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This study used three-level generalized hierarchical linear modeling to examine trajectories of husbands' and wives' physical and emotional aggression over three assessments and the effects of years since marriage. In this community sample of 118 couples, physical aggression significantly decreased over time (43% per year). Emotional aggression did not significantly change over time, but trajectories significantly differed for husbands (3% increase) versus wives (10% decrease). Longer-duration marriages had lower physical aggression and, for wives only, lower emotional aggression. Aggression trajectories showed considerable variability: 44%-55% of physically aggressive spouses desisted from one assessment to the next; 5%-12% reported start-ups in physical aggression. Discussion addresses the role of gender and type of aggression in aggression trajectories. Keywords: intimate partner violence; psychological aggression; spousal abuse; growth curve analysis; longitudinal change

Byline: Carla Smith Stover (1), Patricia Horn (2), Alicia F. Lieberman (2) Keywords: Domestic violence; Parental representations; Preschool children; Father visitation; Play Abstract: The play of young children has long been used clinically to understand children's experiences and inner feelings. More recently, children's play has been examined quantitatively to understand differences due to varying backgrounds, family relationships, etc. Forty preschool children (21 girls and 19 boys) aged 27 to 71 months from families with histories of domestic violence were observed using a play interview, The MacArthur Story Stem Battery, to determine if severity of violence, frequency of visitation with their previously violent fathers, and mother-child relationship functioning impacted how parents were represented in play. Overall, girls represented their parents more positively regardless of other family circumstances. Boys, especially those who did not visit regularly with their fathers, had negative representations of their mothers. Severity of violence did not predict negative parental representations in the sample. Author Affiliation: (1) National Center for Children Exposed to Violence, Yale University Child Study Center, 53 College St., New Haven, CT, 06510, USA (2) University of California San Francisco, Child Trauma Research Project, San Francisco, California, USA Article History: Registration Date: 04/05/2006 Online Date: 23/09/2006

The co-occurrence of domestic violence and child abuse is well documented (Appel, A. E., & Holden, G. W. (1998). J. Fam. Psychol. 12: 578-599; Edleson, J. L. (1999). Violence Against Women 5:134-154). However, little is known about the correlates of co-occurring wife and child abuse. Analyzing data from the 1985 National Family Violence Survey (subsample N = 2733), this study identified risk factors associated with the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse. One-way ANOVA and chi-square analyses were conducted to compare characteristics of parents, children, and households among subgroups of families reporting some form of abuse. Key differences emerged between the three types of homes compared (i.e., those with child abuse alone, wife abuse alone, or wife and child abuse), indicating possibly distinct etiologies and processes. In particular, the co-occurrence of wife and child abuse was marked by less education, worse health, increased reports of depression, and increased husband drug use. Findings may be useful to practitioners and researchers interested in risk factors for different forms of family violence. KEY WORDS: wife abuse; physical child abuse: risk factors: family violence.

Wife abuse is one of the most serious yet most hidden forms of victimization. The prevalence, structure and some features of wife abuse in the post-war societies of the former Yugoslavia are examined.

The translation process with versions of the instruments for use with pregnant women from Puerto Rico is discussed. The procedure of back translation was chosen as the most reliable method for translation of instruments.