209 results on '"Willner, Wolfgang"'
Search Results
2. Ecology and vegetation types of oak-hornbeam and ravine forests of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Georgia
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Novák, Pavel, Zukal, Dominik, Harásek, Martin, Vlčková, Pavla, Abdaladze, Otar, and Willner, Wolfgang
- Published
- 2020
3. Modelling the distribution and compositional variation of plant communities at the continental scale
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Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Suárez-Seoane, Susana, Chytrý, Milan, Hennekens, Stephan M., Willner, Wolfgang, Hájek, Michal, Agrillo, Emiliano, Álvarez-Martínez, Jose M., Bergamini, Ariel, Brisse, Henry, Brunet, Jörg, Casella, Laura, Dítě, Daniel, Font, Xavier, Gillet, François, Hajková, Petra, Jansen, Florian, Jandt, Ute, Kącki, Zygmunt, Lenoir, Jonathan, Rodwell, John S., Schaminée, Joop H. J., Sekulová, Lucia, Šibík, Jozef, Škvorc, Željko, and Tsiripidis, Ioannis
- Published
- 2018
4. Range dynamics of mountain plants decrease with elevation
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Rumpf, Sabine B., Hülber, Karl, Klonner, Günther, Moser, Dietmar, Schütz, Martin, Wessely, Jhannes, Willner, Wolfgang, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., and Dullinger, Stefan
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- 2018
5. Diversity of lowland hay meadows and pastures in Western and Central Europe
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Rodríguez-Rojo, Maria Pilar, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Jandt, Ute, Bruelheide, Helge, Rodwell, John S., Schaminée, Joop H.J., Perrin, Philip M., Kącki, Zygmunt, Willner, Wolfgang, Fernández-González, Federico, and Chytrý, Milan
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- 2017
6. Classification of European beech forests: a Gordian Knot?
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Willner, Wolfgang, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Agrillo, Emiliano, Biurrun, Idoia, Campos, Juan Antonio, Čarni, Andraž, Casella, Laura, Csiky, János, Ćušterevska, Renata, Didukh, Yakiv P., Ewald, Jörg, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kavgacı, Ali, Lenoir, Jonathan, Marinšek, Aleksander, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Rodwell, John S., Schaminée, Joop H.J., Šibík, Jozef, Škvorc, Željko, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Tzonev, Rossen, Vassilev, Kiril, Venanzoni, Roberto, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, and Chytrý, Milan
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- 2017
7. A higher-level classification of the Pannonian and western Pontic steppe grasslands (Central and Eastern Europe)
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Willner, Wolfgang, Kuzemko, Anna, Dengler, Jürgen, Chytrý, Milan, Bauer, Norbert, Becker, Thomas, Biƫă-Nicolae, Claudia, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Čarni, Andraž, Csiky, János, Igić, Ruzica, Kącki, Zygmunt, Korotchenko, Iryna, Kropf, Matthias, Krstivojević-Ćuk, Mirjana, Krstonošić, Daniel, Rédei, Tamás, Ruprecht, Eszter, Schratt-Ehrendorfer, Luise, Semenishchenkov, Yuri, Stančić, Zvjezdana, Vashenyak, Yulia, Vynokurov, Denys, and Janišová, Monika
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- 2017
8. Extinction debts and colonization credits of non-forest plants in the European Alps
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Rumpf, Sabine B., Hülber, Karl, Wessely, Johannes, Willner, Wolfgang, Moser, Dietmar, Gattringer, Andreas, Klonner, Günther, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., and Dullinger, Stefan
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- 2019
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9. Evolutionary dynamics of Euphorbia carniolica suggest a complex Plio–Pleistocene history of understorey species of deciduous forest in southeastern Europe.
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Kirschner, Philipp, Záveská, Eliška, Hülber, Karl, Wessely, Johannes, Willner, Wolfgang, Schönswetter, Peter, and Frajman, Božo
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DECIDUOUS forests ,EUPHORBIA ,FOREST dynamics ,FORESTS & forestry ,SPECIES distribution ,GENETIC variation ,EVOLUTIONARY algorithms - Abstract
Deciduous forests form the dominant natural vegetation of Europe today, but were restricted to small refugia during Pleistocene cold stages, implying an evolutionary past shaped by recurrent range contractions and expansions. Cold‐stage forest refugia were probably widespread in southern and central Europe, with the northwestern Balkan Peninsula being of particular importance. However, the actual number and location of deciduous forest refugia, as well as the connections between them, remain disputed. Here, we address the evolutionary dynamics of the deciduous forest understorey species Euphorbia carniolica as a proxy for past forest dynamics. To do so, we obtained genomic and morphometric data from populations representing the species' entire range, investigated phylogenetic position and intraspecific genetic variation, tested explicit demographic scenarios and applied species distribution models. Our data support two disjoint groups linked to separate refugia on the northwestern and central Balkan Peninsula. We find that genetic differentiation between groups started in the early Pleistocene via vicariance, suggesting a larger distribution in the past. Both refugia acted as sources for founder events to the southeastern Alps and the Carpathians; the latter were likely colonised before the last cold stage. In line with traditional views on the pre‐Pleistocene origin of many southeastern European deciduous forest species, the origin of E. carniolica was dated to the late Pliocene. The fact that E. carniolica evolved at a time when a period of continuous forestation was ending in much of Eurasia provides an interesting biogeographical perspective on the past links between Eurasian deciduous forests and their biota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. History and environment shape species pools and community diversity in European beech forests
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Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Girardello, Marco, Chytrý, Milan, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Willner, Wolfgang, Gégout, Jean-Claude, Agrillo, Emiliano, Campos, Juan Antonio, Jandt, Ute, Kącki, Zygmunt, Šilc, Urban, Slezák, Michal, Tichý, Lubomír, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turtureanu, Pavel Dan, Ujházyová, Mariana, and Wohlgemuth, Thomas
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- 2018
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11. Correction to: “Ecology and vegetation types of oak-hornbeam and ravine forests of the Eastern Greater Caucasus, Georgia”
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Novák, Pavel, Zukal, Dominik, Harásek, Martin, Vlčková, Pavla, Abdaladze, Otar, and Willner, Wolfgang
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- 2021
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12. A matter of scale: apparent niche differentiation of diploid and tetraploid plants may depend on extent and grain of analysis
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Kirchheimer, Bernhard, Schinkel, Christoph C. F., Dellinger, Agnes S., Klatt, Simone, Moser, Dietmar, Winkler, Manuela, Lenoir, Jonathan, Caccianiga, Marco, Guisan, Antoine, Nieto-Lugilde, Diego, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Thuiller, Wilfried, Vittoz, Pascal, Willner, Wolfgang, Zimmermann, Nikiaus E., Hörandl, Elvira, and Dullinger, Stefan
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- 2016
13. European Vegetation Archive (EVA): an integrated database of European vegetation plots
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Chytrý, Milan, Hennekens, Stephan M., Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Knollová, Ilona, Dengler, Jürgen, Jansen, Florian, Landucci, Flavia, Schaminée, Joop H.J., Aćić, Svetlana, Agrillo, Emiliano, Ambarli, Didem, Angelini, Pierangela, Apostolova, Iva, Attorre, Fabio, Berg, Christian, Bergmeier, Erwin, Biurrun, Idoia, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Brisse, Henry, Campos, Juan Antonio, Carlón, Luis, Čarni, Andraž, Casella, Laura, Csiky, János, Ćušterevska, Renata, Stevanović, Zora Dajić, Danihelka, Jiří, De Bie, Els, de Ruffray, Patrice, DeSanctis, Michele, Dickoré, W. Bernhard, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Dubyna, Dmytro, Dziuba, Tetiana, Ejrnæs, Rasmus, Ermakov, Nikolai, Ewald, Jörg, Fanelli, Giuliano, Fernández-González, Federico, FitzPatrick, Úna, Font, Xavier, García-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Golub, Valentin, Guarino, Riccardo, Haveman, Rense, Indreica, Adrian, Gürsoy, Deniz Işik, Jandt, Ute, Janssen, John A.M., Jiroušek, Martin, Kącki, Zygmunt, Kavgaci, Ali, Kleikamp, Martin, Kolomiychuk, Vitaliy, Ćuk, Mirjana Krstivojević, Krstonošić, Daniel, Kuzemko, Anna, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Marcenò, Corrado, Martynenko, Vassiliy, Michalcová, Dana, Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pérez-Haase, Aaron, Peterka, Tomáš, Prokhorov, Vadim, Rašomavičius, Valerijus, Rodríguez-Rojo, Maria Pilar, Rodwell, John S., Rogova, Tatiana, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rūsiņa, Solvita, Seidler, Gunnar, Šibík, Jozef, Šilc, Urban, Škvorc, Željko, Sopotlieva, Desislava, Stančić, Zvjezdana, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Swacha, Grzegorz, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Dan Turtureanu, Pavel, Uğurlu, Emin, Uogintas, Domas, Valachovič, Milan, Vashenyak, Yulia, Vassilev, Kiril, Venanzoni, Roberto, Virtanen, Risto, Weekes, Lynda, Willner, Wolfgang, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, and Yamalov, Sergey
- Published
- 2016
14. Disjunct populations of European vascular plant species keep the same climatic niches
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Wasof, Safaa, Lenoir, Jonathan, Aarrestad, Per Arild, Alsos, Inger Greve, Armbruster, W. Scott, Austrheim, Gunnar, Bakkestuen, Vegar, Birks, H. John B., Bråthen, Kari Anne, Broennimann, Olivier, Brunet, Jörg, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Dahlberg, Carl Johan, Diekmann, Martin, Dullinger, Stefan, Dynesius, Mats, Ejrnæs, Rasmus, Gégout, Jean-Claude, Graae, Bente Jessen, Grytnes, John-Arvid, Guisan, Antoine, Hylander, Kristoffer, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Kapfer, Jutta, Klanderud, Kari, Luoto, Miska, Milbau, Ann, Moora, Mari, Nygaard, Bettina, Odland, Arvid, Pauli, Harald, Ravolainen, Virve, Reinhardt, Stefanie, Sandvik, Sylvi Marlen, Schei, Fride Høistad, Speed, James D. M., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Thuiller, Wilfried, Tveraabak, Liv Unn, Vandvik, Vigdis, Velle, Liv Guri, Virtanen, Risto, Vittoz, Pascal, Willner, Wolfgang, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Zobel, Martin, and Decocq, Guillaume
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- 2015
15. Modelling the effect of habitat fragmentation on climate-driven migration of European forest understorey plants
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Dullinger, Stefan, Dendoncker, Nicolas, Gattringer, Andreas, Leitner, Michael, Mang, Thomas, Moser, Dietmar, Mücher, Caspar A., Plutzar, Christoph, Rounsevell, Mark, Willner, Wolfgang, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., and Hülber, Karl
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- 2015
16. A comparative framework for broad-scale plot-based vegetation classification
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De Cáceres, Miquel, Chytrý, Milan, Agrillo, Emiliano, Attorre, Fabio, Botta-Dukát, Zoltán, Capelo, Jorge, Czúcz, Bálint, Dengler, Jürgen, Ewald, Jörg, Faber-Langendoen, Don, Feoli, Enrico, Franklin, Scott B., Gavilán, Rosario, Gillet, François, Jansen, Florian, Jiménez-Alfaro, Borja, Krestov, Pavel, Landucci, Flavia, Lengyel, Attila, Loidi, Javier, Mucina, Ladislav, Peet, Robert K., Roberts, David W., Roleček, Jan, Schaminée, Joop H.J., Schmidtlein, Sebastian, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Tichý, Lubomír, Walker, Donald A., Wildi, Otto, Willner, Wolfgang, and Wiser, Susan K.
- Published
- 2015
17. Post‐glacial range formation of temperate forest understorey herbs – Insights from a spatio‐temporally explicit modelling approach.
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Willner, Wolfgang, Wessely, Johannes, Gattringer, Andreas, Moser, Dietmar, Záveská, Eliška, Dullinger, Stefan, Schönswetter, Peter, and Hülber, Karl
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TEMPERATE forests , *DISPERSAL (Ecology) , *FOREST dynamics , *SEED dispersal , *ECOLOGICAL niche , *LONG-distance running - Abstract
Aim: Our knowledge of Pleistocene refugia and post‐glacial recolonization routes of forest understorey plants is still very limited. The geographical ranges of these species are often rather narrow and show highly idiosyncratic, often fragmented patterns indicating either narrow and species‐specific ecological tolerances or strong dispersal limitations. However, the relative roles of these factors are inherently difficult to disentangle. Location: Central and south‐eastern Europe. Time period: 17,100 BP – present. Major taxa studied: Five understorey herbs of European beech forests: Aposeris foetida, Cardamine trifolia, Euphorbia carniolica, Hacquetia epipactis and Helleborus niger. Methods: We used spatio‐temporally explicit modelling to reconstruct the post‐glacial range dynamics of the five forest understorey herbs. We varied niche requirements, demographic rates and dispersal abilities across plausible ranges and simulated the spread of species from potential Pleistocene refugia identified by phylogeographical analyses. Then we identified the parameter settings allowing for the most accurate reconstruction of their current geographical ranges. Results: We found a largely homogenous pattern of optimal parameter settings among species. Broad ecological niches had to be combined with very low but non‐zero rates of long‐distance dispersal via chance events and low rates of seed dispersal over moderate distances by standard dispersal vectors. However, long‐distance dispersal events, although rare, led to high variation among replicated simulation runs. Main conclusions: Small and fragmented ranges of many forest understorey species are best explained by a combination of broad ecological niches and rare medium‐ and long‐distance dispersal events. Stochasticity is thus an important determinant of current species ranges, explaining the idiosyncratic distribution patterns of the study species despite strong similarities in refugia, ecological tolerances and dispersal abilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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18. Scale decisions can reverse conclusions on community assembly processes
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Münkemüller, Tamara, Gallien, Laure, Lavergne, Sébastien, Renaud, Julien, Roquet, Cristina, Abdulhak, Sylvain, Dullinger, Stefan, Garraud, Luc, Guisan, Antoine, Lenoir, Jonathan, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Van Es, Jérémie, Vittoz, Pascal, Willner, Wolfgang, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., and Thuiller, Wilfried
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- 2014
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19. Phytosociology and ecology of the high-alpine to subnival scree vegetation of N and NW Iran (Alborz and Azerbaijan Mts.)
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Noroozi, Jalil, Willner, Wolfgang, Pauli, Harald, and Grabherr, Georg
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- 2014
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20. Challenging the practice of biodiversity offsets: ecological restoration success evaluation of a large-scale railway project
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Pöll, Constantin E., Willner, Wolfgang, and Wrbka, Thomas
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- 2016
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21. Towards a consistent classification of European grasslands
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Dengler, Jürgen, Bergmeier, Erwin, Willner, Wolfgang, and Chytrý, Milan
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- 2013
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22. Syntaxonomic revision of the Pannonian grasslands of Austria – Part III: Danube and March-Thaya floodplain (including the Slovak side of the river March/Morava)
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Willner, Wolfgang, Kadlec, Gerhard, Staudinger, Markus, Sauberer, Norbert, Hegedüšová, Katarína, Škodová, Iveta, Zuna-Kratky, Thomas, and Schratt-Ehrendorfer, Luise
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Slovakia ,FOS: Biological sciences ,Austria ,Phragmito-Magnocaricetea ,grasslands ,Festuco-Brometea ,Molinio-Arrhenatheretea - Abstract
The floodplain of the rivers Danube, March/Morava and Thaya/Dyje in eastern Austria and western Slovakia harbours a great diversity of meadows, reed swamps and sedge-bed communities. However, the grasslands along the Danube have not been adequately addressed by any study up to now, and a transnational revision of the alluvial grasslands is completely lacking. In this third part of a series focusing on the syntaxonomy of the Pannonian grasslands of Austria, we present a detailed classi- fication of the grassland and marsh vegetation of the Danube and March-Thaya floodplain. We compiled all available relevés from the study area belonging to the classes Phragmito-Magnocaricetea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Festuco-Brometea. In total, our data set comprised 2119 relevés, of which 355 were from Slovakia. We conducted a TWINSPAN classification and, based on a provisional syn- taxonomic interpretation of the clusters, assigned all relevés to classes, orders, alliances and asso- ciations using the total cover of the diagnostic species in each relevé as the assignment criterion. We identified 42 associations and five provisional communities belonging to 14 alliances. Our revision includes substantial changes to previous overviews, in particular regarding the alluvial grasslands of the March-Thaya floodplain. We merge Lathyro palustris-Gratioletum, Gratiolo-Caricetum suzae, Cnidio- Violetum pumilae, Serratulo-Plantaginetum altissimae and “Silaetum pratensis” into only two associations (Gratiolo-Caricetum suzae and Cnidio-Violetum pumilae, alliance Deschampsion), which are differentiated along the moisture gradient. The Ophioglosso-Caricetum tomentosae is revealed as a geographical vicariant of the Cnidio-Violetum pumilae, replacing the latter along the Danube. The Agropyro-Alopecuretum pratensis is newly reported for Austria. The mesic Festuca rupicola grasslands along the March/Morava (previously named “Serratulo-Festucetum commutatae”) are included in the Colchico-Festucetum rupicolae (Cirsio-Brachypodion). Ranunculo bulbosi-Arrhenatheretum, Pasti- naco-Arrhenatheretum, Festuco rupicolae-Brometum and Polygalo-Brachypodietum (the latter in a new 96 subass. selaginelletosum helveticae) are confirmed as widespread grassland types in the Danube floodplain, and the Teucrio botryos-Andropogonetum (Festucion valesiacae) is split into two sub- associations. Moreover, we report four grassland types dominated by Elymus repens and Calamagrostis epigejos, provisionally treated as rankless communities, which have been neglected by all previous authors.
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- 2022
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23. Classification of European oak–hornbeam forests and related vegetation types.
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Novák, Pavel, Willner, Wolfgang, Biurrun, Idoia, Gholizadeh, Hamid, Heinken, Thilo, Jandt, Ute, Kollár, Jozef, Kozhevnikova, Maria, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Pielech, Remigiusz, Rašomavičius, Valerijus, Shirokikh, Pavel, Vassilev, Kiril, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Večeřa, Martin, and Chytrý, Milan
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Aims: Oak–hornbeam forests and related vegetation types (phytosociological order Carpinetalia betuli) are widespread in temperate western Eurasia. However, their national classification systems are poorly compatible, and a broad‐scale classification based on numerical analyses is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to establish a unified formalized classification system based on a large data set of vegetation plots covering the entire range of these forests. Location: Europe, Anatolia, Caucasus and northern Iran. Methods: We compiled a data set of 15,817 vegetation plots from the European Vegetation Archive and the Hyrcanian Forest Vegetation Database, using the formal definition of the EUNIS habitat type T1E Carpinus and Quercus mesic deciduous forest. We classified the data set using TWINSPAN. Biogeographically and ecologically similar plot clusters were merged into oak–hornbeam forest types, which were interpreted as alliances. We also developed expert systems for automatically classifying vegetation at the alliance level for both the EuroVegChecklist (EVC) system and the revised classification. In addition, we calculated ordinations to show the major gradients in the species composition of the data set. Results: We present a revised classification system of the order Carpinetalia betuli with nine alliances, including basic descriptions of their species composition, distribution, ecology and syntaxonomy. The analyses largely supported the biogeographic concept of classification, analogous to EVC. Compared to EVC, we recognized an additional alliance Physospermo verticillati‐Quercion cerridis (southern Italy) but found no support for the alliances Astrantio‐Carpinion, Erythronio‐Carpinion and Scillo‐Quercion. The greatest difference in species composition was found between the southern and northern‐northeastern Carpinetalia types. Expert systems for the revised classification system (~89% of plots classified) and the EVC system (~72%) are also included. Conclusions: We provide the first comprehensive overview of alliances of the order Carpinetalia betuli across its whole distribution range. The associated expert systems allow consistent application of the classification of these forests in nature conservation, habitat monitoring, and biodiversity and ecological research.We provide the first formal classification for oak–hornbeam forests and related vegetation types (phytosociological order Carpinetalia betuli) across Europe and adjacent areas. It includes both traditional and revised classifications of this vegetation. Furthermore, we developed expert systems for vegetation‐plot assignment to vegetation types, which can be applied in research and biodiversity conservation, monitoring and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Vegetation Classification and Survey in the third year.
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Dengler, Jürgen, Biurrun, Idoia, Jansen, Florian, and Willner, Wolfgang
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PLANT classification ,PLANT ecology ,BIBLIOMETRICS ,SCIENCE journalism - Abstract
We report on the completed third volume of Vegetation Classification and Survey (VCS). VCS has been included in the Scopus bibliometric database and will receive its first CiteSore in mid-2023. We announce the 2022 Editors' Award for a paper selected from the four papers nominated for Editors' Choice during 2022. We selected Liu et al. (2022; Vegetation Classification and Survey 3: 121-144) for the Editors' Award. This author team developed a comprehensive hierarchical classification system for the steppe vegetation over China. We present five Special Collections (two concluded and three ongoing) which form a backbone for VCS. Apart from Research Papers, Long and Short Database Reports were the prevailing article category in 2022. By contrast, there were no VCS Methods paper in 2022, and thus we encourage submissions particularly in this category. Finally, we welcome new members to the Editorial Board and open a call for free applications for our Editorial Review Board or as a Linguistic Editor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Going against the flow: potential mechanisms for unexpected downslope range shifts in a warming climate
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Lenoir, Jonathan, Gégout, Jean-Claude, Guisan, Antoine, Vittoz, Pascal, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Dullinger, Stefan, Pauli, Harald, Willner, Wolfgang, and Svenning, Jens-Christian
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- 2010
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26. sPlotOpen – An environmentally balanced, open-access, global dataset of vegetation plots
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Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Lenoir, Jonathan, Hattab, Tarek, Arnst, Elise Aimee, De Ruffray, Patrice, Hennekens, Stephan M., Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Kattge, Jens, Levesley, Aurora, Purschke, Oliver, Sandel, Brody, Sultana, Fahmida, Aavik, Tsipe, A?i?, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T.R., Agrillo, Emiliano, Alvarez, Miguel, Apostolova, Iva, Arfin Khan, Mohammed A.S., Arroyo, Luzmila, Attorre, Fabio, Aubin, Isabelle, Banerjee, Arindam, Bauters, Marijn, Bergeron, Yves, Bergmeier, Erwin, Biurrun, Idoia, Bjorkman, Anne D., Bonari, Gianmaria, Bondareva, Viktoria, Casella, Laura, Cayuela, Luis, Chepinoga, Victor, De Bie, Els, De Sanctis, Michele, Dimopoulos, Panayotis, Dolezal, Jiri, Dziuba, Tetiana, El-Sheikh, Mohamed Abd El Rouf Mousa, Enquist, Brian, Fazayeli, Farideh, Field, Richard, Finckh, Manfred, Gachet, Sophie, Garbolino, Emmanuel, Gholizadeh, Hamid, Giorgis, Melisa, Golub, Valentin, Alsos, Inger Greve, Grytnes, John?Arvid, Guerin, Gregory Richard, Haider, Sylvia, Hatim, Mohamed Z., Hinojos Mendoza, Guillermo, Hubau, Wannes, Indreica, Adrian, Janssen, John A. M., Jedrzejek, Birgit, Jentsch, Anke, K?cki, Zygmunt, Kapfer, Jutta, Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Kavgac?, Ali, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kessler, Michael, Khanina, Larisa, Killeen, Timothy, Korolyuk, Andrey, Kreft, Holger, Kuzemko, Anna, Landucci, Flavia, Lengyel, Attila, Lens, Frederic, Liu, Hongyan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Mahecha, Miguel D., Martynenko, Vasiliy, Moeslund, Jesper Erenskjold, Monteagudo Mendoza, Abel, Mucina, Ladislav, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onyshchenko, Viktor, Overbeck, Gerhard E., Peet, Robert K., Peyre, Gwendolyn, Phillips, Oliver L., Prokhorov, Vadim, Revermann, Rasmus, Rivas?Torres, Gonzalo, Rodwell, John S., Ruprecht, Eszter, R?si?a, Solvita, Samimi, Cyrus, Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Shan, Hanhuai, Shirokikh, Pavel, Sparrow, Ben, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Stan?i?, Zvjezdana, Svenning, Jens?Christian, Tang, Zhiyao, Tang, Cindy Q., Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Vassilev, Kiril, Venanzoni, Roberto, Vibrans, Alexander Christian, Violle, Cyrille, Virtanen, Risto, Wehrden, Henrik, Wagner, Viktoria, Walker, Donald A., Waller, Donald M., Wang, Hua?Feng, Wesche, Karsten, Whitfeld, Timothy J. S., Willner, Wolfgang, Wiser, Susan K., Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Yamalov, Sergey, Zobel, Martin, and Bruelheide, Helge
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Global and Planetary Change ,Ecology ,Geography: Geosciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Motivation: Assessing biodiversity status and trends in plant communities is critical for understanding, quantifying and predicting the effects of global change on ecosystems. Vegetation plots record the occurrence or abundance of all plant species co-occurring within delimited local areas. This allows species absences to be inferred, information seldom provided by existing global plant datasets. Although many vegetation plots have been recorded, most are not available to the global research community. A recent initiative, called ‘sPlot’, compiled the first global vegetation plot database, and continues to grow and curate it. The sPlot database, however, is extremely unbalanced spatially and environmentally, and is not open-access. Here, we address both these issues by (a) resampling the vegetation plots using several environmental variables as sampling strata and (b) securing permission from data holders of 105 local-to-regional datasets to openly release data. We thus present sPlotOpen, the largest open-access dataset of vegetation plots ever released. sPlotOpen can be used to explore global diversity at the plant community level, as ground truth data in remote sensing applications, or as a baseline for biodiversity monitoring. Main types of variable contained: Vegetation plots (n=95,104) recording cover or abundance of naturally co-occurring vascular plant species within delimited areas. sPlotOpen contains three partially overlapping resampled datasets (c.50,000 plots each), to be used as replicates in global analyses. Besides geographical location, date, plot size, biome, elevation, slope, aspect, vegetation type, naturalness, coverage of various vegetation layers, and source dataset, plot-level data also include community-weighted means and variances of 18 plant functional traits from the TRY Plant Trait Database. Spatial location and grain: Global, 0.01–40,000m². Time period and grain: 1888–2015, recording dates. Major taxa and level of measurement: 42,677 vascular plant taxa, plot-level records. Software format: Three main matrices (.csv), relationally linked.
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- 2021
27. Phytogeographical evidence for post-glacial dispersal limitation of European beech forest species
- Author
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Willner, Wolfgang, Di Pietro, Romeo, and Bergmeier, Erwin
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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28. Effects of Different Fidelity Measures and Contexts on the Determination of Diagnostic Species
- Author
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Willner, Wolfgang, Tichý, Lubomír, and Chytrý, Milan
- Published
- 2009
29. Long-Term Impacts of Nitrogen and Sulphur Deposition on Forest Floor Vegetation in the Northern Limestone Alps, Austria
- Author
-
Hülber, Karl, Dirnböck, Thomas, Kleinbauer, Ingrid, Willner, Wolfgang, Dullinger, Stefan, Karrer, Gerhard, and Mirtl, Michael
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. The leaf economic and plant size spectra of European forest understory vegetation
- Author
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Cubino, Josep Padullés, Biurrun, Idoia, Bonari, Gianmaria, Braslavskaya, Tatiana, Font, Xavier, Jandt, Ute, Jansen, Florian, Rašomavičius, Valerijus, Škvorc, Željko, Willner, Wolfgang, and Chytrý, Milan
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Leaves ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Specific leaf area ,Sclerophyll ,ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species ,Fulles ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Shrub ,functional biogeography ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Tree canopy ,plant functional traits ,Ecology ,ved/biology ,European Vegetation Archive ,Taiga ,Vegetation ,Understory ,environmental filtering ,15. Life on land ,vegetation-plot data ,Flora forestal ,Europe ,Geography ,Deciduous ,environmental filtering, European Vegetation Archive, functional biogeography, plant functional traits, TRYdatabase, vegetation-plot data ,TRY database ,Forest plants ,Europa - Abstract
Forest understories play a vital role in ecosystem functioning and the provision of ecosystem services. However, the extent to which environmental conditions drive dominant ecological strategies in forest understories at the continental scale remains understudied. Here, we used similar to 29 500 forest vegetation plots sampled across Europe and classified into 25 forest types to explore the relative role of macroclimate, soil pH and tree canopy cover in driving abundance-weighted patterns in the leaf economic spectrum (LES) and plant size spectrum (PSS) of forest understories (shrub and herb layers). We calculated LES using specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and PSS using plant height and seed mass of vascular plant species found in the understories. We found that forest understories had more conservative leaf economics in areas with more extreme mean annual temperatures (mainly Fennoscandia and the Mediterranean Basin), more extreme soil pH and under more open canopies. Warm and summer-dry regions around the Mediterranean Basin and areas of Atlantic Europe also had taller understories with heavier seeds than continental temperate or boreal areas. Understories of broadleaved deciduous forests, such as Fagus forests on non-acid soils, or ravine forests, more commonly hosted species with acquisitive leaf economics. In contrast, some coniferous forests, such as Pinus, Larbc and Picea mire forests, or Pinus sylvestris light taiga and sclerophyllous forests, more commonly hosted species with conservative leaf economics. Our findings highlight the importance of macroclimate and soil factors in driving trait variation of understory communities at the continental scale and the mediator effect of canopy cover on these relationships. We also provide the first maps and analyses of LES and PSS of forest understories across Europe and give evidence that the understories of European forest types are differently positioned along major axes of trait variation.
- Published
- 2021
31. The relationship between niche breadth and range size of beech (Fagus) species worldwide
- Author
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Cai, Qiong, Welk, Erik, Ji, Chengjun, Fang, Wenjing, Sabatini, Francesco M., Zhu, Jianxiao, Zhu, Jiangling, Tang, Zhiyao, Attorre, Fabio, Campos, Juan A., Dolezal, Jiri, Field, Richard, Gholizadeh, Hamid, Indreica, Adrian, Jandt, Ute, Karger, Dirk N., Lenoir, Jonathan, Peet, Robert K., Pielech, Remigiusz, De Sanctis, Michele, Schrodt, Franziska, Svenning, Jens Christian, Tang, Cindy Q., Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Willner, Wolfgang, Yasuhiro, Kubota, Fang, Jingyun, and Bruelheide, Helge
- Subjects
Ecology ,Geography: Geosciences ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
Aim: This work explores whether the commonly observed positive range size–niche breadth relationship exists for Fagus, one of the most dominant and widespread broad-leaved deciduous tree genera in temperate forests of the Northern Hemisphere. Additionally, we ask whether the 10 extant Fagus species’ niche breadths and climatic tolerances are under phylogenetic control. Location: Northern Hemisphere temperate forests. Taxon: Fagus L. Methods: Combining the global vegetation database sPlot with Chinese vegetation data, we extracted 107,758 relevés containing Fagus species. We estimated biotic and climatic niche breadths per species using plot-based co-occurrence data and a resource-based approach, respectively. We examined the relationships of these estimates with range size and tested for their phylogenetic signal, prior to which a Random Forest (RF) analysis was applied to test which climatic properties are most conserved across the Fagus species. Results: Neither biotic niche breadth nor climatic niche breadth was correlated with range size, and the two niche breadths were incongruent as well. Notably, the widespread North American F. grandifolia had a distinctly smaller biotic niche breadth than the Chinese Fagus species (F. engleriana, F. hayatae, F. longipetiolata and F. lucida) with restricted distributions in isolated mountains. The RF analysis revealed that cold tolerance did not differ among the 10 species, and thus may represent an ancestral, fixed trait. In addition, neither biotic nor climatic niche breadths are under phylogenetic control. Main Conclusions: We interpret the lack of a general positive range size–niche breadth relationship within the genus Fagus as a result of the widespread distribution, high among-region variation in available niche space, landscape heterogeneity and Quaternary history. The results hold when estimating niche sizes either by fine-scale co-occurrence data or coarse-scale climate data, suggesting a mechanistic link between factors operating across spatial scales. Besides, there was no evidence for diverging ecological specialization within the genus Fagus.
- Published
- 2021
32. Towards Objectivity in Vegetation Classification: The Example of the Austrian Forests
- Author
-
Grabherr, Georg, Reiter, Karl, and Willner, Wolfgang
- Published
- 2003
33. Context-Dependence of Diagnostic Species: A Case Study of the Central European Spruce Forests
- Author
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Chytrý, Milan, Exner, Andreas, Hrivnák, Richard, Ujházy, Karol, Valachovič, Milan, and Willner, Wolfgang
- Published
- 2002
34. Picea abies and Abies alba Forests of the Austrian Alps: Numerical Classification and Ordination
- Author
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Exner, Andreas, Willner, Wolfgang, and Grabherr, Georg
- Published
- 2002
35. Tree cover at fine and coarse spatial grains interacts with shade tolerance to shape plant species distributions across the Alps
- Author
-
Nieto-Lugilde, Diego, Lenoir, Jonathan, Abdulhak, Sylvain, Aeschimann, David, Dullinger, Stefan, Gégout, Jean-Claude, Guisan, Antoine, Pauli, Harald, Renaud, Julien, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Thuiller, Wilfried, Van Es, Jérémie, Vittoz, Pascal, Willner, Wolfgang, Wohlgemuth, Thomas, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., and Svenning, Jens-Christian
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
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36. Evidence for Glacial Refugia of the Forest Understorey Species Helleborus niger (Ranunculaceae) in the Southern as Well as in the Northern Limestone Alps
- Author
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Záveská, Eliška, Kirschner, Philipp, Frajman, Božo, Wessely, Johannes, Willner, Wolfgang, Gattringer, Andreas, Hülber, Karl, Lazić, Desanka, Dobeš, Christoph, and Schönswetter, Peter
- Subjects
Alps ,demographic modeling ,Helleborus niger ,glacial refugia ,forest understorey ,RAD sequencing ,species distribution modeling - Abstract
The abstract is available here: https://uscholar.univie.ac.at/o:1621177
- Published
- 2021
37. Central European forest–steppe: An ecosystem shaped by climate, topography and disturbances.
- Author
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Chytrý, Kryštof, Willner, Wolfgang, Chytrý, Milan, Divíšek, Jan, and Dullinger, Stefan
- Subjects
- *
TOPOGRAPHY , *TEMPERATE forests , *CURRENT distribution , *STEPPES , *PALEOECOLOGY , *SOIL formation - Abstract
The occurrence and origin of dry grasslands and their rich biota in the moderately humid Central‐European climate have fascinated scientists for over a century. Modern palaeoecological and phylogeographical data support earlier hypotheses that these grasslands are late Pleistocene relicts and can therefore be considered part of the Eurasian forest–steppe biome. However, it is still unclear which factors fostered the maintenance of steppe patches in Central Europe throughout the Holocene. Here, we provide an overview of the main hypotheses, which stress, respectively, the effects of climate, edaphic conditions and disturbances. We then develop a general conceptual framework on how these three factors interact to form forest–steppe mosaics. We thereby emphasize the role of topography as a crucial control on forest–steppe patterns at the landscape scale. Topography is related to several mechanistic drivers that influence vegetation processes, such as near‐surface microclimate and soil formation. Consequently, topographic variation allows both forest and steppe patches to occur beyond their macroclimatic niche, favouring the development of forest–steppe mosaics. To illustrate our framework, we demonstrate the interactive effect of macroclimate and topography on the occurrence of steppe patches at 108 selected Central European forest–steppe sites. Although we developed our framework focusing on the current distribution of Central European forest–steppe, we suggest that it contributes to the understanding of similar transitions between temperate forest and steppe biomes in the past as well as elsewhere in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Explanation of beta diversity in European alpine grasslands changes with scale.
- Author
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Malanson, George P., Pansing, Elizabeth R., Testolin, Riccardo, Abdulhak, Sylvain, Bergamini, Ariel, Ćušterevska, Renata, Marcenò, Corrado, Kuzmanović, Nevena, Milanović, Đorđije, Ruprecht, Eszter, Šibík, Jozef, Vassilev, Kiril, Willner, Wolfgang, and Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja
- Subjects
GRASSLAND soils ,LAST Glacial Maximum ,GRASSLANDS ,MOUNTAIN plants ,EXPONENTIAL functions ,SPECIES diversity - Abstract
The importance of environmental difference among sites and dispersal limitations of species to the explanation of diversity differs among biological systems and geographical regions. We hypothesized that climate and then dispersal limitation will predominantly explain the similarity of alpine vegetation at increasing distances between pairs of regions at subcontinental extent. We computed the similarity of all pairs of 23 European mountain regions below 50° N after dividing the species lists of each region by calcareous or siliceous substrates. Distance decay in similarity was better fitted by a cubic polynomial than a negative exponential function, and the fit was better on calcareous than on siliceous substrate. Commonality analysis revealed that the proportion of explanation of beta diversity by climatic difference had unimodal patterns on a gradient of increasing distance between regions, while explanation by dispersal limitation had consistently rising patterns on both substrates. On siliceous substrate, dispersal limitation explained more of the variation in beta diversity only at longer distances, but it was predominant at all distances on calcareous substrate. The steeper response to distance at <1600 km and >2600 km may indicate dispersal limitation at different temporal scales, and the uptick in the response to distance at the longest distances may reflect how isolated some regions have been before and since the last glacial maximum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. First Report of the European Vegetation Classification Committee (EVCC)
- Author
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Biurrun, Idoia and Willner, Wolfgang
- Subjects
EuroVegChecklist ,phytosociology ,EVCC ,European Vegetation Survey ,order ,syntaxonomy ,class ,Alliance - Abstract
The European Vegetation Classification Committee (EVCC) was established in 2017 by the European Vegetation Survey to maintain and update a standard phytosociological classification of European vegetation. Vegetation scientists can send proposals for modification of specific parts of the EuroVegChecklist, which is used as a baseline. The proposals are accepted or rejected based on recommendations issued by a specialist group and after voting by EVCC members. Here we report the results of the first voting, which took place from 4 June to 4 July 2020. EVCC members voted on the recommendations issued for three proposals of change concerning spring and dune vegetation, and mediterranean grasslands. As a result, EVCC accepted to modify the classes Ammophiletea and Helichryso-Crucianelletea, but rejected to include the alliance Philonotidion seriatae and the class Charybdido pancratii-Asphodeletea ramosi. These rejections are not final, and similar proposals can be submitted again with new data supporting the proposed changes. Abbreviations: EVCC = European Vegetation Classification Committee; SG = Specialist Group.
- Published
- 2020
40. Vegetation diversity of salt-rich grasslands in Southeast Europe
- Author
-
Eliáš, Pavol, Jr, Sopotlieva, Desislava, Dítě, Daniel, Hájková, Petra, Apostolova, Iva, Senko, Dušan, Melečková, Zuzana, Hájek, Michal, and Willner, Wolfgang
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Picea abies andAbies alba forests of the austrian alps: Numerical classification and ordination
- Author
-
Exner, Andreas, Willner, Wolfgang, and Grabherr, Georg
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Long-term continuity of steppe grasslands in eastern Central Europe: Evidence from species distribution patterns and chloroplast haplotypes.
- Author
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Willner, Wolfgang, Moser, Dietmar, Plenk, Kristina, Aćić, Svetlana, Demina, Olga N., Höhn, Maria, Kuzemko, Anna, Roleček, Jan, Vassilev, Kiril, Vynokurov, Denys, and Kropf, Matthias
- Subjects
- *
SPECIES distribution , *CHLOROPLAST DNA , *STEPPES , *GRASSLANDS , *NATURE conservation , *CONTINUITY - Abstract
Aim: The steppe grasslands of eastern Central Europe are exceptionally species rich and valuable from a nature conservation point of view. However, their historical biogeography is still poorly understood. Here we use the regional diversity of habitat specialists and chloroplast DNA data to investigate potential long-term refugia of steppe species in this region. Location: Pannonian Basin and adjacent regions; SW Russia. Taxon: Vascular plants. Methods: After identifying habitat specialists of the three main steppe types (meadow steppes, grass steppes and rocky steppes), we compiled their regional presence--absence in grid cells of 75 km x 75 km. We analysed the dependency of habitat specialist diversity to climate, topographic heterogeneity and geographical distance to potential refugia. For genetic analysis, we sampled three or four habitat specialists of each steppe type and used cpDNA markers to investigate intraspecific diversity and geographical distribution of haplotypes. We also tested for correspondence between the number of habitat specialists and haplotype diversity. Results: Climate and topography explained between 40% and 63% of the variance in habitat specialist diversity. Adding geographical distance to potential refugia increased the explained variance in the models for all steppe types. Chloroplast haplotypes featured a complex pattern across the study area. Several species showed a strong geographical differentiation, suggesting migration waves from multiple refugia with only limited subsequent genetic intermixture. Maximum haplotype diversity in a region showed a better correlation with the number of habitat specialists per steppe type than mean haplotype diversity. Main conclusions: We can clearly reject the scenario of a late-Holocene immigration of steppe species from areas outside the Pannonian Basin. Most species must have been present in the region since at least the early Holocene, highlighting the importance of the lower mountain ranges surrounding the Pannonian Basin as long-term refugia for European steppe species. Dispersal limitation and resulting migration lags seem to have a strong influence on the distribution of steppe species in Central Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Book reviews
- Author
-
Adler, Wolfgang, Englmaier, Peter, Fischer, Manfred A., Kropf, Matthias, Lauria, Friedrich, Pagitz, Konrad, Schneeweiss, Gerald M., Staudinger, Christa, Willner, Wolfgang, Plazi, and Neilreichia
- Subjects
Biodiversity ,Taxonomy - Abstract
no abstract provided
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Reconstructing geographical parthenogenesis: effects of niche differentiation and reproductive mode on Holocene range expansion of an alpine plant
- Author
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Kirchheimer, Bernhard, Wessely, Johannes, Gattringer, Andreas, Hülber, Karl, Moser, Dietmar, Schinkel, Christoph C. F., Appelhans, Marc, Klatt, Simone, Caccianiga, Marco, Dellinger, Agnes, Guisan, Antoine, Kuttner, Michael, Lenoir, Jonathan, Maiorano, Luigi, Nieto-Lugilde, Diego, Plutzar, Christoph, Svenning, Jens-Christian, Willner, Wolfgang, Hörandl, Elvira, Dullinger, Stefan, Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research, University of Vienna [Vienna], Università degli studi di Milano [Milano], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), UR Ecol & Dynam Syst Anthropises EDYSAN, UMR CNRS 7058, Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' [Rome], Dept Biol Sci, Ecoinformat & Biodivers Grp, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Vienna Institute for Nature Conservation and Analyses (VINCA), Università degli Studi di Milano [Milano] (UNIMI), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), and Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome]
- Subjects
Ranunculus ,Letter ,[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes ,Parthenogenesis ,CLIMATIC NICHES ,[SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity ,GENETIC-STRUCTURE ,Altitude ,Ecosystem ,Geography ,Plants ,Ranunculus kuepferi ,Apomictic plants ,European Alps ,geographical range ,minority cytotype disadvantage ,niche shift ,polyploidization ,APOMIXIS ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics ,DISTANCE SEED DISPERSAL ,DISTRIBUTIONS ,RANUNCULUS-KUEPFERI RANUNCULACEAE ,Letters ,BAKERS LAW ,[SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment ,EVOLUTION ,APOMICTIC PLANTS ,[SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology ,BIOGEOGRAPHY - Abstract
International audience; Asexual taxa often have larger ranges than their sexual progenitors, particularly in areas affected by Pleistocene glaciations. The reasons given for this ‘geographical parthenogenesis’ are contentious, with expansion of the ecological niche or colonisation advantages of uniparental reproduction assumed most important in case of plants. Here, we parameterized a spread model for the alpine buttercup Ranunculus kuepferi and reconstructed the joint Holocene range expansion of its sexual and apomictic cytotype across the European Alps under different simulation settings. We found that, rather than niche broadening or a higher migration rate, a shift of the apomict's niche towards colder conditions per se was crucial as it facilitated overcoming of topographical barriers, a factor likely relevant for many alpine apomicts. More generally, our simulations suggest potentially strong interacting effects of niche differentiation and reproductive modes on range formation of related sexual and asexual taxa arising from their differential sensitivity to minority cytotype disadvantage.
- Published
- 2018
45. A survey of vegetation survey papers
- Author
-
Willner, Wolfgang, Bergmeier, Erwin, Biurrun, Idoia, Dengler, Jürgen, and Jansen, Florian
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Geography ,580: Pflanzen (Botanik) ,Vegetation classification ,medicine ,Plant Science ,Physical geography ,medicine.symptom ,577: Ökologie ,Vegetation (pathology) ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
The annual Editorial of Phytocoenologia 2018 reflects on the topical coverage of the journal in the years 2015-2017. All continents except Antarctica were present, but contributions from Europe and Asia dominated, South America and Africa were moderately represented and North America and Australia underrepresented. In terms of vegetation types temperate grasslands and forests were the most frequent study subjects, while aquatic and weed communities were hardly treated at all. We highlight the classification of the petrifying springs in Ireland as a prototypic study we would like to be published in the journal and thus acknowledge the authors with the Editors’ Award 2017. Also the two permanent sections, Ecoinformatics (with Long and Short Database Reports) as well as Phytosociological Nomenclature (with nomenclatural proposals and nomenclatural revisions) are important and much used parts of Phytocoenologia.
- Published
- 2018
46. International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature. 4th edition.
- Author
-
Theurillat, Jean‐Paul, Willner, Wolfgang, Fernández‐González, Federico, Bültmann, Helga, Čarni, Andraž, Gigante, Daniela, Mucina, Ladislav, Weber, Heinrich, and Chytrý, Milan
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRONIC publications , *VEGETATION classification - Abstract
The fourth edition of the International Code of Phytosociological Nomenclature (ICPN) was prepared by the Steering Committee of the IAVS Working Group for Phytosociological Nomenclature (GPN). The edition consists of 14 Definitions, 7 Principles, 53 Articles, and 7 Appendices. When compared with the previous edition, the main amendments are: (a) the acceptance of electronic publications (Art. 1); (b) the introduction of binding decisions (Definition XIV, Principle II, Articles 1, 2b, 3c, 29b, 40, 42, 44, Appendices 6 and 7); (c) the mandatory use of the English or Latin terminology for syntaxonomic novelties (Definition II, Principle II, Articles 3d and 3i); (d) the introduction of autonyms for the main ranks when the corresponding secondary ranks are created (Articles 13b and 24); (e) the automatic correction of the taxon names (name‐giving taxa) used in the names of syntaxa in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN) (Article 44); (f) the possibility to mutate the name of a syntaxon in using other correct, alternative names for the name‐giving taxa (Article 45); (g) the introduction of inadequate names, a new category of rejected names (Definition V, Articles 43 through 45); and (h) the introduction of a conserved type (Definition XIII, Article 53). The fourth edition of ICPN was approved by the GPN on 25 May 2019 and becomes effectively binding on 1 January 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Plant taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover increases toward climatic extremes and depends on historical factors in European beech forests.
- Author
-
Padullés Cubino, Josep, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Willner, Wolfgang, Lososová, Zdeňka, Biurrun, Idoia, Brunet, Jörg, Campos, Juan Antonio, Indreica, Adrian, Jansen, Florian, Lenoir, Jonathan, Škvorc, Željko, Vassilev, Kiril, Chytrý, Milan, and Kreft, Holger
- Subjects
EUROPEAN beech ,CLIMATE extremes ,FOREST plants ,GRID cells ,ACID soils - Abstract
Aims: The effect of biogeographical processes on the spatial turnover component of beta‐diversity over large spatial extents remains scarcely understood. Here, we aim at disentangling the roles of environmental and historical factors on plant taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover, while controlling for the effects of species richness and rarity. Location: European beech (Fagus sylvatica) forests in Europe. Methods: We aggregated plant species occurrences from vegetation plots in spatial grid cells of 0.25º × 0.25º to calculate the spatial turnover component of taxonomic (TBDturn) and phylogenetic (PBDturn) beta‐diversity for each cell. We also calculated the deviation of PBDturn given TBDturn (PBDdev‐turn), which measures the importance of phylogenetic turnover after factoring out taxonomic turnover. Beta‐diversity was calculated for each grid cell as the mean pairwise dissimilarity between the focal cell and all other cells. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to examine the relationships between environmental (climate, soil pH, and distance from the geographical distribution limit of beech) and historical (distance from beech glacial refugia) predictors and beta‐diversity metrics. Results: We found a geographically consistent variation in taxonomic and phylogenetic turnover. Overall, TBDturn and PBDturn increased significantly toward more extreme climatic conditions, on more acidic soils, and toward the margins of beech distribution. The effects of environmental variables and the distance from glacial refugia on beta‐diversity metrics were mediated by species richness and rarity. Phylogenetic turnover was low in relation to taxonomic turnover (i.e., high PBDdev‐turn) in areas closer to glacial refugia. Conclusions: Continental‐scale patterns of beta‐diversity in European beech forests are the result of complementary ecological and evolutionary processes. In general, beech forests are taxonomically and phylogenetically more distinct in climatically marginal areas of their European range. However, the spatial variation of beta‐diversity in European beech forest flora is still strongly characterized by the distribution of groups of closely related species that evolved or survived in glacial refugia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Report 2 of the Committee for Change and Conservation of Names (CCCN).
- Author
-
Willner, Wolfgang, Čarni, Andraž, Fernández-González, Federico, Pallas, Jens, and Theurillat, Jean-Paul
- Subjects
VEGETATION classification ,FORESTS & forestry ,PLANT communities ,BIOLOGICAL nomenclature ,PLANT conservation - Abstract
In this Report, three previously published nomenclatural proposals are discussed, and recommendations on acceptance or rejection of these proposals are provided. The proposals concern the following syntaxa: Berberidion Braun-Blanquet 1950, Aceretalia pseudoplatani Moor 1976 and Festucetalia valesiacae Braun-Blanquet et Tüxen ex Braun-Blanquet 1950. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Braun-Blanquet meets EcoVeg: a formation and division level classification of European phytosociological units.
- Author
-
Willner, Wolfgang and Faber-Langendoen, Don
- Subjects
FORESTS & forestry ,VEGETATION classification ,PLANT communities ,PHYSIOGNOMY - Abstract
Aims: To link the Braun-Blanquet units of the EuroVegChecklist (EVC) with the upper levels of the International Vegetation Classification (IVC), and to propose a division level classification for Europe. Study area: Europe. Methods: We established a tabular linkage between EVC classes and IVC formations and identified mismatches between these two levels. We then proposed IVC division level units to organize EVC classes. Results: We organized the EVC classes into 21 formations and 30 divisions. We flagged classes that did not fit comfortably within an existing formation, either because its content corresponded to more than one formation or because it did not fit any formation description. In a few cases, we split EVC classes because they seemed too heterogenous to be assigned to a single formation. Conclusions: The IVC approach adds a set of physiognomic and ecological criteria that effectively organizes the EVC classes, which are already being increasingly informed by physiognomy. Therefore, the formation concepts are relatively natural extensions of concepts already embedded in the classes. However, physiognomic placement of Braun-Blanquet classes can be difficult when the sampling of the vegetation is at finer grain than usual in the respective formation (tall-scrub, annual pioneer communities). Some EVC classes seem too heterogenous to fit into the IVC formation system. Delimitation of these classes has often been a matter of debate for many decades, and the IVC perspective might help to solve these intricate issues. In other cases, mismatches between phytosociological classes and IVC formations might better be solved by emending the current formation concepts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Xeric grasslands of the inner-alpine dry valleys of Austria - new insights into syntaxonomy, diversity and ecology.
- Author
-
Magnes, Martin, Willner, Wolfgang, Janišová, Monika, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Khouri, Elías Afif, Berg, Christian, Kuzemko, Anna, Kirschner, Philipp, Guarino, Riccardo, Rötzer, Harald, Belonovskaya, Elena, Berastegi, Asun, Biurrun, Idoia, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Mašić, Ermin, Dengler, Jürgen, and Dembicz, Iwona
- Subjects
GRASSLANDS ,VALLEYS ,PLANT communities ,VEGETATION classification ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
Aims: We studied the syntaxonomic position, biodiversity, ecological features, nature conservation value and current status of dry grasslands investigated by Josias Braun-Blanquet more than 60 years ago. Study area: Inner-alpine valleys of Austria. Methods: We sampled 67 plots of 10 m2, following the standardized EDGG methodology. We subjected our plots to an unsupervised classification with the modified TWINSPAN algorithm and interpreted the branches of the dendrogram syntaxonomically. Biodiversity, structural and ecological characteristics of the resulting vegetation units at association and order level were compared by ANOVAs. Results: All the examined grasslands belong to the class Festuco-Brometea. From ten distinguished clusters, we could assign four clusters to validly published associations, while the remaining six clusters were named tentatively. We classified them into three orders: Stipo-Festucetalia pallentis (Armerio elongatae-Potentilletum arenariae, Phleo phleoidis-Pulsatilletum nigricantis, Medicago minima-Melica ciliata community, Koelerio pyramidatae-Teucrietum montani), Festucetalia valesiacae (Sempervivum tectorum-Festuca valesiaca community); Brachypodietalia pinnati (Astragalo onobrychidis-Brometum erecti, Agrostis capillaris-Avenula adsurgens community, Anthericum ramosum-Brachypodium pinnatum community, Ranunculus bulbosus-Festuca rubra community, Carduus defloratus-Brachypodium pinnatum community). Conclusions: The ten distinguished dry grassland communities of the Austrian inner-alpine valleys differ in their ecological affinities as well as their vascular plant, bryophyte and lichen diversity. We point out their high nature conservation importance, as each of them presents a unique habitat of high value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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