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Abstract This study aimed to manage Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection through a family-centered approach. It conducted a two-year follow-up on infected individuals’ family members in Yichun, Jiangxi, China, to gain comprehensive insights into the transmission dynamics, treatment adherence, and associated risk factors of H. pylori within households. A retrospective analysis was performed on the data obtained from households in Yichun City that participated in the nationwide multicenter H. pylori prevalence study in 2021, along with the corresponding subsequent follow-up data. The collected information encompassed fundamental demographic details of the families, their lifestyle patterns, and the status of H. pylori infection. Among 514 households, 222 comprised two individuals, whereas 68 constituted larger families with five or more members. All member was infected in 9.34% of households. Larger family sizes (≥ 5 individuals) and higher generational counts were closely associated with H. pylori infection (e.g., family size > 6: OR 4.46, 95%CI 1.29 to 15.46). Adult age, marital status, and household members’ infections were identified as primary risk factors (e.g., married individuals: OR 2.03, 95%CI 1.56 to 2.65). Students and previously uninfected individuals exhibited lower infection risks (e.g., tested as negative: OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.31 to 0.73). Maternal, paternal, or sibling infections were linked to increased risks of child infections (e.g., mother infected: OR 2.58 95%CI 1.37 to 4.87). Successful eradication in ≥ 2 individuals reduced the infection risk for other members (OR 0.25, 95%CI (0.07 to 0.89). H. pylori displayed noticeable clustering infection characteristics within families. This study lends support to family-based management strategies, but given suboptimal adherence to household management, there is a need to enhance education on the hazards of H. pylori before implementing screening programs.

Abstract Background Autoimmune rheumatic diseases (ARDs) in children can negatively impact renal function, potentially leading to acute kidney injury (AKI). This study compares the prevalence of AKI and other adverse in-hospital outcomes among hospitalized children with ARDs. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted using the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database from 2005 to 2020. The study included children aged 1–17 years with ARDs, categorized into inflammatory arthritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis, systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), systemic sclerosis (SSc), and other connective tissue diseases. Logistic regression assessed associations between ARD types and outcomes, including AKI, dialysis, and major adverse events. Results Among 13,891 children with ARDs, 8.2% developed AKI and 1.3% required dialysis. Compared to inflammatory arthritis, ANCA-associated vasculitis significantly increased the risk of AKI (aOR = 11.20, 95% CI: 8.08–15.51) and dialysis (aOR = 40.60, 95% CI: 13.54-121.71). SLE also elevated risks of AKI (aOR = 4.16, 95% CI: 3.20–5.40) and dialysis (aOR = 11.34, 95% CI: 4.15–31.01). Children with SSc had increased risks of infection/pneumonia (aOR = 2.51, 95% CI: 1.84–3.41) and sepsis (aOR = 2.13, 95% CI: 1.26–3.58). Conclusions Children with ARDs, especially those with ANCA-associated vasculitis and SLE, face elevated risks of AKI and dialysis. These findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and tailored management in this population.

Abstract Background Prostate cancer (PCa) ranks as the second most common disease among men and the fourth most prevalent cancer worldwide. Enhanced glycolysis and excessive lactate secretion are recognized as critical factors driving the progression of various cancers. This study systematically investigated the research trends associated with glycolysis in PCa through bibliometric analysis. Method In this study, we conducted a systematic search of the Web of Science and PubMed databases for literature pertaining to the glycolysis of PCa that was published between January 1, 2004, and June 30, 2024. To achieve this objective, we employed CiteSpace software to generate visualizations that illustrate countries/regions, institutions, journals, and keywords. Additionally, we extracted pertinent quantitative data. Furthermore, we utilized VOSviewer software to create a collaboration network map among various journals. Results Between 2004 and 2024, a total of 408 research articles on glycolysis in PCa were published, indicating a consistent upward trend in the annual publication rate. In this field, the United States not only leads in the volume of research papers but also has the highest degree of centrality. The journal "Cancer Research" is recognized as the most influential in the field, whereas "Prostate and Cancer" serves as a significant platform for disseminating research related to glycolysis in PCa. Keyword analysis has identified four primary research directions that have dominated this field over the past two decades. The role of glycolysis and its associated enzymes in PCa underpins this research. Glycolysis has also demonstrated significant clinical value in the diagnosis and prognosis of PCa. Moreover, drugs targeting glycolytic inhibitors and natural products have exhibited therapeutic potential against this disease. By modulating glycolytic mechanisms, there is potential to increase resistance in PCa. Currently, leading research in this area encompasses the application of nanotechnology to PCa glycolysis, the roles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) in this metabolic pathway, and the interactions between glycolysis and other biological processes in PCa. Conclusion This study employs bibliometric analysis to provide a comprehensive overview of research on glycolysis in PCa over the past two decades. It highlights the current state of knowledge in this field, identifies key research hotspots, and explores emerging frontiers, particularly nanotechnology, lncRNA, and miRNA, which are driving innovative research directions.

Objectives: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most malignant tumors. Mounting studies highlighted gastric cancer stem cells (GCSCs) were responsible for the failure of treatment due to recurrence and drug resistance of advanced GC. However, targeted therapy against GCSC for improving GC prognosis suffered from lack of suitable models and molecular targets in terms of personalized medicine. To address this issue, two patient-derived GC cell lines SD209 and SD292 with cancer stem cells (CSCs) such as phenotype were isolated for establishing targeted therapy aiming at critical metastatic signaling in GC. Materials and Methods: The primary patient-derived GCSCs were established from parts of GC tissues for characterization of stem cells (SCs) phenotype at both cellular and molecular levels. Western blot and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) were performed for identifying the deregulated signaling in GC tissue. Immunofluorescence was used for analyzing proliferating and SC markers in GCSC attached on fibroblast. Acridine orange and propidium iodide analyses were performed for the survival of GCSC in suspensions. Results: In the culture environments of both SD209 and SD292, a lot of mesenchymal fibroblasts spread and crowd together on which a lot of cell clumps, suspected as GCSC, were firmly attached. In the IHC analysis, the GCSC stemness genes CD44 and Ep-CAM increased in tumor tissues of SD209, whereas Nanog-1 and octamer-binding transcription factor 3 (OCT-3) increased in that of SD292. By immunofluorescent analysis of a proliferation marker Ki67, the growth of SD209 and SD292 on mesenchymal fibroblasts was found to be reduced by dasatinib, the inhibitor of the Src kinase whose activity was upregulated in tumor tissues of both GCs. Dasatinib also suppressed the expression of Nanog-1 and OCT-3 in SD292 attached on mesenchymal fibroblasts. Conclusion: This study may provide a base for targeted therapy against GCSCs/GCs progression in future preclinical/clinical settings.

Background Male infertility is a worldwide population health concern, but its etiology remains poorly understood. Tortoise-shell glue (TSG) is widely utilized as a pharmaceutical or dietary supplement for various health ailments. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of TSG on male infertility in obese rats.Methods A male infertility with obesity rat model was established after a high-fat diet (HFD) and cyclophosphamide (CTX) treatment. The body weight, testis weight, and weight of adipose tissues around the epididymis were detected. We then evaluated spermatozoon motility and concentration and testis pathological changes. Next, we assessed the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Moreover, serum metabolomics was used to identify differential metabolites. The Spearman correlation analysis was employed to assess the correlation between differential metabolites and sex hormone levels.Results Here, we demonstrated that TSG alleviated obesity and male infertility. Meanwhile, TSG restored the function of the HPG axis in obese infertility rats, including mRNA levels of GnRH, GnRHR, RFRP-3, and kisspeptin in the hypothalamus and pituitary and sex hormone levels in the serum. In addition, 16 potentially significant metabolites, such as Quinapril and Malabaricone C, were identified as significant in the therapeutic effects of TSG on male infertility. The majority of these differential metabolites exhibited recovery following TSG treatment. The further Spearman analysis demonstrated the close correlation between differential metabolites and sex hormones, especially Kamahine C.Conclusion TSG attenuated obesity and male infertility in rats through the HPG axis by regulating serum metabolites. It shows potential as a viable treatment option for male infertility.

Introduction: Management of aortic stenosis (AS) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) may often be overlooked, and this could confer poorer outcomes. Methods: Consecutive patients (n = 727) with index echocardiographic diagnosis of moderate to severe AS (aortic valve area

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to develop a novel model that combines both clinical and image-based parameters to predict early recovery of urinary incontinence after robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) more easily and precisely. Materials and methods We retrospectively enrolled data from patients who underwent RARP performed by a single surgeon. Clinical parameters were collected through medical chart review. All patients received cystography one week after RARP to evaluate the anastomosis healing condition. All cystography images were analyzed by a single radiologist who was blinded to the clinical status of the patients. Multivariate analysis was performed to select significant predictors for early post-prostatectomy incontinence (PPI) recovery, defined as being pad-free within four weeks after surgery. Results A total of 293 patients were enrolled in this study. Among them, 26.7% experienced immediate dryness after surgery, while 47.6% achieved being pad-free within one month. The overall continence rate was over 90% six months after surgery. In univariate analysis, factors associated with early PPI recovery were BMI, T stage, NVB preservation, surgical margin status, downward bladder neck, and bladder neck angle on cystography. BMI, NVB preservation, and downward bladder neck remained significant in multivariate analysis (p-values = 0.041, 0.027, and 0.023, respectively). A nomogram model was established based on these three predictors. Conclusion This is the first model to combine preoperative clinical factors, peri-surgical factors, and postoperative image-based factors to predict PPI recovery after RARP. This model can assist clinicians in taking optimal actions for PPI and also reduce patient anxiety.

Background: The optimal imaging modality for selecting the device size in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing one-stop left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) with concomitant pulmonary vein isolation (PVi) remains undefined. We compared preprocedural 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) with intra-procedural transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and left atrial appendage (LAA) angiography in guiding one-stage PVi and LAAO. Methods: We measured the LAA ostium diameter using an interactive 3D CT system with a central line-based approach and compared these measurements with those from intra-procedural TEE and angiography, and the actual device size. The optimal compression ratio was used to assess the attainment rates of the three imaging modalities. Results: Twenty-two patients (median age: 68.5 years, 21.8 % female) underwent the one-stage procedure. The median LAA ostium diameter measured by 3D CT (24.3 mm, interquartile range [IQR] = 22.0–27.0 mm) was closer to the Watchman device size (27.0 mm, IQR = 24.0–31.0 mm, P = 0.127) compared to TEE (21.2 mm, IQR = 18.4–22.7 mm, P < 0.001) and angiography (22.5 mm, IQR = 17.9–25.1 mm, P < 0.001). 3D CT had a better attainment rate for the optimal compression ratio than TEE (10.8 %, IQR = 7.4–16.5 % vs. 22.7 %, IQR = 19.2–29.3 %, P < 0.001) and angiography (19.7 %, IQR = 15.1–24.1 %, P = 0.001). All patients underwent successful device implantation without peri-device leak or complications during the periprocedural period and follow-up. Conclusions: In this pilot study, a preprocedural central line-based 3D CT planning system appeared to be more effective than intraoperative TEE and angiography in measuring the LAA ostium diameter to guide device size selection in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing one-stop LAAO with concomitant PVi.

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of tofacitinib for treating moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC).Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched from inception up to 18 July 2023. Reference lists of included studies were manually searched to identify potentially relevant studies not found in the databases.Eligibility criteria Eligible studies included real-world observational studies, reported in English, on patients with moderate-to-severe UC treated with tofacitinib, defined by the Partial Mayo Score. Excluded were clinical trials, reviews, letters, conference abstracts, case reports and studies involving patients with mixed Crohn’s disease.Data extraction and synthesis Two independent reviewers extracted data and recorded it in Excel. Quality assessment was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Meta-analysis was performed using random-effects models due to high heterogeneity across studies.Results 19 studies containing a total of 2612 patients were included. Meta-analysis revealed that clinical response rates were 58% at week 8, 61% at weeks 12–16, 51% at weeks 24–26 and 51% at week 52. Clinical remission rates were 39% at week 8, 43% at weeks 12–16, 40% at weeks 24–26 and 43% at week 52. Corticosteroid-free clinical remission rates were 33% at week 8, 37% at weeks 12–16, 32% at weeks 24–26 and 40% at week 52.Conclusion This meta-analysis of real-world studies indicates that treatment of UC with tofacitinib is associated with favourable clinical response and remission rates in the induction and maintenance phases.

Mining activities lead to significant heavy metal pollution in nearby farmland soils, affecting the soil's microbial community and functions. To comprehensively investigate the heavy metal contamination in farmland soils caused by mining activities and the impacts on soil microbial communities and functions, we collected 87 soil samples from farmlands near 29 mining sites nationwide, measured levels of cadmium, lead, copper, and zinc. Our findings revealed that 75.8% of the sampled farmlands exhibited varying degrees of heavy metal pollution. Cadmium contamination stood out, being 2.84 to 5.35 times higher compared to other metals. This pollution notably decreased microbial diversity in agricultural soils (P ≤ 0.04), causing a shift from intricate interconnected microbial co-occurrence modules to a higher number of simpler ones, indicating a fragmentation of the microbial interaction network. Additionally, heavy metal contamination led to a 10.9% increase in the importance of the heterogeneous selection process in community assembly. Despite reduced microbial alpha diversity, we observed an increase in the diversity and abundance of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and intensified microbe-MRG interaction. This suggests that microbial communities, even when altered, maintain functionality through enhanced redundancy, which probably facilitates the preservation of microbial activities. We also identified key taxa with intense connectivity in the microbial interaction networks, 58% of which have been recognized in previous studies for their predictive effects on soil health. These findings offer important insights for developing strategies to enhance soil health, such as promoting the presence of ''super-connectors'' in microbial networks for the maintenance of microbial community.

Transarterial chemoembolisation (TACE) is used for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, but TACE-induced hypoxia leads to poor prognosis. The anti-cancer effects of soybean isoflavones daidzein derivatives 7,3′,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone (734THIF) and 7,8,4′-trihydroxyisoflavone (784THIF) were evaluated under hypoxic microenvironments. Molecular docking of these isomers with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) was assessed. About 40 μM of 734THIF and 784THIF have the best effect on inhibiting the proliferation of HepG2 cells under hypoxic conditions. At a concentration of 40 μM, 784THIF significantly inhibits COX-2 expression in pre-hypoxia conditions compared to 734THIF, with an inhibition rate of 67.73%. Additionally, 40 μM 784THIF downregulates the expression of hypoxic, inflammatory, and metastatic-related proteins, regulates oxidative stress, and inhibits the expression of anti-apoptotic proteins. The uptake by HepG2 confirmed higher 784THIF level and slower degradation characteristics under post- or pre-hypoxic conditions. In conclusion, our results showed that 784THIF had better anti-cancer effects and cellular uptake than 734THIF.

Pouteria caimito is a commercially valuable tropical fruit tree and has medicinal effects in Brazilian folklore. In this thesis, thirteen compounds were isolated for the first time from the fruit of P. caimito by ethanol extraction and various chromatographic column chromatography methods. The thirteen compounds were identified by NMR, HR-ESI-MS and various physicochemical data to contain nine triterpenoids. The results of activity screening experiments showed that compounds 2, 3 and 5 exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, while most of the triterpenoids exhibited anti-RSV, and anti-HSV activity to varying degrees. Based on these results, the content of compound 5 was determined due to its good pharmacological activity to be 13.3250 mg/kg in the fresh fruit. This study scientifically demonstrated the health benefits of consuming P. caimito fruits and also provided new ideas for further development and utilization of P. caimito. It not only has good potential as an anti-inflammatory or antiviral functional food but also can be considered a natural source of triterpenoids.

Movement disorders are chronic neurological syndromes with both treatable and non-treatable causes. The top causes of movement disorders are Parkinson's disease and related disorders. Functional imaging investigations with Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images play vital roles in diagnosis and differential diagnosis to guide disease management. Since there have been new advanced imaging technologies and radiopharmaceuticals development, there is a need for up-to-date consensus guidelines. Thus, the Nuclear Medicine Society of Thailand, the Neurological Society of Thailand, and the Thai Medical Physicist Society collaborated to establish the guideline for Nuclear Medicine investigations in movement disorder for practical use in patient care. We have extensively reviewed the current practice guidelines from other related societies and good quality papers as well as our own experience in Nuclear Medicine practice in movement disorders. We also adjust for the most suitability for application in Thailand and other developing countries.

The aflatoxin produced by peanut mildew is highly carcinogenic, and it seriously affects food safety. In order to accurately and quickly identify moldy peanuts, this project proposes a detection method for moldy peanuts based on machine vision. Firstly, the peanut image was double-sided filtering and noise reduction, and then the image was converted to HSV space. The moldy peanut was recognized and detected by superimposing the mold color range extracted in H and S space and the open processing results of V space. The experimental results showed that the recognition accuracy of this method for moldy peanuts reached 95.3%, and the processing time for a single frame of peanut image was 0.6 seconds. Compared with other algorithms, this method had the advantages of fast speed and high accuracy, which can meet the real-time detection of moldy peanuts. At the same time, the grading processing of peanut mold is also more practical.

Background: The Flanker task measures visuospatial attention and assesses the attentional network by distinguishing pathways for enhancing information at attended regions and suppressing information at unattended ones (Kopp et al., 1996). In Parkinson's disease (PD), the attentional network is impaired due to dysfunctional fronto-subcortical circuits connected to the basal ganglia, disrupting response selection and inhibition. While electroencephalography (EEG) may reveal abnormalities of these circuits in PD, dynamic brain oscillations critical for interareal communications cannot be deciphered with conventional time-frequency analyses. Objective: To utilize the novel Holo-Hilbert Spectral Analysis (HHSA) to reveal dynamic EEG features of the Flanker task in PD patients and healthy normal controls for differentiating and elucidating attentional network deficits in patients. Methods: The novel HHSA was applied to uncover nonlinear features of the Flanker task EEG and to analyse connectivity using phase-amplitude cross-frequency coupling. Results: Holo-Hilbert transform (HHT) results showed an attenuated midfrontal theta (FMθ) in the congruency effect in PD patients, consistent with past studies. HHSA showed a loss of low-frequency amplitude modulations (fam) in the theta carrier frequency band (fc) during the congruency effect in PD. Importantly, connectivity analyses using the Holo-Hilbert cross-frequency phase clustering (HHCFPC) revealed a loss of theta-gamma cross frequency coupling (CFC) from the right prefrontal cortex to other frontal and contralateral regions. Decrements were also shown in PD patients from right frontal cortical to occipital areas in theta-beta CFC. Conclusions: These visuospatial attention deficits of PD revealed with the advanced analytical method of the HHSA and HHCFPC may inaugurate further neurophysiological biomarkers for cognitive function evaluation in PD and related movement disorders.