic efficacy of mNGS and conventional culture were compared. Results The positive detection rates of pathogens between mNGS and conventional culture were significant different (81.29% VS 39.35%, P 0.05). Furthermore, 77.54% and 35.51% of LRTI cases were being etiologically diagnosed by mNGS and culture respectively. Importantly, mNGS directly led to a change of treatment regimen in 58 (37.42%) cases, including antibiotic adjustment (29.68%) and ruling out active infection (7.74%). Moreover, treatment regimen remained unchanged in 97 (62.58%) cases, considering the current antibiotic therapy already covered the detected pathogens (36.13%) or empirical treatment was effective (11.61%). Conclusions mNGS can identify a wide range of pathogens in LRTIs, with improved sensitivity and being more superior at diagnosing LRTIs etiologically. mNGS has the potential to enhance clinical outcomes by optimizing the treatment regimens.

Abstract Background Plerocercoid larvae of the tapeworm Spirometra mansoni can infect both humans and animals, leading to severe parasitic zoonosis worldwide. Despite ongoing research efforts, our understanding of the developmental process of S. mansoni remains inadequate. To better characterize posttranslational regulation associated with parasite growth, development, and reproduction, a comparative phosphoproteomic study was conducted on the plerocercoid and adult stages of S. mansoni. Methods In this study, site-specific phosphoproteomic analysis was conducted via 4D label-free quantitative analysis technology to obtain primary information about the overall phosphorylation status of plerocercoids and adults. Results A total of 778 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) were detected between adults and plerocercoids, of which 704 DAPs were upregulated and only 74 were downregulated. DAPs involved in metabolic activity were upregulated in plerocercoid larvae compared with adults, whereas DAPs associated with binding were upregulated in adults. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes (KEGG) analyses indicated that most DAPs involved in signal transduction and environmental information processing pathways were highly active in adults. DAPs upregulated in the plerocercoid group were enriched mainly in metabolic activities. The kinases PKACA, GSK3B, and smMLCK closely interact, suggesting potential active roles in the growth and development of S. mansoni. Conclusions The dataset presented in this study offers a valuable resource for forthcoming research on signaling pathways as well as new insights into functional studies on the molecular mechanisms of S. mansoni. Graphical abstract

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) poses challenges for targeted delivery and retention of therapeutic proteins due to excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we present a new approach to treat MASH, termed “Fibrosis overexpression and retention (FORT)”. In this strategy, we design (1) retinoid-derivative lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to enable enhanced mRNA overexpression in fibrotic regions, and (2) mRNA modifications which facilitate anchoring of therapeutic proteins in ECM. LNPs containing carboxyl-retinoids, rather than alcohol- or ester-retinoids, effectively deliver mRNA with over 10-fold enhancement of protein expression in fibrotic livers. The carboxyl-retinoid rearrangement on the LNP surface improves protein binding and membrane fusion. Therapeutic proteins are then engineered with an endogenous collagen-binding domain. These fusion proteins exhibit increased retention in fibrotic lesions and reduced systemic toxicity. In vivo, fibrosis-targeting LNPs encoding fusion proteins demonstrate superior therapeutic efficacy in three clinically relevant male-animal MASH models. This approach holds promise in fibrotic diseases unsuited for protein injection.

Abstract Background The built environment, as a critical factor influencing residents' cardiovascular health, has a significant potential impact on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Methods Taking Xixiangtang District in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region of China as a case study, we utilized the geographic location information of CVD patients, detailed road network data, and urban points of interest (POI) data. Kernel density estimation (KDE) and spatial autocorrelation analysis were specifically employed to identify the spatial distribution patterns, spatial clustering, and spatial correlations of built environment elements and diseases. The GeoDetector method (GDM) was used to assess the impact of environmental factors on diseases, and geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis was adopted to reveal the spatial heterogeneity effect of environmental factors on CVD risk. Results The results indicate that the built environment elements and CVDs samples exhibit significant clustering characteristics in their spatial distribution, with a positive correlation between the distribution density of environmental elements and the incidence of CVDs (Moran’s I > 0, p

Abstract Ambidextrous search behaviors that jointly looking for technological and market knowledge gain attention in the innovation management literature. This study treats the ambidextrous search behaviors as a technology-market search paradox and examines the effect of organizational slack on the paradox and further explore whether this paradox has synergistic effects on performance in high-tech small medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Besides, by integrating the literature of ambidextrous search and strategic management, we seek to understand the roles of strategic orientations, including growth-oriented and profit-oriented, in SMEs’ technology-market search paradox. Based on panel data of 547 high-tech SMEs, we find that organizational slack promotes both technology and market search, and ambidextrous search separately enhance high-tech SMEs’ performance, while the interaction of technology search and market search is negatively related to performance. Further, a growth-oriented strategy positively moderates the link between organizational slack and ambidextrous search and a profit-oriented strategy reinforces the relationship between organizational slack and technology search. We further enrich search-related and strategic literature.

Abstract Expressway networks are continuously developing and emergency rescue demand is increasing proportionately. The location of expressway emergency rescue nodes needs refinement to meet changing requirements. In this study, the expressway was modeled as an expressway network. The differences in the origin destination (OD) distribution matrices for working days and major holidays were used as the bases for determining the need for temporary emergency rescue nodes. Overlapping and non-overlapping community detection algorithms were used to extract the distribution characteristics of OD during both day categories. These distributions were used to determine permanent and temporary emergency rescue sites. In this study, we considered the differences in traffic volume, distance, and impact of four vehicle types on traffic accidents to select the location of emergency rescue nodes, and allocate emergency resources. An emergency rescue node selection model for an expressway network was established based on spatio-temporal characteristics. The results based on a regional example determined that 22 permanent and 25 temporary emergency rescue nodes were appropriate. The average rescue time for traffic accidents during working days and major holidays compared to the P-center location model, was reduced by approximately 27.08% and 6.70%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of emergency rescue time was reduced by approximately 28.22% and 21.41%, respectively. The results indicated that the model satisfied the expressway emergency rescue demand requirements, and improved the rationality of the rescue center node layout.

Abstract Background The relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied, but the role of biological aging in this relationship remains poorly understood. This study is dedicated to investigating the effect of periodontitis on the incidence of CVD and to elucidating the potential mediating role of biological aging. Furthermore, this study will seek to elucidate the causal association between periodontitis, CVD, and biological aging. Methods We included 3269 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2014) with diagnostic information on periodontitis and composite CVD events. Biological aging was evaluated by utilizing both the Klemera–Doubal method’s calculated biological age (KDMAge) and phenotypic age (PhenoAge). Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis were used for data analysis. Mediation analysis was employed to explore the mediating role of biological aging. Subsequently, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using genome-wide association study databases to explore potential causal relationships between periodontitis, CVD, and biological aging. Results Periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of CVD. Participants with periodontitis were found to have increased levels of biological aging, and elevated levels of biological aging were associated with increased CVD risk. Mediation analyses showed a partial mediating effect of biological aging (PhenoAge: 44.6%; KDMAge: 22.9%) between periodontitis and CVD risk. MR analysis showed that periodontitis played a causal role in increasing the risk of small vessel stroke, while myocardial infarction was found to increase the risk of periodontitis. In addition, reverse MR analysis showed that phenotypic aging can increase the risk of periodontitis, and there is a two-way causal relationship between CVD and biological aging. Conclusions Periodontitis is associated with an increased CVD risk, partially mediated by biological aging, with a complex causal interrelationship. Targeted interventions for periodontal health may slow the biological aging processes and reduce CVD risk.

Abstract Background There are many options for the surgical treatment of pronation external rotation (PER) type IV ankle fractures, including the use of fibular plates and screws, the aim of this study was to investigate the biomechanical stability and safety of different internal fixation methods for PER type IV ankle fractures via finite element analysis. Methods A three-dimensional finite element model of the ankle joint and the whole foot of a healthy 26-years-old adult male was established and validated based on computed tomography images of his lower limb, and a computer-aided design was used to produce a PER type IV ankle fracture and plate and screw model. Four different internal fixation modes were simulated, including a (all ankle fixation—utilizing a fibular plate and screws for comprehensive stabilization of the ankle), b (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + all ankle fixation), c (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + unfixed anterior ankle), and d (inferior tibiofibular joint fixation + unfixed anterior and posterior ankles). The results of the four different fixation methods were compared via finite element analysis, and the von Mises stresses. The displacements of the four different fixation methods were analyzed as the output indices. Results There were no significant differences between the results of using fibular plates and screws and the displacement of fracture breaks among the four internal fixation modalities. The von Mises stress in the tibiotalar joint, median ankle, posterior ankle, and anterior ankle was minimized in the working condition of d, d, b, and d respectively. The von Mises stress in the fibular plate and screws was minimized in the working condition of a. The von Mises stress in the distal fibula was minimized in the working condition of a. However, the stress was mainly concentrated at the attachment point of the inferior tibiofibular anterior ligament, and in the working condition with inferior tibiofibular joint fixation, the stress was significantly concentrated in the inferior tibiofibular joint screw in all the fibular plates and screws. Conclusions The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of using finite element analysis to compare the biomechanical stability and safety of four configurations of fibular plates and screws for treating PER type IV ankle fractures. All four modalities provided comparable biomechanical stability and safety, showing no significant differences. However, the current limitations of the finite element analysis methodology preclude specific clinical inferences. Further refinement of the methodology in future studies is necessary to enable reliable clinical applications.

Abstract Ischemic stroke poses significant challenges in terms of mortality and disability rates globally. A key obstacle to the successful treatment of ischemic stroke lies in the limited efficacy of administering therapeutic agents. Leveraging the unique properties of nanoparticles for brain targeting and crossing the blood–brain barrier, researchers have engineered diverse nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems to improve the therapeutic outcomes of ischemic stroke. This review provides a concise overview of the pathophysiological mechanisms implicated in ischemic stroke, encompassing oxidative stress, glutamate excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and cell death, to elucidate potential targets for nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems. Furthermore, the review outlines the classification of nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems according to these distinct physiological processes. This categorization aids in identifying the attributes and commonalities of nanoparticles that target specific pathophysiological pathways in ischemic stroke, thereby facilitating the advancement of nanomedicine development. The review discusses the potential benefits and existing challenges associated with employing nanoparticles in the treatment of ischemic stroke, offering new perspectives on designing efficacious nanoparticles to enhance ischemic stroke treatment outcomes. Graphical Abstract

Based on the production curves, changes in hydrocarbon composition and quantities over time, and production systems from key trial production wells in lacustrine shale oil areas in China, fine fraction cutting experiments and molecular dynamics numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the effects of changes in shale oil composition on macroscopic fluidity. The concept of “component flow” for shale oil was proposed, and the formation mechanism and conditions of component flow were discussed. The research reveals findings in four aspects. First, a miscible state of light, medium and heavy hydrocarbons form within micropores/nanopores of underground shale according to similarity and intermiscibility principles, which make components with poor fluidity suspended as molecular aggregates in light and medium hydrocarbon solvents, such as heavy hydrocarbons, thereby decreasing shale oil viscosity and enhancing fluidity and outflows. Second, small-molecule aromatic hydrocarbons act as carriers for component flow, and the higher the content of gaseous and light hydrocarbons, the more conducive it is to inhibit the formation of larger aggregates of heavy components such as resin and asphalt, thus increasing their plastic deformation ability and bringing about better component flow efficiency. Third, higher formation temperatures reduce the viscosity of heavy hydrocarbon components, such as wax, thereby improving their fluidity. Fourth, preservation conditions, formation energy, and production system play important roles in controlling the content of light hydrocarbon components, outflow rate, and forming stable “component flow”, which are crucial factors for the optimal compatibility and maximum flow rate of multi-component hydrocarbons in shale oil. The component flow of underground shale oil is significant for improving single-well production and the cumulative ultimate recovery of shale oil.

The classification and identification of species in Populus has remained a formidable challenge due to widespread interspecies hybridization. The complete chloroplast genome of Populus maximowiczii was obtained by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology, with a typical quadripartite structure and 37.0% GC content. The chloroplast genome of P. maximowiczii was 156,892 in length, including a large single-copy region (LSC: 84,988 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC: 16,630 bp), and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs: each 27,637 bp in length). A total of 131 genes were annotated, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNAs, and 8 rRNAs. The phylogenetic analysis indicated that 43 species belonging to Populus were classified into monophyly, with P. cathayana being the closest relatives to P. maximowiczii. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into understanding the phylogeny of Populus.

Abstract In order to improve the measurement accuracy of mutual inductance parameters of transmission lines in the environment of double circuit power lines without power outage, this paper establishes simulation models for measuring mutual inductance parameters of transmission lines using the different frequency method in two modes: equal and unequal zero sequence self‐parameters of two circuit lines, using a parallel zero sequence coupling model of double circuit power lines. In the article, simulation analysis is conducted on the line parameters with a coupling coefficient between 0.4 and 0.6 and a line length of 20–50 km. In order to further verify the correctness of the simulation model and measurement methods, a test bench was established based on the principle of line mutual inductance parameter testing in a laboratory dual circuit line without a power outage environment for experimental testing. By comparing the test values under experimental conditions with the standard values, it has been proven that the model and method can meet the actual measurement requirements of engineering.

Abstract Objectives Hepatitis B is a liver disease caused by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and is highly prevalent in China. To better understand the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis B in China and develop effective disease control strategies, we employed temporal and spatial statistical methods. Methods We obtained HBV incidence data from the Public Health Science Data Center of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention for the years 2006 to 2018. Using Geographic Information System (GIS) and SaTScan scanning technology, we conducted spatial autocorrelation analysis and spatiotemporal scan analysis to create a map and visualize the distribution of hepatitis B incidence. Results While hepatitis B incidence rebounded in 2011 and 2017, the overall incidence in China decreased.In the trend analysis by item, the incidence varies from high to low. The global spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed a clustered distribution, and the Moran index analysis of spatial autocorrelation within local regions identified five provinces as H-H clusters (hot spots), while one province was an L-L cluster (cold spot). Spatial scan analysis identified 11 significant spatial clusters. Conclusions We found significant clustering in the spatial distribution of hepatitis B incidence and positive spatial correlation of hepatitis B incidence in China. We also identified high-risk times and regional clusters of hepatitis B incidence.

Abstract Background Madelung’s disease (MD), alternatively referred to as benign symmetric lipomatosis, multiple symmetric lipomatosis, or Launois–Bensaude syndrome, is an uncommon benign disorder marked by symmetric proliferation of adipose tissue in the head, neck, and torso regions. Case description In this case, the patient was a female with the late middle-aged demographic, diagnosed with Type I MD. Notably, she exhibited no prior history of alcohol consumption, and there was no family history of MD. Subsequent to the clinical diagnosis, the patient underwent medical imaging assessments to delineate the surgical parameters. Post-surgery, she demonstrated a favorable recovery trajectory, marked by the absence of any surgical complications. Result The patient underwent successful surgical excision of the lipomatous mass. Postoperatively, she had an uneventful recovery with no complications and no recurrence observed during the follow-up period of seven months. Conclusion Timely diagnosis and early surgical intervention play a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of life for individuals with MD. Preoperative medical imaging examinations function as highly effective tools, contributing to heightened surgical safety and a decreased probability of encountering complications during the surgical procedure.

Abstract Shrews being insectivores, serve as natural reservoirs for a wide array of zoonotic viruses, including the recently discovered Langya henipavirus (LayV) in China in 2018. It is crucial to understand the shrew-associated virome, viral diversity, and new viruses. In the current study, we conducted high-throughput sequencing on lung samples obtained from 398 shrews captured along the eastern coast of China, and characterized the high-depth virome of 6 common shrew species (Anourosorex squamipes, Crocidura lasiura, Crocidura shantungensis, Crocidura tanakae, Sorex caecutiens, and Suncus murinus). Our analysis revealed numerous shrew-associated viruses comprising 54 known viruses and 72 new viruses that significantly enhance our understanding of mammalian viruses. Notably, 34 identified viruses possess spillover-risk potential and six were human pathogenic viruses: LayV, influenza A virus (H5N6), rotavirus A, rabies virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, and rat hepatitis E virus. Moreover, ten previously unreported viruses in China were discovered, six among them have spillover-risk potential. Additionally, all 54 known viruses and 12 new viruses had the ability to cross species boundaries. Our data underscore the diversity of shrew-associated viruses and provide a foundation for further studies into tracing and predicting emerging infectious diseases originated from shrews.

Abstract Background Dendrobium Sw. represents one of the most expansive genera within the Orchidaceae family, renowned for its species’ high medicinal and ornamental value. In higher plants, the ankyrin (ANK) repeat protein family is characterized by a unique ANK repeat domain, integral to a plethora of biological functions and biochemical activities. The ANK gene family plays a pivotal role in various plant physiological processes, including stress responses, hormone signaling, and growth. Hence, investigating the ANK gene family and identifying disease-resistance genes in Dendrobium is of paramount importance. Results This research identified 78 ANK genes in Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo, 77 in Dendrobium nobile Lindl., and 58 in Dendrobium chrysotoxum Lindl. Subsequently, we conducted comprehensive bioinformatics analyses on these ANK gene families, encompassing gene classification, chromosomal localization, phylogenetic relationships, gene structure and motif characterization, cis-acting regulatory element identification, collinearity assessment, protein-protein interaction network construction, and gene expression profiling. Concurrently, three DoANK genes (DoANK14, DoANK19, and DoANK47) in D. officinale were discerned to indirectly activate the NPR1 transcription factor in the ETI system via SA, thereby modulating the expression of the antibacterial PR gene. Hormonal treatments with GA3 and ABA revealed that 17 and 8 genes were significantly up-regulated, while 4 and 8 genes were significantly down-regulated, respectively. DoANK32 was found to localize to the ArfGAP gene in the endocytosis pathway, impacting vesicle transport and the polar movement of auxin. Conclusion Our findings provide a robust framework for the taxonomic classification, evolutionary analysis, and functional prediction of Dendrobium ANK genes. The three highlighted ANK genes (DoANK14, DoANK19, and DoANK47) from D. officinale may prove valuable in disease resistance and stress response research. DoANK32 is implicated in the morphogenesis and development of D. officinale through its role in vesicular transport and auxin polarity, with subcellular localization studies confirming its presence in the nucleus and cell membrane. ANK genes displaying significant expression changes in response to hormonal treatments could play a crucial role in the hormonal response of D. officinale, potentially inhibiting its growth and development through the modulation of plant hormones such as GA3 and ABA.

Abstract Terbinafine, fluconazole, and amorolfine inhibit fungal ergosterol synthesis by acting on their target enzymes at different steps in the synthetic pathway, causing the accumulation of various intermediates. We found that the effects of these three in- hibitors on yeast morphology were different. The number of morphological parameters commonly altered by these drugs was only approximately 6% of the total. Using a rational strategy to find commonly changed parameters,we focused on hidden essential similarities in the phenotypes possibly due to decreased ergosterol levels. This resulted in higher apparent morphological similarity. Improvements in morphological similarity were observed even when canonical correlation analysis was used to select biologically meaningful morphological parameters related to gene function. In addition to changes in cell morphology, we also observed differences in the synergistic effects among the three inhibitors and in their fungicidal effects against pathogenic fungi possibly due to the accumulation of different intermediates. This study provided a comprehensive understanding of the properties of inhibitors acting in the same biosynthetic pathway.

Abstract Histone lysine methyltransferase 2D (KMT2D) is the most frequently mutated epigenetic modifier in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). However, the role of KMT2D in HNSCC tumorigenesis and whether its mutations confer any therapeutic vulnerabilities remain unknown. Here we show that KMT2D deficiency promotes HNSCC growth through increasing glycolysis. Additionally, KMT2D loss decreases the expression of Fanconi Anemia (FA)/BRCA pathway genes under glycolytic inhibition. Mechanistically, glycolytic inhibition facilitates the occupancy of KMT2D to the promoter/enhancer regions of FA genes. KMT2D loss reprograms the epigenomic landscapes of FA genes by transiting their promoter/enhancer states from active to inactive under glycolytic inhibition. Therefore, combining the glycolysis inhibitor 2-DG with DNA crosslinking agents or poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors preferentially inhibits tumor growth of KMT2D-deficient mouse HNSCC and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) harboring KMT2D-inactivating mutations. These findings provide an epigenomic basis for developing targeted therapies for HNSCC patients with KMT2D-inactivating mutations.

Abstract Aiming to address the challenge where existing methods struggle to predict accurate disparities for imperfectly rectified stereo images, and that supervised training requires a considerable amount of ground truth, a self‐supervised binocular depth estimation algorithm with self‐rectification for autonomous driving is proposed. Firstly, a subnetwork dedicated to stereo rectification, aiming to estimate the homography between stereo images is developed. This homography facilitates the transformation of stereo image pairs, aligning their corresponding pixels horizontally. Secondly, a foundational self‐supervised framework primarily centred on minimizing errors in stereo image reconstruction, combined with the generative‐adversarial strategy is introduced. Finally, a vertical offset prediction module (VOPM) is incorporated into the basic framework to further enhance the resistance of the stereo matching network to pixel‐level vertical offset errors. Experimental results on the public KITTI dataset for autonomous driving demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach in improving the disparity prediction performance for imperfectly rectified stereo images. Moreover, the self‐supervised training framework exhibits superiority over state‐of‐the‐art methods.

Abstract The salient object detection task tries to simulate the human visual system for most eye‐catching objects or regions detection. However, due to the complexity of the visual mechanisms, current methods will suffer from severe performance degradation, leading to inconsistent prediction results for the same regions, when directly adopting a model trained on a fixed resolution to evaluate at other different resolutions. Considering that consistency in predictions is essential for salient object detection, a cross‐scale resolution consistent salient object detection method, called RCNet, is proposed. Specifically, to enhance the model's capacity for generalization across images of varying resolutions and make the model implicitly learn the scale invariance, a multi‐resolution data enhancement module is constructed to generate images with arbitrary resolutions for the same scene. Moreover, to accomplish better multi‐level feature fusion, a cross‐scale fusion module is developed to fuse high‐level semantic features and low‐level detail features. Additionally, to explicitly learn the scale invariance of the salient scores, a hybrid salient consistency loss is formulated on salient object detection with different resolutions. Comprehensive evaluations on five benchmark datasets show that RCNet achieves a highly competitive result.